• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제80권4호
• /
• pp.383-392
• /
• 1991

경북지방(慶北地方)의 소나무와 곰솔에 대한 Giemsa C-분염(分染)에 의한 유전변이(遺傳變異)를 조사(調査)한 바 다음과 같다. 1. Giemsa C-분염(分染)에 의한 핵형분석(核型分析)에서 소나무와 곰솔의 체세포(體細胞) 염색체수(染色體數)는 2n=24이고 2. 소나무는 arm ratio가 비슷한 M형(型)으로 개체간(個體間)에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 이차협착(二次狹窄)의 수(數)와 위치(位置)가 개체간(個體間)에 다소(多少) 차이(差異)가 있었으며 3. 곰솔은 염색체(染色體) 길이와 arm ratio가 M형(型)으로 소나무와 비슷하고 이차협착(二次狹窄)의 수(數)와 위치가 비슷하여 개체간(個體間)의 변이(變異)는 거의 없었다. 4. 염색체(染色體) C-분염(分染)에 의한 유전변이(遺傳變異)에서 소나무와 곰솔은 12쌍(雙)의 염색체(染色體)에 동원체(動原體) 부분(部分)과 이차협착(二次狹窄) 부위(部位)에 band가 나타났고 5. 소나무는 3번, 4번, 7번 염색체(染色體)에서는 개체(個體)에 관계(關係)없이 모두 이차협착(二次狹窄)에 band가 나타나고 1번, 2번, 5번 염색체(染色體)의 이차협착(二次狹窄)의 band는 개체간(個體間)에 변이(變異)가 있었다. 8번, 9번, 10번, 11번 염색체(染色體)에서는 telomere에 band가 나타나고 개체간(個體間)에 변이(變異)가 있었으며 6. 곰솔은 2번, 3번, 5번, 7번 8번 염색체(染色體)의 이차협착(二次狹窄)에 band가 모두 나타나고 개체간(個體間)에 변이(變異)가 없었으며 telomere에는 band가 나타나지 않았다. 7. C-분염(分染)에 의한 변이(變異)는 소나무에서는 개체간(個體間)에 변이(變異)가 있으나 곰솔에서는 변이(變異)가 없었고 소나무는 4번 염색체(染色體)에서, 곰솔은 8번 염색체(染色體)에서 이차협착(二次狹窄)에 band가 나타나고 있다. 이러한 것이 소나무와 곰솔의 C-분염(分染)에 의한 차이점(差異點)이라고 생각된다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2013

In ophthalmology, a pupillometer, a device to measure the diameter of the pupil of the eye, can provide information on the function of the autonomic nervous system. The current pupillometers on the market are either too large to be a handheld instrument, or relatively expensive. In this study, a pupillometer based on a smartphone was designed. Both white and infrared LEDs and a 3M pixel camera of a smartphone were applied for the visual stimuli to an eye and for the acquisition of the eye images, respectively. Contrary to the existing method of pupil measurement that usually observe the variation of pupil diameter, the proposed algorithm in this study was applied to calculate the constriction ratio of the pupillary area in response to pupillary light reflex. The results showed that the constriction ratio of the pupillary area were all in the normal range (above 4.0) from the sixteen healthy participants. It is believed that the approach to pupil measurement used in this study is suitable for a mobile interface, and this system can be applied to clinical research, home-use healthcare, and distributed to some areas which suffer from problems like a lack of medical support.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제3권
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 1998

Vowels are classified by vocal tract shapes. These shapes form constriction points along the tract, which have an influence on such vocal tract resonance as $F_l,\;F_2,\;F_3$, and so on. This study reviews the perturbation theory of the tract and determines the corresponding formant frequencies from modified vocal tracts using vocal tract area function. Then, formant variation is observed from the theory. Finally, each set of $F_l,\;F_2,\;and\;F_3$ frequency is input to a speech synthesis software to make a vowel sound. Auditory impression of each sound without any modification of its vocal tract shape is almost the same as the corresponding phonetic symbol. Formant frequencies of $F_l,\;F_2,\;F_3$ vary according to the perturbation theory. Generally, constriction along the node causes formant values to decrease while constriction along the anti-node cause it to increase. Vocal tracts modified by more than $3\;cm^2$ change vowel qualities of /a/ and /i/ into those of f /v/ and /$\varepsilon$/, respectively. This study will be helpful in simulating sounds from modified vocal tracts before any operation. Further studies are desirable to compare vocal tract shapes of various languages and their sounds together.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.84-87
• /
• 2011

볼크만 구축 환자의 술 전 준비 단계에서 척골 및 요골 동맥에 대한 도플러 초음파 유도 알렌 검사를 시행하여 청각 도플러와 CT-혈관조영술에서는 확인되지 않았던 척골 동맥의 혈류 감소를 인지할 수 있었다. 저자들은 척골 및 요골 동맥에 대한 도플러 초음파 유도 알렌 검사의 유용성에 대한 인식을 높이고자, 그 증례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2022

지반내 물의 흐름은 입자 사이의 공극 분포에 의존하므로 입자의 크기를 이용한 수리학적 물성치의 예측은 정확도가 낮다. 본 논문은 Silveria의 방법을 이용하여 입도분포곡선으로부터 수축 공극크기분포를 산정하고, 포화-불포화 수리학적 물성치를 산정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 입도분포가 양호한 흙은 단봉의 공극크기분포를 보이고, 입도분포가 불량한 흙은 쌍봉의 공극크기분포를 보였다. 공극크기분포를 이용한 이론적 포화투수계수 모델식 중에서 Marshall 모델이 실내실험결과와 가장 부합되었다. 불포화토 수리해석에 필요한 함수특성곡선과 불포화투수계수에 대한 모델식을 공극크기분포를 이용하여 제안하였다. 개발된 모델식을 다양한 흙에 적용하여 수리학적 물성치의 예측에 적합한 모델을 선정하는 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.591-598
• /
• 2017

Propofol is known to cause vasorelaxation of several systemic vascular beds. However, its effect on the pulmonary vasculature remains controversial. In the present study, we investigated the effects of propofol on human pulmonary arteries obtained from patients who had undergone surgery. Arterial rings were mounted in a Multi-Myograph system for measurement of isometric forces. U46619 was used to induce sustained contraction of the intrapulmonary arteries, and propofol was then applied (in increments from $10-300{\mu}m$). Arteries denuded of endothelium, preincubated or not with indomethacin, were used to investigate the effects of propofol on isolated arteries. Propofol exhibited a bifunctional effect on isolated human pulmonary arteries contracted by U46619, evoking constriction at low concentrations ($10-100{\mu}m$) followed by secondary relaxation (at $100-300{\mu}m$). The extent of constriction induced by propofol was higher in an endothelium-denuded group than in an endothelium-intact group. Preincubation with indomethacin abolished constriction and potentiated relaxation. The maximal relaxation was greater in the endothelium-intact than the endothelium-denuded group. Propofol also suppressed $CaCl_2$-induced constriction in the 60 mM $K^+$-containing $Ca^{2+}$-free solution in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorescent imaging of $Ca^{2+}$ using fluo-4 showed that a 10 min incubation with propofol ($10-300{\mu}m$) inhibited the $Ca^{2+}$ influx into human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells induced by a 60 mM $K^+$-containing $Ca^{2+}$-free solution. In conclusion, propofol-induced arterial constriction appears to involve prostaglandin production by cyclooxygenase in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and the relaxation depends in part on endothelial function, principally on the inhibition of calcium influx through L-type voltage-operated calcium channels.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.578-584
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this experiment was to determine: (1) the safe automatic apical reverse setting that prevents overinstrumentation of the root canal, using Tri Auto ZX$^{(R)}$ and (2) the effect of various irrigant on such instrumentation. The instrumentation was carried out with the automatic apical reverse setting of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. The root canal irrigants used in usual manner were normal saline(0.9%), NaOCl(2.5%), and RC Prep$^{(R)}$. For each reverse setting and each irrigant, ten teeth were used with the total of 120 teeth. The distance between the file tip and the apical constriction was determined by stereomicroscope using the point that the file began to rotate in reverse direction. When the reverse setting mode was set to 0.5, 18 of 30 were overinstrumented. If these were discriminated by irrigant, 10 of 6 with 0.9% saline, 10 of 6 with NaOCl, and 10 of 6 with RC Prep$^{(R)}$ has the file tip located 0.57${\pm}$0.30mm, 0.73${\pm}$0.39mm, and 0.26${\pm}$0.25mm beyond the apical constriction respectively. In 1.0 setting 15 of 29 were over the apical constriction, and the distribution was 6 in saline, 5 in NaOCl, and 4 in RC Prep$^{(R)}$. The mean distance over the apical constriction was 0.28${\pm}$0.13mm with saline, 0.75${\pm}$0.61mm with NaOCl, and 0.25${\pm}$0.17mm with RC Prep$^{(R)}$. When the autoatic reverse mode was set to 1.5, and 2.0, 5, and 1 teeth were found to be overinstrumented in respective settings. But there were large variations in overinstrumented distances when an attempt was made to compare the effect of irrigants on this overinstrumentations and they were meaningless for the small sample size. When all of the autoreverse setting were combined to compare the number of overinstrumented teeth with each irrigant, there were no significant differences (14 for normal saline, 12 for NaOCl, 13 for RC Prep$^{(R)}$). When 0.5 or 1.0 automatic apical reverse setting mode was used the Tri Auto ZX$^{(R)}$ in clinical application, the possibility of overinstrumentation beyond the apical constriction exists in 55.9% of cases. Therefore 1.5 or 2.0 setting is safer for the preparation inside the canal but this type setting needs additional apical hand preparation of the root canal because the accuracy is lower than 0.5 or 1.0 setting.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 1985년도 제27회 수공학연구발표회논문초록집
• /
• pp.203-207
• /
• 1985

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
• /
• 제56호
• /
• pp.103-125
• /
• 2005

We present a new method of measuring the volume and cross-sectional area of the vocal tract from magnetic resonance images. The vocal tract was divided by the 2 constriction points on the horizontal and vertical planes. The ratios of the volumes of the segment vocal tracts to that of the entire vocal tract play a crucial role in discriminating Korean monophthongs in that vowels were successfully discriminated by the ratios. The discriminant analysis also demonstrated that the acoustic parameters F1 and F2, in addition to the segment volumes, serve as significant parameters in discriminating Korean monophthongs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 1987

Records of 15 patients who underwent operation for constrictive pericarditis at this department from 1976 through 1984 were reviewed. All had hemodynamically significant pericardial constriction preoperatively, and pericardial disease was confirmed at operation. There were 12 males and 3 females in this series. Range of age varied from 7 years to 51 years. Clinical and histological study revealed granulomatous pericarditis compatible with the diagnosis of tuberculosis in 5 patients, non-specific chronic inflammatory changes in 6 patients and pyogenic pericarditis in 2 patients. Pericardiectomy was performed through a median sternotomy [11 cases] or bilateral anterior thoracotomy [4 cases]. The postoperative complications were observed in 4 patients. Low cardiac output was the most common complication [2 patients]. In 13 cases, excluding 2 operative deaths, preoperatively all were in New York Heart Association Class III or IV. At the time of discharge II [85%] were in Class I or II. 4 Cases were reoperated after original pericardiostomy and all resulted in marked improvement. Early surgical intervention is advisable in all patients in whom cardiac constriction is caused by either a thickened pericardium or a pericardial effusion before myocardial dysfunction occurs.