• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to design a research to find clinical factors involved in the decision-making process for determining the constitutional prescription based on prospective clinical data. Methods We have created a draft of the case report form. Therefore, seven constitutional experts was interviewed for additional items to be important used to determine the constitutional prescription in clinic. Interviews were done from December 2012 to March 2014, experts per person 2-3 times, took time of about 120 minutes per interview. Since then, we developed the final case report form through the expert meeting. At the same time, the developing the electronic case report form (eCRF) and the protocol to collect constitutional treatment cases was also discussed. Results & Conclusions The items of the case report form were subject general, lifestyle, health measurement, record of expert, prescription and evaluation after medication. The part of the clinical symptoms of the record of expert allowed to be recorded in the 5-point scale for the collection of quantitative data as much as possible. Assuming a re-visit of the patient, if necessary, twice the recording were to be possible. At the same time, the eCRF and the protocol to collect constitutional treatment cases were also developed. In this study, it will be able to more objectively standardize the medical decision making process that the experts of constitutional prescription decision. As a result, it will be possible to provide the standardized constitutional medical services.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.50-68
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to review the current Sasang constitutional research on obesity and to provide basic data for further development in the direction of better research. Methods Clinical research articles on obesity of the Sasang Constitutional Medicine were extracted from five database. Published year, published journals, and subjects of studies were classified. Clinical methods for the classification of Sasang type and diagnostic criteria for obesity were summarized. Results A total of 36 selected research articles were published from 1998 to 2020. And 20 articles(55.6%) have been published in Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Journal of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine. Most of the clinical study subjects were studies that identified independent factors that were correlated with obesity by Sasang constitution type. But these studies have not sufficiently reflected the distinctive characteristics of Sasang Constitution Medicine. Discussion Through this study, it was confirmed to the necessity of developing new research designs for obesity by Sasang constitution and researching on obesity treatment through improvement of symptoms by using the already developed questionnaires that have proven reliability and validity, away from the research biased towards Taeeumin and Taeeumin's prescription. If additional research based on this study is accompanied, it is expected that it can be utilized in typed obesity treatment fields.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.22-30
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• 2019

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the related factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The subjects were 187 persons diagnosed as fatty liver by abdominal ultrasonography. They were divided into three groups according to the severity of fatty liver: control, mild, moderate or severe. The three groups' general characteristics, laboratory results, liver function indexes, metabolic syndrome indexes, tumor markers, heart rate variability values and Sasang constitution distribution were compared and analyzed. Results Male ratio, height, weight, body mass index, red blood cell count, hemoglobin level and creatinine level were higher in NAFLD groups than in control group. The levels of sodium and amylase were higher in control than in NAFLD. In liver function, the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpepsidase of NAFLD were higher. In metabolic syndrome index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in NAFLD, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was higher in control. The alpha-feto protein level was higher in NAFLD, and the heart rate variability was not different between NAFLD and control groups. In Sasang constitution, Taeeumin ratio of NAFLD was higher than of control. Conclusions The results suggest that nonalcoholic fatty liver is clinically related to liver dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, tumor markers, and Sasang constitution. Further studies are needed to control nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and prevent severe disease such as cirrhosis and cancer caused by fatty liver.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 2001

The purpose of this article was to compare 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ written in 1894(Old Edition(舊本)) with that of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ published in 1901(In Edition(印本)), and to find the idea of pathologic mechanism and classification of 'the Exterior and Interior disease'. the conclusions were as follows. 1. The classification of constitutional symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin in 'Old Edition(舊本)' was almost equal to that in 'In Edition(印本)' 2. In pathological mechanism of constitutional symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin, 'The Exterior Disease' could be explained as the disease resulted from fight between 'Yang-chi(陽氣)(Hot-chi(熱氣))'of 'Thoracic vertebrae' and 'Yin-chi(陰氣)(Cold-chi(寒氣))' of 'Bladder' and 'The Interior Disease' between 'Hot-chi(熱氣)(Stomach-chi(胄氣))' of 'Stomach' and 'Cold-chi(寒氣)' of 'Large intestine'. 3. 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' could be explained as the disease occurring at the Branch portion(large portion)(標) by overcoming of Pathogenic factors but Vital energy still sufficient, and 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' occurring at Root portion(small portion)(裏) by invasion of Pathogenic factors and Vital energy almost exhausted. 4. In the classification of constitutional symptoms and disease of Taeumin, 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' in 'Old Edition(舊本)' were rearranged to 'The Exterior Disease' in 'In Edition(印本)', 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' to 'The Interior Disease'. 5. It was assumed that 'The Exterior and the Interior Disease' of Taeumin could be explained in relation between the exterior and e interior, based on the Healthy energy(保命之主) and e concept of the Branch and the Root portion

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Melasma is a common disorder that causes dark colored patches. It generally causes brown spots on the face, especially on the forehead, cheeks, and upper lips. The pattern of patches has bilateral symmetry in yellowish-brown to gray-brown colors. It is much more common in women than in men. Melasma is considered to be caused by environmental and physical constitutional factors and often occurs when a woman's hormone changes by pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptive pills. It is important to combine oriental medicine and Sasang constitutional medicine for treatment of Melasma. Normal treatment of Melasma includes warming oneself, removal of the emotional stress factors, and good nutrition.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.81-97
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk factors according to Sasang constitution. Methods A total of 1773 participants, over 40 years old, were examined as part of a community-based cohort in Wonju city in Gangwon province of South Korea, from June 2006 to August 2009. We measured bone mineral density by Achilles ultrasonometer, serum levels of lipids, fasting blood sugar, insulin and other cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure and waist circumference. Constitution was verified by a Sasang constitution specialist using the results of PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution), facial photos and a simplified Sasang constitutional questionnaire. Results The prevalence rate was 11.2% in total participants, and 10.6% in Soyangin, 10.4% in Taeeumin and 13.9% in Soeumin. In general characteristics, educational and economic property and exercise were concerned with osteoporosis. Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and total cholesterol were significantly high in osteoporosis group. Age and menopause were the key risk factors for osteoporosis. There was a significantly high prevalence in Soeumin for osteoporosis in men alone. Low physical activity was a major risk factor for osteoporosis. Waist circumference and hip circumference had significantly high odds ratio and weight had significantly low odds ratio. By Sasang constitution, Soyangin has the negative correlation with free fatty acid, Taeeumin has the negative correlation with waist circumference, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein and Soeumin has the positive correlation with body fat amount. Conclusions Regimens on osteoporosis should be considered according to Sasang constitution. Cardiovascular diseases should be considered according to Sasang constitution. Soeumin should be cautious of osteoporosis and gain weights and reasonable amount of fat food. Soyangin had better do exercise lower body and eat little food containing triglyceride. Taeeumin had better lose weights and eat little cholesterol food.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2002

An ischemic heart disease(IHD) is a anemic state of heart caused by disproportion between heart's demand and supply of oxygen. A patient who has this IHD feels serious chest pain called angina pectoris. In a keen condition it leads to a necrosis of heart muscles, known as myocardial infarction. In an ischemic heart disease the ECG waves gives us useful information of patients' heart. And CK(creatine kinase) in serum and Troponin T are the principal factors in diagnosis of IHD. In this study, the IHD patient classified by Sasang Constitutional Medicine had a notable medical effects. The symptoms of patient are disappeared and waves of ECG is closed to normal. The result of CK in serum is also recovered. So we report the healing process and results of this patient in this study.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2006

1. Objectives Nursing's meaning in Oriental medicine is prevention of disease more than treatment. The parts of defination are methods of non-medicine precisely, care of health and recuperation. 2. Methods This paper was written in order to understand of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$ written in 1894(Old Edition} through the study to focus on the Sasang Constitutional nursing theory. 3. Results & Conclusions (1) Dialectic of Sasang Constitutional nursing are necessary to assesment about four fundamental factors (perspira­tion, defecation, digestion, urination). (2) Medicational guidance are different from character, dosage of medication, degree of disease, a poisonous drug etc. (3) Preservation of health are medication and food regimen. If 'Inherent vitality' is in a disadvantageous position, recuperation is first more than medication. The most important is protectional management. There are necessary about mind of 'liquor-sex- property-authority' & 'joy-anger- sorrow-pleasure'. It is the same application as nursing.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.95-145
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• 1997

This study was performed to reveal some contrasting aspects between Sasang Constitutional Medicine(四象醫學) and Traditional Oriental Medicine(傳統 韓醫學). This aims ultimately for the unified standardization of Korea-Oriental Medicine. Suggesting the clear contrasting aspects of thse two medical system, this study might give several basic informations for ultimate achievement. As a result, some contrasting aspects were revealed as follows. 1. The interpretation of the man's status is contrasted. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine, man is interpreted as the member of the Society(天下) while in Traditional Oriental Medicine as the part of the Nature(天地). 2. The man's modeling is contrasted. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine, man is in the process of becoming as differentiating itself by the inner emotional producing. While in Traditional Oriental Medicine, man is generalized as one model according to the Nature, one great universe(天地). 3. The pathogenesis is contrasted. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine, emotional inclination is the main factor provoking the primary pathogenesis. While in Traditional Oriental Medicine the external isolated pathogenic factors such as Cold, Heat, Warm etc. are significant for the pathogenesis. 4. The evaluation of the disease is contrasted. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine all the diseases are evaluated according to the inherent condition of patient himself. But in Traditional Oriental Medicine the evaluation of disease isolated from the inheret condition of patient himself is generalized in its own system. 5. The prime method of healing, controlling, and maintaining health of the patient is contrasted. For these, the patient's spontaneous effort for adjusting his emotional inclination is important in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. While in Traditional Oriental Medicine, the external adjustment dependent on the herbal medication is the main method for healing, controlling, and maintaining health of the patient.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.9
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• pp.95-110
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• 2000

The main purpose of this study is to lay the groundwork of mutual assistance between Shanghanlun and Sa-sang Constitutional Medicine by looking into their differences and similarities in the concept and the medical treatment in the diaphoretic therapy and the purgative therapy. The study compared Shanghan Jomun quoted in Soeumin. Dongyi-Soose-Bowon with Je-ma, Lee's Theory of Medicine. And its conclusion is the following: 1. Both Shanghanlun and Sa-sang Constitutional Medicine connote the concept of pathogenic factors in the Nae-Kyung Medicine as the medicinal substances. And both of them have the fundamental structure of exterior-to-interior movements in the symptoms of disease to appear when pathogenic factors penetrate into the bodies. 2. Sa-sang Constitutional Medicine has treated the causes and the mechanism of disease in the symptoms of disease differently from other therapies: focusing on the body's constitutional symptom of disease. namely Soeumin's lack of the Yang-Qi and the poor Ascending Yang, not an attack on pathogenic factors as a interior-exterior symptom. Therefore Ascending-yang Supplying Qi, which fills up the lacking parts of the body and keeps the balance of the body fitted in one's constitution, has been used rather than the diaphoretic and purgative therapy. 3. As Shanghanlun and Sa-sang Constitutional Medicine have the similarities in the interior-to-exterior structure, pathogenic factors. and the notion of diaphoresis and purgation, they do so in the principle of the medicinal substance and the therapy. However, there are actually differences of carrying out the diaphoretic and purgative therapy and other treatments between Shanghanlun and Sa-sang Constitutional Medicine by the reason of the dissimilarities in the mechanism of disease and focal points.