• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.228-237
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we propose a normalized cross correlation(NCC)-based multiview background subtraction method which is robust when an object and background have similar color. When the background of the capturing environment is not artificially composed, the regions in the background images which would be occluded by an object tends to have difference colors. The colors of those regions, however, becomes similar when an object enters the capturing environment. Based on this assumption, this paper proposes a concept of GoNCC(Graph of Normalized Cross Correlation). GoNCC is the distribution of NCC between a pixel in an image and pixels related by epipolar constraints with the pixel. The proposed multiview background subtraction method is performed by comparing GoNCC of the current images with the background images. To reduce computational complexity, we perform multiview background subtraction only to the pixels undetermined by single view background subtraction. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more robust to color similarity between an object and background than a single-view background subtraction method and a previous multiview background subtraction method.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.520-529
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we propose the extension of the MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) header for efficient adaptation of multi-layer coded video such as scalable video coding (SVC) and multiview video coding (MVC) in the HTTP streaming. First of all, the limit of the existing TS in terms of flexible adaptation of multi-layer video is investigated, and the signaling by extending TS header is proposed to provide efficient adaptation in a TS level. The proposed extension utilizes the private data field in the adaptation field of TS header to signal scalability and/or view information, which enable us to support diverse adaptation that suits underlying constraints of client capabilities, network conditions and user preferences. In short, the extension enables adaptation of scalable video with full scalability as well as view selection of multiview video in a TS level while keeping backward compatibility with the existing TS syntax/semantics. The performance of the proposed extension is compared with the existing adaptation using PID (packet ID) in terms of efficiency and complexity of adaptation. Furthermore, the increase of TS overhead caused by proposed extension is analyzed and an extension scheme to minimized the overhead is proposed.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.33 no.9
• /
• pp.776-786
• /
• 2006

This paper proposes XML based mobile information visualization system using rectangle layout to show effectively XML based information to user on mobile devices which do not have a rich display feature. We define XML schema that can describes information in graph with cycle as well as information in tree form. It suggests using rectangle layout method that is an improvement of the traditional method of the radial layout because the specificity of the mobile display should be considered when XML information is rendered on the screen. And then, it applies DOI of fisheye view algorithm to information on the rectangle layout to represent all and user interest information. And it also suggests an effective method considering capability of mobile devices to decrease user's confusion and improve awareness of user when a user Interest target selected. The proposed information visualization system in the form of focus+context supports an effective interface for information retrieval via mobile devices, such as PDA, cellular phone and smart phone, that usually have less power of CPU than that of PC and the constraints of display and memory. In this paper, it performs experiments and makes an evaluation comparing information visualization method between the traditional radial layout and the proposed rectangle layout.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2014

This paper suggests the optimal generation dispatch algorithm for ensuring voltage stability margin considering high wind energy injection. Generally, with wind generation being installed into the power system, we would have to consider several factors such as the voltage stability margin because wind turbine generators are mostly induction machines. If the proportion of wind generation increases in the power system increases this would affect the overall stability of the system including the voltage stability. This paper considers a specific system that is composed of two areas: area 1 and area 2. It is assumed that generation cost in area 1 is relatively higher than that in area 2. From an economic point of view generation in area 1 should be decreased, however, in the stability point of view the generation in area 2 should be decreased. Since the power system is a nonlinear system, it is very difficult to find the optimal solution and the genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the objective function that is composed of a cost function and a function concerned with voltage stability constraints. For the simulations, the New England system was selected. The algorithm is implemented and Python 2.5.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.157-160
• /
• 2005

To constrain the values of the model parameters for the cosmological models involving the time-decaying $\Lambda$ term, we have computed sets of theoretical predictions for the N-m relation of galaxies as well as the CMB angular power spectrum: three types of variation, viz., ${\Lambda}{\propto} T^{-1},\;a^{-m}$, and $H^n$ are thereby assumed following Overduin & Cooperstock (1998), although we concentrate here on the discussion of the results obtained from the first type. Our results for the N-m relation indicate that the observed excess of the galaxy counts N in the faint region beyond the blue apparent magnitude 24 can be reasonably well accounted for with the value of ${\iota}$ in the range between 0.2 and 1. Furthermore, a comparison of our computational results of the CMB spectra with the observational data shows that the models with a mild degree of the $\Lambda$ term decay, viz., with the value of ${\iota}{\le}$0.4, are favorable. In this case, the age of our universe turns out to be larger than or equal to 14 Gyr, the lower limit inferred from some Uranium datings.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.671-680
• /
• 2007

The objective of this work is to reduce drag on a bluff body within a viscous flow by applying suction or injection of fluid along the surface of the body. In addition to minimizing drag, the optimal solution tends to reduce boundary layer separation and flow recirculation. When discretized by finite elements, the optimal control problem can be posed as a large-scale nonlinearly-constrained optimization problem. The constraints correspond to the discretized form of the Navier-Stokes equations. Unfortunately, solving such large-scale problems directly is essentially intractable. We developed several Sequential Quadratic Programming methods that are tailored to the structure of the control problem. Example problems of laminar flow around an infinite cylinder in two dimensions are solved to demonstrate the methodology. We use these optimal control techniques to study the influence of number of suction/injection holes and location of holes on the resulting optimized flow. We compare the proposed SQP methods against one another, as well as against available methods from the literature, from the point of view of efficiency and robustness. The most efficient of the proposed methods is two orders of magnitude faster than existing methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
• /
• 1992.07a
• /
• pp.7-19
• /
• 1992

Fish pathology is one of the main scientific bases upon which this expansion in aquaculture has been dependent and requires a wide knowledge of the environmental constraints, the physiology and characteristics of the various pathogens, the responses of the host and the methods by which they may be controlled. The primary disease and parasite problems in aquaculture animals relate to viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan epizootics. Parasitic nematodes, trematodes and cestodes are commonly found in aquaculture animals, but seldom are they present in concentrations sufficinet to cause significant problems. When an epizootic does occur and chemical treatment is indicated, the appropriate chemical must be selected and properly applied. We have antibiotics, sulfa, nitrofuran and other chemicals for treatment of fish diseases. Some may be mixed with the fred during formulation, added to the pellets of feed as a surface coating, given in the dorm of an injection or used as a bath. Even though a drug or chemical has been officially approved for use in aquaculture, the substance should never be used unless there is a clear need. Some of the reasions for this view are as follows: (1) the constant use of antibiotics can lead to the development of resistant strains of bacteria, (2) biofilter efficiency may be impaired or destroyed by chemicals added to closed recirculating water systems, and (3) the injudicious use of chemicals can have a damaging effect on the environment as well as on human.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.9B
• /
• pp.1126-1142
• /
• 2011

This paper addresses the stereoscopic 3D broadcasting technology that delivers the 3DTV contents through the digital cable networks. In order to convey the 3D contents via DCA TV network, specifications of 3D video format, compression, multiplexing, signalling and transport are to be developed. Since 3D has some constraints unlike 2D, it is required to be well designed by considering the capacity of the additional view and the backward/forward compatibility. This paper goes with the latest trends of 3D standard, requirements and service scenarios and then covers the 3D format, compression, multiplexing and signaling, service information and transport/reception technologies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2014

Clustering is one of the most popular unsupervised learning methods, which is widely used to form clusters with homogeneous data. Clustering was used to extract contexts corresponding to clusters and a classification method was applied to each context or cluster individually. However, it is difficult to say that the unsupervised clustering is the best context forming method from the view of classification. In this paper, a new clustering method considering classification was proposed. The proposed method tries to minimize classification error in each cluster when a classification method is applied to each context locally. For this purpose, the proposed method adds constraints forcing two data points belong to the same class to have small distances, and two data points belong to different classes to have large distances in each cluster like in linear discriminant analysis. The usefulness of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2016

The size of a display is large, The form becoming various of that do not apply to previous methods of gaze tracking and if setup gaze-track-camera above display, can solve the problem of size or height of display. However, This method can not use of infrared illumination information of reflected cornea using previous methods. In this paper, Robust pupil detecting method for eye's occlusion, corner point of inner eye and center of pupil, and using the face pose information proposes a method for calculating the simply position of the gaze. In the proposed method, capture the frame for gaze tracking that according to position of person transform camera mode of wide or narrow angle. If detect the face exist in field of view(FOV) in wide mode of camera, transform narrow mode of camera calculating position of face. The frame captured in narrow mode of camera include gaze direction information of person in long distance. The method for calculating the gaze direction consist of face pose estimation and gaze direction calculating step. Face pose estimation is estimated by mapping between feature point of detected face and 3D model. To calculate gaze direction the first, perform ellipse detect using splitting from iris edge information of pupil and if occlusion of pupil, estimate position of pupil with deformable template. Then using center of pupil and corner point of inner eye, face pose information calculate gaze position at display. In the experiment, proposed gaze tracking algorithm in this paper solve the constraints that form of a display, to calculate effectively gaze direction of person in the long distance using single camera, demonstrate in experiments by distance.