• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2022

문경시 산양면의 부처손 군락지는 5개의 유형으로 구분할 수 있으며, 예전에는 군락지 전체에 부처손이 군락을 이루고 자생했다고 하지만, 현재는 일부 구간에만 남아있는 것이 현실이다. 부처손 군락은 인위적인 요인과, 자연적인 요인에 의해 훼손되고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 인위적인 요인으로는 부처손이 약재, 화장용으로의 효과가 입증되어 많은 사람들이 무단으로 부처손 군락을 훼손하고 있었다. 자연적으로는 덩굴식물이 번성하여 부처손군락이 뒤덮히는 현상으로 부처손이 고사하는 경우로, 유지관리를 해 주지 않으면, 부처손 군락전체가 훼손될 위험에 처해 있는 것이 현실이다. 반면에 일부 초화류와는 공생관계를 가지고 번식해 나가고 있는 구간도 있어, 보존전략을 계획하여 실천해 나갈 필요가 있다. 부처손 군락을 보존하기 위해서는 우선 인위적인 훼손을 막기위한 CCTV의 설치가 필요할 것으로 사료되며, 반대로 휀스와 같은 시설물을 설치하면, 넝굴식물이 쉽게 타고 올라가 오히려 더 않좋은 경관이 연출될 수 있으므로, 보존구역과 회복구역, 완충구역을 설치하여 양호한 환경은 보존하고, 회복이 가능한 구역은 회복시키며, 더 이상의 피해가 없도록 보충완충구역을 설치한 것이 특징이라고 할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

The elements that determine the success of development projects on goats and the prerequisites for ensuring this are discussed in the context of the bewildering diversity of goat genetic resources, production systems, multifunctionality, and opportunities for responding to constraints for productivity enhancement. Key determinants for the success of pro-poor projects are the imperatives of realistic project design, resolution of priorities and positive impacts to increase investments and spur agricultural growth, and appropriate policy. Throughout the developing world, there exist 97% of the total world population of 921 million goats across all agroecological zones (AEZs), including 570 breeds and 64% share of the breeds. They occupy a very important biological and socioeconomic niche in farming systems making significant multifunctional contributions especially to food, nutrition and financial security, stability of farm households, and survival of the poor in the rural areas. Definitions are given of successful and failed projects. The analyses highlighted in successful projects the value of strong participatory efforts with farmers and climate change. Climate change effects on goats are inevitable and are mediated through heat stress, type of AEZ, water availability, quantity and quality of the available feed resources and type of production system. Within the prevailing production systems, improved integrated tree crops - ruminant systems are underestimated and are an important pathway to enhance C sequestration. Key development strategies and opportunities for research and development (R and D) are enormous, and include inter alia defining a policy framework, resolution of priority constraints using systems perspectives and community-based participatory activities, application of yield-enhancing technologies, intensification, scaling up, and impacts. The priority for development concerns the rainfed areas with large concentrations of ruminants in which goats, with a capacity to cope with heat tolerance, can be the entry point for development. Networks and networking are very important for the diffusion of information and can add value to R and D. Well formulated projects with clear priority setting and participatory R and D ensure success and the realisation of food security, improved livelihoods and self-reliance in the future.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2011

Marine protected Areas(MPAs) are specially designated zones of the sea that are designed to secure operation of ecosystem function and to restore marine ecosystem to the original state by excluding all detrimental human activities. MPAs have been proposed in many countries as means of realizing sustainable fisheries and recently MPAs are newly receiving attention as precautionary measure for global warming and climate change. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of MPAs as fisheries management tools through a wide range of literature analysis and to suggest necessity of fisheries purpose of MPAs in Korea. Establishment of marine protected area can accompany various economic benefits such as restoration of marine environment, preservation of habitats, promotion of marine tourism and so on. Especially, a lot of case studies suggested that MPAs may bring out benefits to the fishing industry as a result of enhanced stocks. Fisheries benefits of MPAs on targeted species include increased abundance, increased mean individual size and age, increased reproductive output, enhanced recruitment inside and outside refuge, maintenance of genetic diversity of stocks, and enhanced fishery yields in adjacent fishing grounds, so called spill-over. MPAs for ecosystem conservation and protection of coastal wetland have been applied appropriately and effectively, however, the Korean MPAs system is still detective due to absence of fisheries purpose MPAs. Finally, suggestions for Korean MPAs can be summarized as following four recommendations; to establish number of small-scale MPAs rather than few large MPAs, to designate island and its surrounding areas as reserve, to consider MPA design with stock enhancement program, and to undertake co-management with Eochon-Gye, the traditional coastal community in Korea.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권4호
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• pp.470-479
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• 2000

광주광역시(光州廣域市)의 대표적인 도시림(都市林)인 무등산(無等山)에 발달하고 있는 산림식생(山林植生)의 보전(保全)과 관리(管理)를 목적으로 식물사회학적(植物社會學的)인 방법에 의해 그 관리단위(管理單位)가 구분되고 그것의 공간적(空間的) 분포(分布)가 정밀(精密)하게 지도화(地圖化)되었다. 이 지역의 산림식생관리단위(山林植生管理單位)는 상위(上位) 21개(個) 단위(單位), 하위(下位) 10개(個) 단위(單位) 그리고 최종하위(最終下位) 9개(個) 단위(單位)로 구분되었으며, 총(總) 31개의 관리구성(管理區城)이 결정되었다. 정밀식생도(情密植生圖) 작성면적은 2,779.5ha이며, 그 중 자연식생(自然植生)이 78.9%인 2,192.0ha로 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며, 인공식생(人工植生)과 무립목지(無立木地)가 각각 5.7%인 159.1ha, 15.5%인 428.4ha로 나타났다. 자연림요소율(自然林要素率)은 타 지역의 도시림에 비교하여 볼 때 아주 높은 93.2%로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.745-751
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• 1998

The well-mixed room model has been traditionally used to predict the concentrations of contaminants in indoor environments. However, this is inappropriate because the flow fields in many indoor environments distribute contaminants non-uniformly, due to imperfect air mixing. Thus, some means used to describe an imperfectly mixed room are needed. The simplest model that accounts for imperfect air mixing is a two-zone model. Therefore, this study on development of computer program far the two-zone model is carried out to propose techniques of estimating the concentration of contaminants in the room. To do this, an important consideration is to divide a room into two-zone, i.e. the lower and upper zone assuming that the air and contaminants are well mixed within each zone. And between the zones the air recirculation is characterized through the air exchange parameter. By this basic assumption, the equations for the conservation of mass are derived for each zone. These equations are solved by using the computational technique. The language used to develope the program is a VISUAL BASIC. The value of air exchange coefficient($f_12$) is the most difficult to forecast when the concentrations of contaminants in an imperfectly mixed room are estimated by the two-zone model. But, as the value of $f_12$ increases, the air exchange between each zone increases. When the value of $f_12$ is approximately 15, the concentrations in both zone approach each other, and the entire room may be approximately treated as a single well-mixed room. Therefore, this study is available for designing of the ventilation to improve the air quality of indoor environments. Also, the two-zone model produces the theoretical base which may be extended to the theory for the multi-zone model, that will be contributed to estimate the air pollution in large enclosures, such as shopping malls, atria buildings, atria terminals, and covered sports stadia.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2010

An airbag is composed of housing assembly, door assembly, cushion assembly, and an inflator. The inflator is the essential part that generates gas for airbag. When an airbag is activated, it effectively absorbs the crash energy of the passenger by inflating a cushion. In this study, tank tests were performed with newly synthesized propellants with various compositions, and the results are compared with the numerical results. In the simulation of inflator, a zonal model has been adopted which consisted of four zones of flow regions: combustion chamber, filter, gas plenum, and discharge tank. Each zone was described by the conservation equations with specified constitutive relations for gas. The pressure and temperature of each zone of the inflator were calculated and analyzed and the results were compared with the tank test data. In the zone of discharge tank the pressure quickly rose, the pattern of pressure curve was very similar to the pressure curve of real test. And in zone 1 & 2 & 3 the mass of products was increased and decreased with time. In zone 4, the mass of products was increased with time like real inflator. From the similarity of pressure curve in zone 4 and closed bomb calculation the modeled results are well correlated with the experimental values.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

This study analyzed characteristics of natural and human environments in Chuncheon's Gongji stream, and suggested nature-friendly planning strategies for self-purification of water quality, biodiversity improvement and conservative waterfront recreation. The environmental analysis included streambed structures, floodplain soils, water quality, vegetation, wildlife, and human facilities. Natural colonization of vegetation for the middle section of the study stream was obstructed by a straightened concrete revetment of baseflow channel, and vehicle movement and concrete parking lots across the floodplain. These human disturbances also deteriorated the naturalness of the stream landscape and limited habitation of bird species. However, natural sedimented wetlands in half of the channel width for the lower section of the stream contributed to a desirable vegetational landscape and greater bird occurrence. Based on BOD measurements, water quality of the stream fell under class $II{\sim}III$ of the stream water-quality standard, but it was worse around sewage outlets due to incomplete sewage collection especially during the dry season. Dominant fish species included typical inhabitants of good water-quality streams that are tolerant of adverse habitat changes. Nature-friendly planning strategies were established based on analysis of the environmental characteristics. They focused on not merely spatial zoning and layout divided into four zones - preservation, partial preservation, conservation and use -, but close-to-nature channel revetment techniques, natural water-purification facilities, biotope diversification, and water-friendly recreation and circulation. Strategies pursued both renewal of stream naturalness and hydraulic stability of streamflow by minimizing transformation of natural channel micro-topography and biotope, and by reflecting natural traces of streambed structures such as revetment scour and sedimentation.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Commercial wind farm design tools and the national wind map are used to determine the implementation potential of offshore wind power in Korea in this study. For this, the territorial waters of Korea were divided into nine analysis regions and a commercial CFD code was used to obtain wind resource maps at 100m A.S.L. which is the hub height of a 5MW wind turbine used in this study. With the wind resource obtained, factors including water depth, distance from substations, minimum and maximum capacity of a wind farm, distance between turbines and wind farms were considered to determine wind power potential. Also, the conservation areas, military zones, ports, fishing grounds, etc. were considered and excluded. As the result, a total capacity of 6,720 MW was found to be the implementation potential and this corresponds to $3.38MW/km^2$ in API. Also if the distance from the substation is not considered, the potential increased to be 10,040 MW. This offshore wind farm potential is considered enough to satisfy the target of wind farm capacities in the 7th national plan for electricity demand and supply.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.214-224
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• 2015

The economy of India and so also of many Asian countries depends on bamboos and their uses are not only in domestic items but also in rural housing and raw materials to several industries and germplasm characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering coupled with different biotic agencies and environmental factors. Identification and genetic relationships among accessions of Thamnocalamus falconeri were investigated using morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using 51 vegetative characters and forty two 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish different genotypes hailing from different eco- zones of Garhwal Himalayas (India). The selected primers (12) were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of 79.33% polymorphism was estimated by using 12 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on binary digits i.e. presence (1) or absence (0) of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species whereas genetic relatedness was quite high based on vegetative characters. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters for both of the markers viz. morphology and RAPD belonging to 10 accessions of T. falconeri. Two major clusters were further divided into minor clusters. Cluster based on RAPD marker showed grouping of accessions of closed locality whereas analogy was reported for vegetative traits. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships studies of bamboo for breeding program.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

Landscape zones have been designated as aesthetic old town districts across a wide range of Nakakyo-Ku and Shimokyo-Ku, city center of Kyoto, Japan. In these districts in which traditional structures and new buildings coexist, regulations of restriction on acts such as new building's heights, shapes, materials, and colors are carried out according to local governmental landscape ordinance based on Scenic Conservation Act. And yet, minimal fulfillment of the regulations according to different designer's subjective interpretation and principle of economy is rather creating abnormal shapes not harmonized with the traditional landscape. Thus, this study aims to extract combinations between form elements of middle and high rise apartment facade that affects 'harmony' and 'mismatch' in the districts by clarifying the social rules commonly implied based on intuitive judgments (sensibility evaluation) in which human experiential knowledge is involved. As research methods, the study first analyzes the form elements of the facade through a field survey, sets up a standard model through tasks of classification and segmentation and draws computer graphic images with 99 different patterns based on it. Based on these images, this study carries out sensibility evaluation and analyzes experimental data applying the rough set theory. As a result of the analysis, the combinations of form elements that affect harmony or mismatch act greatly when the colors and shapes of the pillars, positions and the patterns of the use of the first floor are combined.