• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.1819-1825
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• 2015

강력분 80%와 쌀가루 20%를 혼합한 후 검류로 HPMC, xanthan gum, guar gum, glucomannan 등을 각각 1% 첨가하여 반죽의 물성학적 특성을 분석하였다. 혼합분의 Amylograph 분석에서 호화온도는 xanthan gum 첨가구가 가장 낮았으며 유의적 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 최고점도 온도도 같은 경향을 나타냈으며, 최고점도는 xanthan gum 첨가구가 가장 높았고 glucomannan 첨가구가 가장 낮았으며 유의적 차이가 있었다. Viscograph 분석에서 호화개시온도와 최고점도는 Amylograph 결과와 일치하였으며, 유지온도와 냉각온도에서의 점도는 xanthan gum 첨가구가 가장 높았다. Breakdown은 xanthan gum 첨가구의 값이 가장 높았고 대조구와 HPMC 첨가구가 가장 낮았으며, setback은 HPMC 첨가구가 가장 높았고 xanthan gum 첨가구가 가장 낮았다. Farinograph에서 반죽의 되기는 HPMC 및 xanthan gum 첨가구가 유의적으로 높았으며, 흡수율은 glucomannan 첨가구가 가장 높았다. 반죽형성시간은 대조구에 비하여 guar gum 첨가구가 길었다. 안정도는 대조구에 비하여 HPMC와 guar gum 첨가구는 유의적 차이가 없었으나 xanthan gum 첨가구는 훨씬 짧아져 유의적 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 약화도는 대조구에 비하여 HPMC와 guar gum 첨가구는 짧아졌으나 xanthan gum과 glucomannan 첨가구는 길어졌다. FQN은 HPMC와 guar gum 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높았다. 반죽의 발효부피 분석에서 guar gum과 HPMC 첨가구의 부피가 컸고, 반죽의 pH는 HPMC 첨가구가 가장 낮았다. 이상의 실험으로 hydrocolloids가 밀가루와 쌀가루 혼합분의 paste, 반죽, 발효부피, 반죽의 pH 등에 영향을 주었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge level of pressure ulcer among hospital nurses through a cross-sectional survey by using the pressure ulcer knowledge assessment tool of Beitz et al.(1998). The total of subjects was 160 voluntary participants (60 were from Hospital A and 100 were from Hospital B) working at adult patients' units in two university hospitals located in the same city. None of the hospitals had expert nurses of pressure ulcer nor provided a regular pressure ulcer education program during the past one year. The survey tool consisted of 32 true-false items which were grouped into the risk factors knowledge category(13 items), the wound assessment knowledge category(4 items), and the treatment methods knowledge category(15 items). An internal consistency reliability test of the tool yielded an overall coefficient of 0.72; the coefficient for the risk factors knowledge category was 0.40, that for the wound assessment knowledge category was 0.33; that for the treatment knowledge category was 0.54. The main findings of the study are as follows. 1) Demographic characteristics of the two hospital nurses were similar except for the educational level(p=0.029) and the work units(p=0.001). These observations were maintained even if Hospital A and B were separately compared. 2) The knowledge level of the subjects about pressure ulcer in general was low as indicated by 53.3 points(of 100 possible points) on average. The knowledge level about treatment methods of pressure ulcer was the lowest as indicated by 47.0 points on average. 3) No correlation between the knowledge level of the pressure ulcer and the demographic characteristics of nurses was found except that the knowledge level of I.C.U. nurses was significantly higher(p=0.0003) than that of nurses in other units(p=0.2926) in the case of Hospital A. 4) The knowledge level of nurses in Hospital B was higher than for nurses in Hospital A. The reason was not identified, but it seems that it is related to the role of the I.C.U. or some other factors. The study results confirmed the existing literature that knowledge level of nurses about pressure ulcer is low regardless of age, educational level, or work experience. However, the working place(unit) affected the knowledge level. Further research on the exact reason for the differences in the knowledge level is needed in the future.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.153-169
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• 2018

Purpose Since human brains catch images faster than texts or numbers, infographics has been widely used in business in the form of "information dashboard" to enhance the efficiency of decision-making. Groupware, however, has neglected the adoption and use of infographics, in particular, in the idea generation process. Given that an overall performance of groupware-based idea generation is no better than that of the (paper-and-pencil-based) Nominal Group Technique, Jung et al. (2010) adopted the notion of infographics in the form of performance feedback to solve the productivity paradox. With the consistent results, which demonstrate beneficial effects of infographics on performance enhancement, an interesting observation that groups with the bar chart treatment performed better than groups with the dot chart treatment was made. The main purpose of this study was to find if there were a performance consistency between the outcomes from the previous study and the outcomes from the current study. Design/methodology/approach In experiment 1, we employed the same system used in the previous study (i.e., Jung et al., 2010). As individuals' contributions accumulated, the mechanism visually displayed individuals' performances two-dimensionally in the form of a bar chart or a dot chart. Then, we compared the performance outcomes from this study to the outcomes from previous study (i.e., Jung et al., 2010). In experiment 2, we modified the performance graph to test the effect of "playfulness" on performance by converting dots to car images. Then, we compared the performance outcome from experiment 2 to the outcomes from experiment 1. Findings Just like our interesting (and unexpected) finding in Jung et al.'s study (2010), the outcome confirmed a consistent superior performance of a bar chart. This implies that a bar chart is a better choice when stimulating performance with a visual aid in the context of groupware-based idea generation. Although a bar chart was criticized in a way that errors of length-area judgments are 40 ~ 250% greater than those of positional judgments along a common scale, such illusion turned out to be facilitating upward performance comparison better. Regarding Experiment 2, the outcome showed that the revised-dot graph is as good as the bar graph in terms of quantity and quality score of ideas. We attribute the performance enhancement of the resized-dot to the interaction between the motivational characteristic and the situational characteristic of playfulness because individuals in the revised-dot graph treatment performed better than individuals in the dot graph treatment. Given the order of performance (Bar >= Revised Dot > Dot) that the revised-dot treatment performed the same as (or lower than) the bar treatment, an additional research is warranted to reach to a consistent outcome.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.743-754
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• 1999

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the homecare needs of patients with cancer and to provide a basis of interventions. One hundred and two patients at one general hospital in Gyeongnam responded to a questionnaire developed on the basis of care needs perceived by nurses caring for hospitalized patients with cancer. The questionnaire was a Likert type 5 point scale with 56 items on five need categories ; 1) informational 2) physical care : 3) emotional care 4) socioeconomic care and 5) special care needs. Internal consistency of this questionnaire was Cronbach's $\alpha$＝.9101 for total items. The data was collected from March 1st to May 31th, 1998, by two graduate nurses. In the data analysis, mean & standard deviation were calculated to identify the degree of care need of each item, and the t-test & ANOVA were done to determine the effects of patients' demographic background on their care needs. The findings are summarized as follows ; 1) The mean score of total of need items was 3.048. Of the four need categories the highest score was informational at 3.4, followed by emotional care, 3.063, physical care, 2.623, and socioeconomic care, 2.599. 2) In the informational need category there were four subcategories with 19 items. Medication and pain control had the highest score, 3.755 ; second was diet and exercise, 3.613 ; third was disease and treatment process, 3.337 ; and last was personal hygiene and infection prevention at 2.687. 3) In the physical care need category there was nine items, IV infusion for nutrition and management of treatment complication was above 3.2 points and the remaining items were in the 2.847-2.070 score ranges. 4) In the emotional care need category there were seven items. The highest need was in support for relationships with health personnel, 3.673. The need for support of religions beliefs and support for having a religion were low at about 2 points. 5) In the socioeconomic care need category there were six items. Support for medical insurance expansion and financial support were above 3 points. Legal support and support for caring of children were low in the care needs. 6) In the special care need category the there were 15 items. Informational need about immunization and informational need about effects of disease on growth and development were high, above 4.1 points. Need for decubitus care and prevention, sitz bath and incontinence care were low, below 2 points. 7) There were significant differences in degree of care need according to admission rate, education level, marital status, religion and caregiver's religion. In conclusion, homecare needs perceived by hospitalized patient's with cancer was moderate, but informational need was higher than direct care need, leading to the conclusion that the provision of sufficient information to patients with cancer at discharge is needed. Nursing interventions should be developed considering the patient's background.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2001

Aim: To evaluate validity and responsiveness of four shoulder scoring systems. Material and Method: Twenty-five cases of shoulder instability(22 traumatic, 3 non-traumatic) and twenty-three cases of rotator cuff tear(12 small or medium, 10 large or massive) treated surgically were evaluated with the Shoulder Function Score of the University of Pennsylvania(Penn FS), Constant Score, UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale and Simple Shouler Test(SST), preoperatively and at final follow-up. The average follow-up was 16.0 months in instability group and 17.5 months in rotator cuff tear group. Using the SPSS program, Pearson linear correlation coefficiency(PLCC) between the scores were calculated. And to assess the construct validity, PLCC between patients' satisfaction and the scores were also calculated. Responsiveness was measured by the standardized response mean(SRM). Result: In instability group, correlation between the scoring systems was low preoperatively except between Constant and SST, but high after operation. Patients' satisfaction with the scores showed low PLCC preoperativley, but high PLCC postoperatively. SRM was high in PENN and UCLA, but when the satisfaction segment of the score was eliminated from UCLA, the SRM was the lowest. In rotator cuff tear group, there was high correlation between the scores not only preoperatively but postoperatively. And the patients' satisfaction matched well with the scores. SRM was particularly high in UCLA and SST. Even when satisfaction segment was eliminated from UCLA, the SRM was still the highest. Conclusion : Evaluation by the 4 scoring systems investigated in the study showed less consistency in instability than rotator cuff tear in terms of correlation and validity. Responsiveness was generally higher in rotator cuff tear group than in instability group except for Pennsylvania Shoulder Function Score. Therefore it is construed that use of any among the four scoring systems doesn't make difference in evaluation of rotator cuff lesions. However in instability group, care is needed because different result may be obtained according to the selection of a scoring system.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2004

실시간 데이터베이스 시스템의 트랜잭션은 마감시간과 같은 시간 제약조건을 갖는다. 따라서 트랜잭션은 마감시간 내에 완료되어야 하며 동시에 데이터 일관성 제약조건을 만족해야 한다. 빠른 평균 응답시간 제공을 목표로 하는 기존 데이터베이스 시스템과 달리 실시간 데이터베이스 시스템은 트랜잭션의 마감시간 초과 비율과 마감시간을 초과한 트랜잭션에 의해 발생되는 비용에 의해 평가된다. 따라서 실시간 트랜잭션은 공정성과 시스템 처리율의 저하를 발생시킨다 하더라도 트랜잭션의 중요도 및 마감시간에 따라 스케줄링 되어야 하고, 항상 높은 우선 순위 트랜잭션의 선행 처리가 보장되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 기존 실시간 스케줄링 알고리즘들이 갖는 문제점을 개선시킬 수 있는 새로운 스케줄링 알고리즘(Multi-level EFDF)과 펌, 소프트 실시간 트랜잭션온 고려한 병행실행제어 알고리즘(2PL-FT)을 제안한다. 또한 성능평가를 통해 2PL-FT와 AVCC방법에 대한 트랜잭션의 재시작 비율 및 마감시간 초과 비율을 비교한다. 이 실험들을 통해 제안하는2PL-FT알고리즘이 기존에 제안된 방법들보다 더 우수함을 보인다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

요침사 검사는 물리화학적 검사보다 정도관리의 표준화가 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 요침사 정도관리의 합리성을 위해 요침사 보존제인 글루타르알데히드로 요침사를 보존하여 실물을 통한 현미경 검사로 요침사 정도관리가 가능한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 2.5% 글루타르알데히드를 보존액으로 하여 표본을 제작하였다. 보존제를 처리한 검체는 1주일 간격으로 4주간 세포의 형태학적 변형을 확인하였고, 이후 4주간은 보존여부를 확인하였다. 요침사 슬라이드 제작 후 2개의 슬라이드를 제작하였으며, 하나는 냉장보관, 다른 하나는 실온 보관하여 검체의 형태학적 변형을 확인하였다. 글루타르알데히드는 요침사를 냉장 보관하여 8주까지 보존하는 효과가 있었으며, 슬라이드 제작 후에는 냉장 보관하여 3일까지 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 보존제 처리 후 슬라이드 제작하여 검사실간, 검사자간판독을 비교한 결과 낮은 일치도를 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 요침사 성분을 보존할 수 있으며, 실물을 통한 정도관리 및 교육용으로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1991

콩, 쌀, 물의 재료배합비(2:1:16($G_1$), 3:2:24($G_1$), 3:2:30($G_3$), 4:3:32 ($G_4$))와 콩의 삶은 시간(10$0^{\circ}C$에서 0분, 5분, 10분, 20분, 30분)을 달리하여 콩죽을 조리하여 최적 배합비, 기호도와 영양성분을 살펴본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 콩죽의 재료 배합비에 따른 관능적 평가에서는 맛, 점조도, 색 그리고 풍미에서 유의적인 경향을 나타내었으며(p<0.01, 0.05) 맛과 풍미에서는 $G_2$와 $G_4$가, 점조도에서는 $G_2$와 $G_3$가, 색에서는 $G_2$가 높은 기호도를 나타내어 종합적인 관능의 높은 기호도를 나타낸 재료배합비는 $G_2$였다. 또한 $G_2$와 $G_3$에 있어서 콩의 삶은 시간을 달리하였을 때에는 20분간 삶은 콩죽의 기호도가 높은 편이었다. 퍼짐성은 각 재료 배합비에 따라 $G_1$이 12.75, $G_2$가 5.85, $G_3$가 9.06, $G_4$가5.78로 나타났다. 콩죽$G_2$의 영양성분은 수분, 단백질, 지질, 회분, 칼슘, 인, 마그네슘, 티아민 그리고 리보플라빈의 함량이 콩의 삶은 시간을 달리함에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 앞으로 후속 연구는 콩죽을 조리하는 과정에서 만들어지는 두유의 영양성분과 색도가 콩죽의 영양성분과 색도에 미치는 영향 및 상관관계를 찾아보고 다양한 재료를 이용한 죽류에 대한 실험이 이루어져 가공, 편의 식품류의 소비증가에 따른 제품개발을 위한 기초자료가 마련되었으면 한다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.535-551
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was conducted to know dental service and fear after research on reliability on dentists and satisfaction on dental hygienists. Methods: This study was conducted by the 325 persons who had the experience of visiting dental medical institution. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 12.0 with T-test, ANOVA and correlation. The obtained results were as follows: Results: 1. Internal consistency of Dental Beliefs Survey(DBS) and dental hygienists satisfaction questionnaire factors were 0.758~0.908(Cronbach' alpha). And the Cronbach' alpha's coefficients of the all subscales were more than 0.6. So high reliability and validity were identified. 2. As result of analysing fear from general feature, the men feel more fear than women and more fear was felt in the case of having worse teeth status. Fear was higher in case of visiting to dental clinic than in case of visiting dental clinic for precaution. And that was statistically related. 3. Dental fear was higher in the case of having the past pain experience, insufficient anesthesia experience, experience of seeing other persons pain and this was statistically related(P<0.01)(P<0.05). 4. Average of reliability on dentists was 37.9, person who has high reliability was 81.8%, person who has low reliability was 18.2%, average of satisfaction on dental hygienists was 31.5%(Satisfaction on dental hygienists was 51.1% and dissatisfaction on dental hygienists was 48.9%). 5. Higher dentists reliability and satisfaction on dental hygienists has lower fear considering general feature and dental clinic use behavior but person who has the dental clinic to go regularly has higher dentists reliability and satisfaction on dental hygienists where, however, fear was not low. 6. As result of analyzing correlation between dental service and dental clinic use behavior, satisfaction on dental hygienists was negatively related to reliability on dentists and fear. And, reliability on dentists was positively related to fear, pain experience in dental clinic, incomplete anesthesia experience, near person pain experience(experience on seeing person in pain), which were statistically related(p<0.01). Conclusions: In relation to general features and reliability on dentists and satisfaction on dental hygienists caused by dental clinic use behavior, dental fear was decreased when reliability and satisfaction are higher. Group with low dental fear had higher reliability on dentists and satisfaction on dental hygienists than group with high dental fear but only reliability on dentists was statistically related(p<0.05).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2002

수침조건이 다른 도토리 앙금을 이용하여 묵을 제조한 후 텍스쳐 특성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. $95^{\circ}C$에서 120 rpm으로 1시간 가열하여 제조한 11% 농도의 도토리 묵을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 미세구조는 전체적으로 다공성인 망상구조를 이루고 있었으며 수침 기간이 길어지면서 겔의 망상구조 크기가 균일해지면서 치밀한 구조를 형성하였다. 도토리 묵을 50% 변형율로 측정한 TPA 특성치는 견고성(hardness)의 경우 수침 기간이 길어질수록 증가하였으며, cohesiveness와 springiness는 대구조인 0-0 시료를 제외하고는 시료의 처리 정도에 따른 차이를 관찰할 수 없었고, chewiness는 증가하였다. 또한 adhesiveness(부착성)는 나타나지 않았다. 수침 조건이 각기 다른 묵을 색깔, 견고성, 떫은맛과 종합적 기호도에 대해 실시한 관능검사는 색깔의 경우 처리 정도가 커질수록 대조구(0-0) 시료와는 뚜렷이 구분할 수 있었으며, 견고성의 경우에도 수침을 많이 할수록 증가하였으며, 떫은 맛의 경우에는 열매만을 수침 처리한 경우에는 그 차이가 크지 않았으나 앙금을 수침하는 과정에 의해 유의적으로 차이가 있었다. 종합적 기호도에서는 전반적으로 증가하였으나 수침 처리를 가장 많이 한 4-2와 4-3의 경우에는 기호도가 조금 떨어졌다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 볼 때 도토리 묵은 견고성 뿐만 아니라 약간의 갈색과 적당히 떫은맛을 갖는 것이 기호도에 있어 더 나은 점수를 받았다.