• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.39-50
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of our study is to provide an understanding of the relationships among consumer attention to social comparison information (ATSCI), consumer ethnocentrism (CET), national identity (NI), and consumer purchase intention to domestic brands (PIDB). Drawing on the social comparison theory (SCT) and social identity theory (SIT), we developed a model that is empirically testable and explains consumer behavior of domestic brands and products. Research design, data, and methodology - The conceptual framework was tested with primary data collected through a survey in China. Structural equation modeling was employed to test hypotheses. Results - The results from empirical analyses indicated that the ATSCI positively influenced CET and NI, and CET and NI affect consumer PIDB. In addition, the mediating effects of CET and NI on the relationship between ATSCI and PIDB were identified. Nonetheless, little direct impact of ATSCI on PIDB was reported. Conclusions - We suggested that international marketers use given information to attract consumer attention and develop appropriate promotions, especially for Chinese young generations that would pay much attention to social comparison information in their purchase decisions. Our study originally connected one socio-psychological antecedent, ATSCI, with CET and NI and estimated the relationships among the three antecedents and their effects on PIDB in order to predict consumer behavior in China.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.371-381
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• 2020

The objectives of this study are (1) to review previous studies in the context of brand management in consumer behaviors using costumer based brand equity (CBBE) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) as the basic foundation of the study; and (2) to develop a comprehensive research model by integrating relevant research constructs using meta-analysis. This study reviewed a total 173 studies from 58 published papers with 40 journals during 1991~2014 and developed a comprehensive framework with 16 research hypotheses. The results showed that (1) brand image, brand personality, brand association, and subjective norm are the important antecedents of brand attitudes; (2) brand awareness, brand trust, perceived quality, and perceived behavioral control are the important antecedents of brand loyalty; (3) brand attitude positively influences brand loyalty, which further influences brand equity; and (4) brand equity positively influences behavioral intention. This study fills in the research gap by integrating more research variables into CBBE model, particularly to include the influence of social context on consumer behavior through TPB. These results indicated that the integration between CBBE and TPB is meaningful and the comprehensive model can explain more variances than that of the individual model. Limitations, and recommendations for future research in this area are provided.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

Purpose - The exhibition is one of the critical distribution channels that leads to mass sales of products. Servicescape is considered as an effective means facilitating consumers' purchasing behavior. The objective of this research is to examine the effects of servicescape of the exhibition on consumer's purchasing behavior measured by time spent, the number of consultations, the number of items purchased, and amount of money spent. Research design, data, and methodology - Servicescape was divided into four main components: 'spatial layout/functionality', 'ambient condition', 'design/artifacts', and 'human factor'. Based on previous studies, this study hypothesized that servicescape dimensions first influence consumer's shopping duration and the number of consultations which in turn, affects consumer's actual purchase. A total of 407 samples were collected from attendees in Baby Expo taken place in Kyunggido, South Korea. The data were used to assess overall fit of the proposed model and test hypotheses using structural equation modeling. All the constructs had acceptable levels of composite reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. Results - The results showed that except for 'spatial layout/functionality', all components of servicescape had a significant influence on consumer's shopping duration in the exhibition. Except for 'design/artifacts', other factors of servicescape did not show a significant effect on 'the number of consultations'. Interestingly, 'design/artifacts' exerted a significant negative effect on 'the number of consultations'. As expected, 'time spent' and 'number of consultations' showed significant effects on both 'the number of items purchased' and 'amount of money spent'. Conclusions - The results offer some insights into the effect of servicescape on facilitating consumers' purchasing behavior in the context of the exhibition. Theoretically, this study provides a new type of conceptual framework that verifies the relationships between not only servicescape and purchasing behavior, but also purchasing behavior-related variables. In addition, this study supports the concept of a dark side of servicescape. With regards to practical implications, this study suggests that exhibition organizers should put more efforts in facilitating consumer's desire to stay. More importantly, organizers need to keep in mind that excessive emphasis on 'design/artifacts' to increase consumers' shopping duration can cause a side effect that reduces opportunities for interactions with customers.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Purpose - The environment-friendly agricultural product market in Korea sees continual high growth. Recently, the Korean government has been actively fostering environment-friendly agriculture as an engine of future growth. Korean people have increasingly become more health-conscious and interested in food safety issues. Many distribution and retailing companies have responded with various promotional activities. However, most of these are not strategic and appear to have unsatisfactory outcomes. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest effective marketing strategies for environment-friendly agricultural products. To achieve this aim, the study empirically investigates the effects of consumer characteristics and trust on the purchase intention of environment-friendly agricultural products. Research design, data, methodology - Based on the theory of planned behavior, and previous studies related to the purchase intention and consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products, we set up five study hypotheses. These related to the demographic characteristics of consumers, purchase intention, and behavior of the products. We then set up a study model and four study hypotheses relating to health consciousness, environmental consciousness, consumer trust level, purchase intention, and behavior of the products. The data were collected using a questionnaire given to consumers living in Seoul and southern Geonggi Province. The final sample size is 403 and mean age is 44.3. SPSS 15.0 for Windows and Amos 7.0 were used as statistical analysis tools. Meaningful results were derived using frequency analysis, correlation analysis, a t-test, and structural equation modeling. Results - Empirical results of this research are as follows. (1) First, it is shown that consumers consider such attributes as intimacy and health to be important when they buy environment-friendly agricultural products. (2) We also found that consumers recognize the value of environment-friendly agricultural products as high, but their trust level as low. (3) Consumer groups consisting of married couples, with higher education, higher income, and higher age are shown to have a higher intention of buying environment-friendly agricultural products than any other consumer group. (4) It is estimated that the level of consumer trust positively affects the purchase intention of environment-friendly agricultural products. The path coefficient (.138) between consumer trust and purchase intention is statistically significant at the α = .05 level. (5). It is also estimated that environmental consciousness positively affects purchase intention. The path coefficient (.245) between environmental consciousness and purchase intention is statistically significant at the α = 0.05 level. The standardized path coefficients of consumer trust and environmental consciousness with purchase intention are .556 and .288 respectively. Therefore, consumer trust affects purchase intention more than environmental consciousness. (6) Finally, purchase intention is estimated to positively affect purchase behavior. Conclusions - Based upon empirical results, this research suggests that marketers of environment-friendly agricultural products should focus more on increasing consumer trust levels, emphasizing the training and education of employees. The government also should pay attention to a standardized certification system for environment-friendly agricultural products. Marketers of environment-friendly agricultural products should consider the consumer groups of married couples, with higher education, higher income, and higher age as a major target segment.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

The functional behavior of a consumer electronic product is nearly all expressed with human-machine interaction (HMI) tasks. Although physical prototyping and computer aided design (CAD) software can show the appearance of the product, they cannot properly reflect its functional behavior. In this paper, we propose an approach to virtual prototyping (VP) that incorporates HMI functional simulation into virtual reality techniques in order to enables users to capture not only the realistic look of a consumer electronic product but also its functional behavior. We adopt state transition methodology to capture the HMI functional behavior of the product into a state transition chart, which is later used to construct a finite state machine (FSM) for the functional simulation of the product. The FSM plays an important role to control the transition between states of the product. We have developed a VP system based on the proposed approach. The system receives input events such as mouse clicks on buttons and switches of the virtual prototype model, and it reacts to the events based on the FSM by activating associated activities. The system provides the realistic visualization of the product and the vivid simulation of its functional behavior using head-mounted displays (HMD) and stereo speakers. It can easily allow users to perform functional evaluation and usability testing. A case study about the virtual prototyping of an MP3 player is given to show the usefulness of the proposed approach.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.123-128
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• 2016

Purpose - Korean Wave that overspreads around Asia and America, especially the Korean beauty wave, has reached Mongolia and Mongolian consumers. Mongolia consumers usually prefer foreign cosmetic brands to local brands, because the local brands cannot satisfy fast changing needs and wants of local consumers. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on previous studies about life style of Mongolian consumers, advertisement properties and consumer behaviors, we propose a research model and related hypothesis. In order to test hypotheses, we analyzed 366 survey data out of 376 by eliminating improper 10 responses. Factor analysis and reliability analysis was conducted by SPSS 22.0. We used multiple regression analysis and parameter analysis to test the relation between variables. Results - As exploring the Mongolian consumers' current usage of cosmetic products, we found that the customers' focus is how the products fit with their skin. Mongolian consumers often get the information about cosmetic products through TV and internet. Mongolian consumers show positive attitudes on the appearance of Korean celebrities in responsibility, while there is no significant effect on attractiveness. Mongolian consumer's behaviors toward brand have positive effect on both responsibility and attractiveness of Korean commercial celebrities. Responsibility and attractiveness of Korean commercial celebrities have positive effect on the behaviors toward advertisements of cosmetic products. Conclusions - Behaviors toward advertisements of cosmetic products have positive effect on both purchase intention and loyalty of customer. Responsibility and attractiveness of Korean commercial celebrities have positive effect on mediating variable of behavior toward advertisement and independent variable of purchase intention. Responsibility and attractiveness of Korean commercial celebrities have positive effect on mediating variable of behavior toward advertisement and independent variable of loyalty of customer. In order to improve the effect of advertisements, firms need to consider not only the technique of the model but also the image of model in regard to trust and professionalism appealing to consumers. In addition, firms need to choose the model who fits in with the image of the firms and the products and service of the firms. Finally, Mongolian consumers tend to acquire the shopping information through TV advertisements, especially featuring Korean popular stars, thus, TV advertisements can be a wise option in Mongolian cosmetic market.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.927-940
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• 2023

Online shopping has been undergoing significant developments in the South Asian region in the last decade. Using a representative sample of Sri Lankan consumers, this study explored online food purchasing behavior in Sri Lanka, a developing nation and island in South Asia. Data were collected from 562 respondents from all nine provinces in Sri Lanka using an online survey. Consumer attitudes were evaluated using factor analysis, and factor scores were added as explanatory variables to the final model. An ordered logistic regression model was used to examine the impact of consumer demographics, economic variables, and consumer attitudes on online food purchases. Online food purchasing intensity was categorized into four groups that suited ordinal rankings: zero for never, low for rarely, medium for occasionally, and high for regularly. Results indicated that age, income, education, and living in urban areas affect the online food purchasing behavior of Sri Lankan consumers. In addition, trust, convenience, and attitudes toward price were powerful drivers of online food purchasing. The findings have a number of significant managerial ramifications for creating strategies to promote online food purchases in developing South Asian nations like Sri Lanka. Moreover, promoting online shopping could be a potential solution for traffic congestion, ultimately helping to mitigate the negative externalities associated with it, such as carbon emissions and air pollution.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.81-97
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to analyze consumers'choice behavior with regard to information and communication technology(ICT) devices and related services. This research focuses on the relationships not only within each category but also among different categories by considering multiple choice situations in a variety of categories simultaneously. The multivariate probit model with demographic variables and the alternative specific constant model with variance-covariance matrix are estimated using survey data; moreover, the multi-dimensional scaling method is utilized for the presentation of the relationship map. It is evident from the results that some devices and services have a complementary or substitute relationship each other. This study can provide useful information for the development of new products and services by understanding and predicting consumer's behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.55-70
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• 2001

Artificial neural network(ANN) models have been widely used for the classification problems in business such as bankruptcy prediction, credit evaluation, etc. Although the application of ANN to classification of consumers＇ choice behavior is a promising research area, there have been only a few researches. In general, most of the researches have reported that the classification performance of the ANN models were better than conventional statistical model Because the survey data on consumer behavior may include much noise and missing data, ANN model will be more robust than conventional statistical models welch need various assumptions. The purpose of this paper is to study the potential of the ANN model for forecasting consumers＇ choice behavior based on survey data. The data was collected by questionnaires to the shoppers of department stores and discount stores. Then the correct classification rates of the ANN models for the training and test sample with that of multiple discriminant analysis(MDA) and logistic regression(Logit) model. The performance of the ANN models were betted than the performance of the MDA and Logit model with respect to correct classification rate. By using input variables identified as significant in the stepwise MDA, the performance of the ANN models were improved.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.197-215
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• 2016

Purpose This study aims to investigate the factors that influence decision making in relation to providing personal information on the internet with respect to the integration of the privacy calculus theory and protection motivation theory based on the dual-calculus model proposed by Li(2012). Design/methodology/approach The privacy calculus theory and protection motivation theory have been applied to explain privacy behavior to a certain degree but few studies have been conducted to explain privacy behavior based on the integration of these two theories. Although Li(2012) proposed the dual-calculus model, he only proposed its framework and did not carry out an empirical study. Therefore, this study proposes a research model that integrates these two theories and examines the relationship between the two theories through an empirical study. Findings According to the results of empirical analysis, it was found that all relations have statistically significant explanatory power except the relation between coping appraisal and privacy risk in the risk calculus process. Thus, the results verify that external threat played a decisive role in increasing the risk level of a consumer's privacy. It can be discussed the ways to enhance the privacy behavior of consumer on the internet through these findings.