• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2000

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the sealing ability of three sealers(Sealapex, Pulp canal sealer, AH26) used with continuous wave method using an anaerobic bacterial leakage model. 53 extracted human teeth with straight and single canals were prepared with crown-down pressureless technique using .04, .06 taper Profile(Maillefer, Swiss). Master apical file was maintained as #35 K-file. All canals of the experimental teeth were obturated with continuous wave method using System B(Analytic technology, U.S.A.) The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 and two control groups of 4. Experimental group 1 was obturated with Sealapex and group 2 with Pulp canal sealer, and group 3 with AH26. A dual chamber anaerobic bacterial leakage model was assembled. Brain heart infusion with yeast extract, hemin, menadion, and the chromogenic indicator bromocresol purple was used as the culture broth for Fusobacterium nucleatum(VPI 10197), The specimens were incubated in anaerobic chamber at $37^{\circ}C$ and were observed every 2 to 3 clays, The coronal leakage was evaluated through the color change of culture broth in lower chamber for 60 days. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of bacterial leakage in group 1 (Sealapex group was 80%, 53% in group 2 (Pulp canal sealer), 27% in group 3 (AH26). 2. There were statistically significant differences in leakage scores between group 1 and group 2, and between group 1 and group 3, respectively. (P<0.05) 3. There was no significantly difference in leakage score between group 2 and group 3. (P>0 05)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.235-235
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• 2016

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.490-494
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• 1999

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the coronal leakage of obligate anaerobes into root canals obturated with two different techniques. 48 extracted human teeth with straight, single root canals were prepared with crown-down technique with Profile under copious irrigation until the master apical file was size 40. The teeth were divided randomly into experimental groups (40 teeth) and control groups (8 teeth). In the experimental groups, 20 teeth were obturated with lateral condensation and other 20 teeth were obturated with continuous wave technique with System B. Coronal leakage of two root canal filing technique was evaluated using anaerobic bacterial leakage model with Fusobacterium nucleatum(ATCC 25586) for 60 days. The results were as follows 1. The incidence of bacterial leakage of experimental groups was 65% in group 1 (lateral condensation) and 60% in group 2 (continuous wave technique with System B). This difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05) in leakage score between group 1 (lateral condensation) and group2 (continuous wave technique with System B).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.14.1-14.7
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical pressure generated by 2 endodontic irrigation needles and the GentleWave system in mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: The mesial and distal root canals of 12 mandibular molars were irrigated with a 30-gauge close-end needle or with a 30-gauge open-end needle. Procedures were performed in the mesial and distal canals. The GentleWave procedure and irrigation at 1 mm from the apex in the distal roots using an open-end needle were used, respectively, as negative and positive controls. The apical pressure was measured using a data acquisition pressure setup. Apical pressure exerted by the different needles in the 2 different canal types was statistically compared using 2-way analysis of variance. Results: Significant differences were found in the apical pressure for both needles and the canal type. The lowest values were obtained with close-end needles and in mesial canals. Negative apical pressure values were obtained using GentleWave. Conclusions: The needle and the canal type influenced the apical pressure. The GentleWave procedure produced negative apical pressure.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.13.1-13.13
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• 2022

Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of 3 reciprocating systems and the effects of 2 instruments for irrigant activation on filling material removal. Materials and Methods: Forty mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars were prepared up to size 25.06 and obturated. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) examination #1 was performed. Teeth were then divided into 4 groups (n = 10), according to the retreatment protocol: (1) manual, (2) Reciproc Blue, (3) WaveOne Gold, and (4) X1 Blue. Micro-CT examinations #2 and #3 were performed after filling removal and repreparation, respectively. Next, all teeth were divided into 2 new groups (n = 20) according to the irrigant activation protocol: XP Clean (XP Clean size 25.02) and Flatsonic (Flatsonic ultrasonic tip). Micro-CT examination #4 was performed after irrigant activation. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level set at 5%. Results: WaveOne Gold removed a significantly greater amount of filling material than the manual group (p < 0.05). The time to reach the WL was similar for all reciprocating systems (p > 0.05). X1 Blue was faster than the manual group (p < 0.05). Only manual group improved the filling material removal after the repreparation stage (p < 0.05). Both activation protocols significantly improved the filling material removal (p < 0.05), without differences between them (p > 0.05). Conclusions: None of the tested instruments completely removed the filling material. X1 Blue size 25.06 reached the working length in the shortest time. XP Clean and Flatsonic improved the filling material removal.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2012

본 실험은 왕복 회전 운동을 하는 단일 파일 시스템으로서 Reciproc과 WaveOne을 이용하였으며 glide path를 형성했을 때와 안 했을 때의 근관의 중심 변위율과 만곡도의 감소를 비교하여 새로운 단일 파일 시스템에서 glide path가 근관 성형 후 근관의 형태에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 총 40개의 모형 근관에 메틸렌블루 용액을 주입한 후 근관성형 전 이미지를 스캔 하였다. 네 개의 그룹으로 나누어졌으며 그룹 1은 PathFile (Dentsply Maillefer) #1, 2, 3 사용 후 R25 크기의 Reciproc 파일(VDW)을 사용하여 근관 성형하였다. 그룹 2는 PathFile 사용 없이 R25 크기의 Reciproc 파일을 사용하여 근관 성형하였다. 그룹 3은 PathFile #1, 2, 3 사용 후 Primary 크기의 WaveOne 파일 (Dentsply Maillerfer)을 이용하여 근관 성형하였다. 그룹 4는 PathFile 사용 없이 WaveOne 파일을 이용하여 근관 성형하였다. 파일은 모두 21 mm 길이를 사용했다. 각각의 파일을 위한 전기 모터로 Reciproc 파일은 VDW.SILVER motor (VDW), WaveOne 파일은 Waveone endo motor (Dentsply Maillefer)와 PathFile은 X-SMART (Dentsply Maillefer)를 사용하였다. 근관 성형을 마친 모형 근관을 다시 이미지 스캔 하였다. 성형 전, 후의 이미지를 Adobe Photoshop CS 3 (Adobe Systems Incorporated)을 이용하여 중첩하여 평가하였다. 중심 변위율은 Calhoun과 Montgomery에 의해 제안된 다음 공식을 사용하여 계산되었다:CR=|X1-X2|/Y. 실험 결과 근관의 만곡도가 감소하는 치근단 1, 2 mm level에서는 glide path의 형성에 따른 근관의 중심 변화율의 통계학적 유의성이 보이지 않았다. 근관 만곡 부위인 치근단 3, 4, 5 mm level에서는 glide path를 부여한 것이 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 낮은 중심 변위율을 보였다. 치근단 1 mm level에서는 Reciproc 파일이 유의성 있게 낮은 중심 변위율을 보였고, 치근단 1, 6 mm level을 제외한 모든 level에서 WaveOne 파일이 유의성 있게 낮은 중심 변위율을 보였다. 치근단 6 mm level에서는 Reciproc과 WaveOne의 차이는 관찰할 수 없었고 glide path를 형성한 그룹이 형성하지 않은 그룹에 비해 유의성 있게 낮은 중심 변위율을 보였다. 본 실험을 통해 만곡된 근관에서 근관 성형 전 glide path의 형성은 근관의 원래 형태를 유지하는데 필수적이며, 만곡된 근관에서는 WaveOne 파일 시스템의 선택이 근관의 원래 형태를 유지하는데 더 적절할 것으로 생각된다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2014

목적: Reciprocating 파일인 WaveOne과 continuous rotary 파일인 ProTaper와 ProFile로 근관 형성시 상아질 벽의 표면성상과 상아질 삭편 크기와 도말층 제거 효과를 비교하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 60개 단근치를 ProFile, ProTaper, WaveOne으로 성형 후 근관이 보이도록 grinding 하였다. 근관 성형 동안 상아질 삭편을 모아 건조하였다. Scanning electron microscope으로 상아질 삭편 크기와 근관 표면의 불규칙성과 도말층을 관찰하였다. 결과: 표면 함요부의 범위는 ProFile, ProTaper 그리고 WaveOne에서 $150{\mu}m$, $70{\mu}m$, 그리고 $80{\mu}m$의 범위 내에서 관찰되었다. 상아질 삭편의 크기는 ProFile, ProTaper 그리고 WaveOne에서 $7{\mu}m$, $6.5{\mu}m$, 그리고$4{\mu}m$의 범위 내에서 관찰되었다. 도말층은 WaveOne의 중간 1/3과 근단 1/3에서 유의하게 더 많이 관찰되었다. 결론: WaveOne은 중간 1/3과 치근단 1/3의 도말층 제거 효과를 제외하고, ProFile과 ProTaper와 근관 표면 성상과 상아질 삭편에서 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1998

Advisor: Prof. The quality of apical seal obtained with 3 different gutta-percha obturation techniques was compared in 49 recently extracted single rooted teeth. The root canals were instrumented using step-back technique and obturated with laterally condensed gutta-percha, Continuous Wave gutta-percha, and hybrid technique. Teeth were suspended in black India ink for 7 days, cleared, and then examined under a stereomicroscope at ${\times}10$ magnification. The results were as follows; 1. All experimental groups produced favorable apical seal. 2. The mean leakage was $0.23{\pm}0.25mm$ for group 1, $0.17{\pm}0.21mm$ for group 2, and $0.19{\pm}0.23mm$ for froup 3, but there was no statistical difference amoung them. Within the limits of the results of this experiment, the Continuous Wave gutta-percha obturation technique demonstrated relatively favorable apical sealing effect and shorter obturation time. Thus, it is thought that this obturation technique is a acceptable method for clinical use but further studies on this metter should be conducted.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

본 연구는 레진 블록에서 엔진구동형 Ni-Ti기구를 이용하여 근관성형 후 Buchanan plugger의 삽입 깊이에 대한 비교를 통해 임상적 상황에서 Ni-Ti 파일로 근관 성형 후 Continuous wave of condensation technique을 이용한 근관 충전시 적절한 크기의 Buchanan plugger 선택에 지침을 제공하기 위해 시행되었다. 만곡근관과 직선근관을 가진 레진 블록에서 ProTaper와 ProFile을 이용하여 근관 성형을 하였다. 성형 후 근관에 Buchanan plugger가 근관벽과 처음으로 접촉하는 부위까지 삽입한 후 그 상태에서 스캐너를 이용하여 이미지를 얻었다. 이미지 분석 프로그램을 이용해 근첨에서 plugger 첨부까지의 거리를 얻었다. 각 기구에 대한 plugger 삽입깊이에 대한 유의성을 검정하기 위해 one-way ANOVA를 시행하였고, 사후검정을 위해 Scheffe's test를 시행하였다. 본 연구의 결과 만곡되고 좁은 근관에서, ProTaper F2와 F3로 마무리 성형한 근관에서 F, FM크기의 plugger를 사용할 경우 Continuous wane of condensation technique으로 적절한 근관충전이 가능함을 시사하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2000
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• pp.108-115
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• 2000

Numerical analysis of slop stability is presented using seismic displacement, response seismic coefficient, and earthquake response analysis methods. In seismic displacement and response seismic coefficient methods, horizontal static seismic force is considered as 0.2g while vertical static seismic force is not considered in analysis. For earthquake response analysis Hahinoha-wave is applied, It is found from result that analysis using response seismic coefficient method is much more conservative than that using seismic displacement method Also, analysis result using earthquake response analysis method is somewhat less conservative about 25% when compared with that using seismic displacement method.