• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 2020

The general contractor business in South Korea settled in the railway construction during the Daehan Empire, but depending on the construction intention and circumstances of the railroad, relationship among employer-contractor-subcontractor and their roles under the system of the construction process had changed. At the time of laying the Gyeongin and Gyeongbu-rail, the Empire, which had no capital and technology, passed all the power and responsibility of the rail laying to the contractor, who was involved in most of the process. After this, the empire tried to lay Gyeongui-railroad without the help of other countries. Japan prepared for the Russo-Japanese War and decided to construct the railway rapidly, and completed the railway in parallel with direct management work and contract work. From that time on, the general contractor would only do the work. During the construction of railroad in Daehan empire, the general contract business system was established. The ambiguous process was sorted out and divided. At this time, subjects in charge of design and construction has been divided. The internal organization of the project owner and the contractor were organaized and specialized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2021

Most of the construction works in domestic are not direct undertaking work, but by a contract method including subcontracting. Therefore, a general contractor for each project jointly carry out construction work with a specialty contractor for each engineering type. However, in terms of contract, this method is not a joint venture contract, but a subcontract. Accordingly, this system can cause various problems between the prime contractor and the subcontractor. Therefore, this study aims to extract and present the actual obstacle factors in terms of specialty contract company performing specialty construction work for construction project. The presented contents are expected to present the standard for the cooperation system that the prime contractor and the subcontractor can win-win.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.447-451
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to improve regulations such as law and standard contract forms related to defects liability in Korea. Defects liability has been one of the major causes of construction contract disputes in Korea in recent years. It is important to avoid or resolve disputes regarding defects liability through regulations containing clear criteria and to specify the standard regarding the mitigation and remission of the contractor's defects liability. This study was carried out through document research and analysis of judicial precedents. The following are the courses of improvement regarding the mitigation and remission of defects liability in Korea. First, laws and standard contract forms must contain more detailed clauses regarding exemption of a contractor's defects liability, which clearly set out the scope of the defects liability of the contractor. Second, the current system for defects liability favors the owner rather than the contractor - it is necessary to change the defects liability system in order to give the owner and the contractor an equal standing. Third, strict liability is taken on by the contractor even when the term of guarantee for defects lasts longer than the legally set period of liability for defects. Hence, it is necessary to improve the system by alleviating the liability of the contractor through applying negligence liability as opposed to strict liability during the term of guarantee.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.42-49
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• 2022

In recent years, Owner, Architects, and Contractor are increasingly collaborating with each other from pre construction phase in construction projects, which is called Early Contractor Involvement (ECI). In Japan, the ECI method has been introduced in several public building projects since 2015. The purpose of this study is mainly to clarify the characteristics of the ECI method in Japan and to compare the contract clauses of the ECI method in the UK and the USA. The results of the survey are as follows. (1) the ECI method was supposed to make it possible to achieve appropriate quality, cost, and construction period by reflecting Contractor's technology and know-how in the design documents and specifications. (2) According to the database, there were 27 cases of the ECI method in Japan from 2015 to 2021, of which 13 cases for which bidding information could be obtained had a variety of technical proposals, mainly VE proposals, depending on the project characteristics. (3), Japan's ECI method has very much in common with SBC + PCSA in the UK. On the other hand, ECI Method in Japan differs from in the UK in that Owner, Architect, and Contractor enter into a partnership agreement, which is similar to ConsensusDocs CD541 in the USA. (4) The ECI method in Japan has the following problems: Owner depends on Contractor for cost control, the division of roles among project members is complicated, and more work from Owner than the DBB method are required.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1474-1478
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• 2009

The cooperation and trust among the project participants play a critical role in the success or failure of any delivery system in construction industry. But it is very difficult to establish trust between an owner and a contractor when rational people only pursue only their own material self-interest. Based on the principal-agent theory, this paper will introduce the altruistic behavior into the traditional principal-agent model, and model the reciprocal behavior between the owner and contractor. We will show that both the owner and the contractor benefit from their reciprocal behavior, and hence trust establishing between them is possible. More importantly, we will proof that the higher the project uncertainty is, the more important trust establishing is.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

With the increased dependence on subcontracting in the construction industry, the operational relationship between main contractors and subcontractor plays an imperative role in successful project delivery. Consequently, improving this relationship increases the probability of project success and enhancing project performance. A wide range of research has confirmed that partnering improves the main contractor-subcontractor relationship. Though the positive impact of partnering on project performance is supported by a plethora of evidence, the guiding theory on practical partnering process steps is limited. The study aimed at improving subcontracting in the construction industry through a partnering process relevant to Zambia guided by factors obtained from industry expects. Questionnaire surveys and Semi-structured interview were adopted to investigate the perception of construction industry professionals and academics towards the main contractor-subcontractor relationship along with improvement factors. The findings showed that the relationship between main contractors and subcontractors on most projects in Zambia is unsatisfactory therefore justifying attention. Top factors that can enhance the main contractor-subcontractor relationship were identified. From the factors deduced and guidelines on partnering best practices, a project partnering model was developed.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.417-423
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• 2005

Contractor's opportunistic bidding behavior refers to contractor's deliberate low-bid, which cannot accord with the cost, and expectation for beyond-contractual reward (BCR), the compensation earned through cutting corners or claims after undertaking the construction project. This research applies System Dynamics to develop a model of contractor's pricing with consideration for dimensions of "cost", "market competition", and "BCR". Iterative computer simulations were performed to analyze the effects of contractor's pricing on the market price. The results were then examined by statistical analysis on data collected from 44 highway projects in Taiwan. It is found that the critical force driving the contractors to bid opportunistically is their excessive expectations in BCR under the current environment. Within the price competition mechanism, if the problem of BCR exists, even if the bidding system is further improved, contractors would still prefer opportunistic bidding behavior, and eventually make the whole construction industry operate ineffectively. Therefore, it is crucial to remedy the aforementioned BCR problem by more effective management policy.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for selecting the best contractor in the Gaza Strip using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The contractor's selection methods and criteria were identified using a field survey. Fifty four engineers were asked to fill a questionnaire that covers factors related to the selection criteria of contractors practiced in Gaza Strip. The results shows that the dominant part of respondents (91%) confirmed that the current awarding method "the lowest bid price" is considered one of the major problems of the construction sector, "award the bid to the highest weight after combination of the technical and financial scores" represented 50% of the respondents. The criteria weights were determined based on Relative Importance Index (RII. Ninety-one tenders(13 projects) were used to train and test the ANN model after re-evaluating the contractors depend on the weights of factors to select the best contractor who achieves the highest score. Neurosolution software was used to train the models. The results of the trained models indicated that neural network reasonably succeeded in selection the best contractor with 95.96% accuracy. The performed sensitivity analysis showed that the profitability and capital of company are the most influential parameters in selection contractors. This model gives chance to the owner to be more accurate in selecting the most appropriate contractor.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.758-763
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• 2009

In Japan, it has been argued between architects and contractors that which process is desirable, the traditional process or the design-build process. It is called the contractor-designer issue. In 1968, Kajima Corporation chairman Morinosuke Kajima and the Japan Architects Association had a public controversy over it. On the other hand, in practice, architects and contractors have secured quality of buildings thorough a close communication in the design and construction process of building. What are the relationships between architects and contractors? What roles do architects and contractors have in practice? This study has two aims. First one is to analyze the contractor-designer issue based on roles and relationships between architects and contractors, and then to show conflicts between them. Second one is to consider issues which architects face in the relationships with contractors.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.106-113
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• 2003

The purpose of this thesis is to provide an appropriate trade-off information for the conflicting interests caused by the various factors between building owner and contractor during selecting the contractor and performing the construction work, in which the construction was contracted by open bidding from the government or private organizations. In order to propose the legitimate evidence, the differences between the domestic contract sheet of drawing change and the process of drawing change and those of the foreign countries were compared and analysed The number of construction ordered in Youngdong area in 2001 whose construction expenses are more than 100,000,000 won is 218 items and 147,005,000,000 won in total cost Among them, the number of 218 items whose total cost amounts to 16,705,000,000 (11.36$\%$) is in case of increase of construction expenses due to the drawing changes, and the number of 48 items whose tool cost amounts to 2,009,000,000 won (1.37$\%$) is the case of decrease. In conclusions, the contractor could have more benefits than the building owner in case they submit the detailed estimate sheet without eliminating the increasing expenses of construction. It is shown that the building owner's loss is increasing whenever the labor cost is higher material cost Therefore, this thesis proposes a proper standards for the harmonious compromise between the contractor and the building owner for the problems caused by the drawing changes when the contract agreement is occurred.