• Title/Summary/Keyword: Construction Period

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AN EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTION OF PERIOD-2 BULBS IN THE CUBIC MANDELBROT SET WITH PARAMETRIC BOUNDARIES

  • Geum, Young-Hee;Kim, Young-Ik;Lee, Kang-Sup
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.25 no.1_2
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    • pp.109-118
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    • 2007
  • A parametric boundary equation is established for the principal period-2 bulb in the cubic Mandelbrot set. Using its geometry, an efficient escape-time algorithm which reduces the construction time for the period-2 bulbs in the cubic Mandelbrot set is introduced and the implementation graphic results display the fascinating fractal beauty.

The Structural Lineage of Palsangjeon in Pubjoo Temple Analyzed through Gilt-bronze Pagoda in the Koryo Period (고려(高麗) 금동탑(金銅塔)을 통해 본 법주사(法主寺) 팔상전(捌相殿)의 구조형식계통(構造形式系統))

  • Kim, Kyeong-Pyo
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.14 no.1 s.41
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    • pp.89-105
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    • 2005
  • The central aim of this thesis is to see if the structure of Palsangjeon(捌相殿) in Pubjoo Temple(法住寺), a five sto wooden pagoda in Chosen(朝鮮) Dynasty, was handed down from the ancient and middle ages. This study was performed through an analysis of Gilt-Bronze Pagoda built in Koryo(高麗) period. In other words, it is aimed at analyzing which lineage the structure of Palsangjeonbelongs to as a wooden pagoda. In analyzing the structure of Palsangjeon, I attempted to find out its source from the remains of Koryo period prior to the Chosen Dynasty. Examples are the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda, built during the Koryo period. I have also examined its relationship with other existing wooden pagodas and remains. The analysis of Palsangjeon, a five story wooden pagoda in Chosen Dynasty, focuses on the following: First, I explored the possibilities of whether the structure of Palsangjeon was newly invented in Chosen Dynasty, or if it had been derived from the wooden pagodas in the Koryo period. Secondly, I tried to find out if the stable vertical planes, with a great successive diminution ratio, were derived from the middle age, i.e. Koryo period. The results of the study of Palsangjeon through Gilt-Bronze Pagoda analysis are as follows: 1. The structure of Gilt-Bronze Pagoda, a wooden pagoda from the Koryo period, is roughly classified into the accumulation type, using pipe pillars, and the one story type using whole pillars. In the accumulation type, stories are connected in either a flat format or an intervening format. The Gilt-Bronze Pagoda is mainly composed of pipe pillars, with some whole pillars. However, the central pillar was omitted in the building structure. Generally, the upper and lower stories are connected by pipe pillars in a crutch format. All the pillars, whether they are pipe pillars or whole pillars, used Naiten(內轉) technology. The Eave supporter has the Haang type(下昻) and the Muhaang type(無下昻). In most cases, high balustrades are furnished, but few tables of high balustrades have been found. The slanting roof formats have been handed down from Paekche(百濟), Silla(新羅), or Koryo(高麗). However, the structure of the octagon is assumed to be derived from Koguryo(高句麗). The structure of the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda from the Koryo period is mainly composed of accumulated flat squares, with some spire types. intervening format, the structure of Palsangjeon used whole pillars in a half story format in which upper level side pillars are installed on the lower level tie beam. From the Bronze Pagoda from the Koryo period, we can assume that the half story format of wooden pagodas that has stable vertical planes with a great successive diminution ratio was created during the mid-Koryo period at the latest and had been idly developed by the time of the Chosen Dynasty. 3. The whole pillars in Palsangjeon are also found in Gilt-Bronze Pagodas from the Koryo period. Hence, all of the pillars in Palsangjeon seem to have been handed down from the ancient construction technology. They were also used in the construction of wooden pagodas from the Koryo period. Therefore, it is assumed that Palsangjeon was constructed using the construction technology of the Chosen Dynasty that had been developed from the wooden pagoda construction technology of the Koryo period. The stable vertical planes with a great successive diminution ratio in Palsangjeon are derived from ancient Korean wooden pagodas, which have developed into indigenous Korean wooden pagodas with fairly stable vertical planes and a great design, in the half story format of Koryo and Chosen Dynasty. Therefore, it is assumed that the structure of Palsangjeon has a systematic relationship with traditional Korean wooden pagodas and is one of the indigenous Korean wooden pagoda structures. 4. In China, the intervening format has been mainly used between stories in multi-story architecture since the ancient days. At the same time, the flat format as also used in ancient and middle ages. However, the flat format was replaced by whole pillars during the Ming(明) and Manchu(淸) Dynasties, in favor of simple and compact construction. The half-story format, in which upper level side pillars are installed on tie beams, has been found in some cases, but it doesn't seem to have been the primary construction technology. Few traces of the half-story format have been found in multi-story architecture in Japan, and it has not been used as a general construction format. By contrast, the half-story format, which seems to have been derived from the Koryo period, was used as a general construction format in multi-story architecture of the Chosen Dynasty. The construction technology of multi-story architecture is related to that of multi-story wooden pagodas, but they have different production technologies. It seems that the structure of Palsangjeon did not just adopt the construction technology of multi-story architecture in the Chosen Dynasty, but it was developed from wooden pagodas in the Koryo period, including the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda. 5. Since the ancient days, most Chinese and Japanese wooden pagodas have adopted an accumulation type of structure using pipe pillars, with accumulated pointed towers. On the other hand, though most Korean wooden pagodas have also adopted an accumulation type of structure from the ancientdays, one story type using whole pillars was created in the Koryo and Chosen Dynasties. The wooden pagoda structure of Palsangjeon, with stable vertical planes in a half story format, is a unique Korean construction technology, different from the construction technologies of Chinese and Japanese wooden pagodas. This thesis clearly determined the structural characteristics of Palsangjeon. However, various remains have yet to be analyzed in depth, to establish an accurate construction technology system. In the beginning of this thesis, I had difficulty in precisely interpreting the internal structure of the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda from its appearance. However, in the process of study, the more serious problem was that there are few remains or ruins of multi-story architecture in ancient and the middle ages of Korea. Therefore, it is urgent to discover various remains in the future. This thesis succeeded in determining the structural characteristics of Palsangjeon. However, it fell short of clarifying the structural lineage of the stable vertical planes, although they show indigenous Korean architectural taste, representing the unique national emotion, and the construction format of multi-story wooden pagodas in Korea. I hope this is clarified in the future research.

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Analysis of Standard Cost and the Construction Period Applied TBM Excavation Method (TBM 굴착 공법 적용 구경별 표준 공사비 및 공사기간 분석 연구)

  • Park, Hong Tae
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.319-327
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    • 2012
  • This research collected work drilling report of TBM method site developed by WRITH company to TBM equipment company in Germany and analyzed work operating productivity. Based the data analyzed TBM operating productivity, This research derived and presented excavation speed(m/day) by TBM diameter (2.6m, 3.0m, 3.5m, 5.0m, 8.0m) and rock. Also, based on the excavation speed(m/day) by TBM diameter, This research estimated a day direct construction cost and total direct construction costs by applying a direct construction cost which spent on per 1m. Based on hard rock 40.0%, soft rock 30.0%, usually rock 20%, weathered rock 10.0%, TBM boring velocity, m per cost, total construction period shall estimate the construction cost and the construction period by the effective use by diameter when future applying TBM method to the basic planning stages and in the preliminary design phase.

A Study on Shape and Construction of Sleeve Shown in Western Costume

  • Park, Jin-Hee;Lee, Hye-Young
    • International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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    • v.3
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    • pp.89-105
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study is to classify sleeves that play an important role in upper-garment designs and that can be presented in diverse shapes by meaningful era. Also, characteristics and trends of sleeves are analyzed to provide a basis for development of design on modem woman's dress. To examine formation and construction of sleeves, literature review and empirical examination were conducted, focusing on patterns of woman's dress presented in literature. This study is to concentrate on the period, the Renaissance to the 19C. In this study, characteristics of sleeves are analyzed by each era according to its shapes and construction. By analyzing the shape of sleeves and the characteristics of the construction of sleeves, the following conclusions had been reached. 1) Sleeves evolved from single, draped garments into dimensional shapes which were manipulated to reflect the changing trends. Considering the comfort and ease of movement have always been very important in clothing design and the construction of sleeves throughout the ages has consistently been able to provide the comfort that wearer demanded. 2) Shape of sleeves varies a little in each period, but recurring trends in fashion led to similar design in sleeves being repeated. Also, instead of a dramatic change in the construction of sleeves, each period had its own unique technique to add freshness by using a variety of ornamentation.

Work Condition Analysis Process for Improving Reliability of Work Plan (작업계획의 신뢰도 향상을 위한 작업여건분석 체계)

  • Song, Ji-Won;Yu, Jung-Ho;Kim, Chang-Duk
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.36-44
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    • 2009
  • The sum of each work duration are entire period in construction project. Each work occurs to be late, the total period of construction project will delays. Therefore, the total period of construction project will not be delayed if probability of work progress makes higher. Finding each work constraints performs constraints analysis in process of construction for checking probability of work progress. Grasp work constraints through the constraints analysis and removes. This research will show preventing delay of construction project, through work condition analysis process.

An Analysis of Planning Practice for Reinforced Concrete Core-Wall Construction in High-Rise Building Construction (초고층건물 R/C조 코어월 선행공사의 시공계획 실무에 관한 분석)

  • Ahn Byung-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.5 no.2 s.18
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    • pp.194-201
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    • 2004
  • Core-wall construction method is applied in many high-rise building constructions. This is caused by the advantages of the method such as the effect of saved construction cost and shortened period. However, the analysis study of planning practice for core-wall construction shows matters take place during core-wall construction, such as increasing in construction cost and period. These matters result from the limited work space leading to low productivity, the activity interference leading to increasing in period, additional temporary work cost and time, and delayed concrete pour activity. A large part of these can be prevented taking place by very detailed and most careful core-wall construction plan. Therefore, this study suggests improvement directions of core-wall construction planning process focused on the cooperation system of a contractor between a sub-contractor and the process.

A Study on the Development of Work Activity Check List by Factor Analysis (요인분석을 통한 공종별 체크리스트 작성에 관한 연구)

  • 이재옥;윤여완;김천학;양극영
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.95-98
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to Estimation the Risk of construction method to protect and reduce the risk of construction period. For this study we are using the pre and during construction period Inspection list. The inspection list was used by construction company for check a flaw of construction field. So we rearrange the individual item of inspection list to match the Risk factor, The results of this study were as follows: The inspection list was rearranged at Risk checklist for Risk estimation. So that we estimate the Risk of individual construction method.

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Characteristics of the difference in occurrence period according to the type and location of tile defects in an apartment house using two-way ANOVA (Two-way ANOVA를 활용한 공동주택 내 타일 하자의 유형 및 위치에 따른 발생기간 차이 특성)

  • Pyeon, Su-Jeong;Kim, Gyu-Yong;Choi, Byung-Cheol;Kim, Moon-Gyu;Lee, Ye-Chan;Nam, Jeong-Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2022.04a
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    • pp.29-30
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    • 2022
  • Tile defects in apartment houses are caused by a combination of various factors. These factors cannot be specified, and it is difficult to determine the exact cause because a number of causes are intertwined. In addition, because the climate of Korea is different by season, the coefficient of thermal expansion between materials is different, which is a major cause of tile defects. Therefore, this study analyzed the difference between the construction location and the period of defect occurrence according to the types of tile defects caused by environmental differences between indoor and outdoor environments. Two-way ANOVA was used, indoor and outdoor spaces were selected, and defect types were selected accordingly to show the difference in the occurrence period of each defect.

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Characteristics of the influence of defect types and period of occurrence according to the type of tile work in an apartment house (공동주택 내 타일 공종에 따른 하자 유형과 발생기간의 영향 특성)

  • Pyeon, Su-Jeong;Kim, Gyu-Yong;Choi, Byung-Cheol;Kim, Moon-Gyu;Gill, Min-Woo;Nam, Jeong-Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2022.11a
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    • pp.67-68
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    • 2022
  • The area inside the apartment building where tiles are installed is applied as a finishing material for walls and floors, including exterior walls, balconies, hallways, bathrooms, and kitchens. As it is constructed in various spaces, differences in the type and period of occurrence of tile defects may appear, which is caused by heterogeneous characteristics between materials and external causes. Therefore, in this study, two-way ANOVA was used to figure out the relationship between the defect occurrence type and the period depending on the type of tile construction in the apartment building.

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AN ANALYSIS ON THE LABOR/CAPITAL PRODUCTIVITY OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

  • Minsoo Choi;Jinu Kim;Moohan Kim
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2005.10a
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    • pp.968-973
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study is to clarify the reality of labor and capital productivity in the construction industry through an industry-level approach and to analyze the relationship between labor and capital productivity using a Cobb-Douglas production function. According to the research results, the construction industry has shown a very high capital productivity, while labor productivity has kept up a low level during the 1980s and 1990s. The reason was because of the lack of skillful construction workers and the decrease of capital. Meanwhile, the construction productivity has greatly increased since 2000 when there was no change in wages. This was because of a large inflow of low-wage foreign workers while the amount of value added has dramatically increased due to the liberalized sale price of apartment buildings. According to the analysis by the Cobb-Douglas production function, the elasticity coefficient of V/L to K/L in the construction industry had decreased from 1.1663 in the 1st period(1971-1988) to 0.4465 in the 2nd period(1989-1997), and to 0.1664 in the 3rd period(1998-2003). Such a result means that the allocation of labor has gradually increased while the allocation of capital has decreased. Moreover there was a big increase in allocation of labor after 1998 due to the excessive deterioration of capital. In conclusion, in order to raise the construction productivity and to avoid labor-intensive production methods, investment for capital should be more increased. In particular, new machinery and equipment that can actually substitute human labor in construction sites should be more developed and applied to construction sites.

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