• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2015

It is commonly known that upper class house in Chosun Dynasty has characteristics of connecting space in combination with 'Chae' and 'Madang'. But living territory of traditional residence is connected each other by means of the necessity of dwelling life. So, it can be a fragmentary understanding about traditional houses to consider it as connecting space only from the viewpoint of visual perception. Residential space in later Chosun Dynasty is affected by practical life-style rather than building principle of 'Confucianism' due to the erosion of the caste system and the spread of the modern residential culture. So, it is necessary to consider dwelling life at that time in order to understand spatial characteristics of the residences. Researcher made an assumption that these characteristics were observed in the emerging upper class houses which appear in the process of change of the caste system rather than the traditional upper class houses. The researcher investigated connecting space from 'Bakat-ma-dang' to An-ma-dang of the emerging upper class houses in Gyong-gi province. The goal of this study is to find the properties of connecting space related to dwelling life of the emerging upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province. With this study, the followings are the characteristics of connecting space in emerging upper class houses in later Chosun Dynasty. First, 'An-ma-dang(Courtyard)' comes into close contact with 'Bakat-chae(Outer quarters)' which accommodate the complex functions, 'An-ma-dang' plays an mediating role between 'An-chae' and 'Bakat-chae' Second, 'Bakat-chae' generally encases 'An-ma-dang' which is central territories of dwelling life, and the men's area of 'Bakat-chae' considerably has opening space towards the outside. Third, 'Anmadang' plays an mediating role of male's and female's living territory, and it plays an important role in connecting space where labor forces are concentrated.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2012

In general, Euclidean minimum spanning tree is a tree connecting input nodes with minimum connecting cost. But the tree may not be optimal when applied to real world problems of three dimension. In this paper, three dimension Euclidean minimum spanning tree is proposed, connecting all input nodes of 3-dimensional space with minimum cost. In experiments for 30,000 input nodes with 100% space ratio, the tree produced by the proposed method can reduce 90.0% connection cost tree, compared with the tree by two dimension Prim's minimum spanning tree. In two dimension plane, the proposed tree increases 251.2% connecting cost, which is pointless in 3-dimensional real world. Therefore, the proposed method can work well for many connecting problems in real world space of three dimensions.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.14 no.4 s.44
• /
• pp.117-135
• /
• 2005

This paper is a study of the possibility of experience and expression in the architecture of Louis I. Kahn by focusing on the characters of entrance, court and window/wall of his public buildings. In the course of composition, Kahn defined the entrance, court and window/wall as an connecting elements and elements of boundary. The characters revealed by these elements or rooms give the clue to insight Kahn's thought of relation of interior and exterior space or inner and outer space. Following are the characters of these elements. First, a entrance reveals the fact that inner space separates from outer space by connecting these two space and giving the value to inner space as the entity and totality like outer space. The entrance gives its ontological being to human subjects not by vision but experience and expression which is the essence of commonness, that is, Silence. Kahn made the possibility of activity amplify in this common and silent space. Second, this entrance is connected with wide and huge central space not individual spaces of interior space. This extreme procedure of entering makes human subject feel sublime of intoner space. And the central spaces becomes another exterior or another world in the inner world of architecture by the lights from above and by having the boundary wall which shows same pattern of exterior wall. Third, Kahn regarded a window as the giver of lights not as the medium of vision connecting inner space with outer. He tried to connect interior with exterior through the being and character of the light expressed in the interior. And in his buildings, interior space is connected with exterior by expressing the purpose of building, composition of inner space, structural truth and construction facts through the Form, a pattern of wall, details and ornamental joints. By practicing this thoughts in the real buildings, Kahn tried to gave aura to both the interior space and entity of architecture which is regarded as micro universe like flowers, rocks and human beings.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.767-776
• /
• 2019

In this article, a simple and robust multi-objective assessment method to control design angles and node positions connected among steel outrigger truss members is proposed to approve both structural safety and economical cost. For given outrigger member layouts, the present method utilizes general-purpose prototypes of outrigger members, having resistance to withstand lateral load effects directly applied to tall buildings, which conform to variable connecting node and design space deposition. Outrigger layouts are set into several initial design conditions of height to width of an arbitrary given design space, i.e., variable design space. And then they are assessed in terms of a proposed multi-objective function optimizing both minimal total displacement and material quantity subjected to design impact factor indicating the importance of objectives. To evaluate the proposed multi-objective function, an analysis model uses a modified Maxwell-Mohr method, and an optimization model is defined by a ground structure assuming arbitrary discrete straight members. It provides a new robust assessment model from a local design point of view, as it may produce specific optimal prototypes of outrigger layouts corresponding to arbitrary height and width ratio of design space. Numerical examples verify the validity and robustness of the present assessment method for controlling prototypes of outrigger truss members considering a multi-objective optimization achieving structural safety and material cost.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2015

This paper analyses connecting space of the 'ㅁ' shaped houses from Chosun Dynasty, Korea. Houses are reflected by various factors such as shapes, locations and territoriality by the social class system. Because of their spatial arrangements, 'ㅁ' shaped houses might have various planning approaches. This paper looks at Sarang-chae and An-chae, which are the common elements of the houses, and analyses their architectural characteristics in spatial arrangements and territoriality. The territoriality was formed by the combination of Chae and Madang. The spatial arrangement was formed by the social norms of its time. Hengrang-chae and Dam-jang, which were located in-between Chae and Madang, limit territoriality by providing privacy and interrupting the circulation.

• 건축구조
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2007

Underground space development is more active on the latest date. Currently, we construct an connecting tunnel Euljiro underground shopping-area in seoul. we select DSM, considering geological condition and construction efficiency. The numerical analysis is performed with PENTAGON-3D and MIDAS CIVIL This paper will introduce the Earth Tunnel Method and make an examination possible to apply downtown weak ground.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.527-535
• /
• 2004

As urbanization has been expanded in Korea, open spaces, such as urban parks and public sites, have been utilized for other uses, and then this bring out environmental changes for the worse. It is expected that these changes become more serious problems due to overpopulation, increasing individualism, and development of transportation. This research base on the consideration of connecting between decreasing urban green spaces and distributed green sites so as to build the substantial plan for the Green Network construction for urban heat island mitigation in Dalseo district, Daegu Metropolitan City. The result were as follow; 1) Connecting existing natural sites to the remained parks green zone made an Ideal form of Green-Network system. 2) Some school sites were selected for usable open spaces in order to build Green-Network system, and the plan connecting together with exist natural sites was suggested. 3) Moreover, the scheme of planting on the road spaces for connecting green spaces was proposed. 4) The devices of planting on the urban riverside for enhancing the role of urban stream to form green network was conceived.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.18
• /
• pp.96-102
• /
• 1999

This study is about the spatial organization of Korean houses designed by architects. It is focused on the characteristics and transformation of spatial organization of houses designed since 1970. The variety and regularity of organization existed at the spatial structure of Korean houses are analysed through typological theory. In this study, the connecting methods between rooms appeared in the plans of 190 detached houses are analysed and classified chronologically. The connecting methods of space between L-D-K, between living room and master bedroom are analysed. And the methods of spatial division inside of master bedroom are also analysed. As a result of the analyses, it is clear that the spatial organization of architects' houses turns its direction from the concept of 'unifying and clustering' to that of 'dividing and segregating' . In contrast to the 70s, there shows a strong diversity in the connecting methods after the 80s with adaptation of the 'language of linear plan' using many forms of intermediary elements between spaces. This result would be relative to the changing trend of design philosophy and the changing tendency in the relationship between the inside and outside space of house.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2011

Spatial perception and spatial structure that focus on psychological effects produce a real force through the medium of space that can control human actions, even their psychology. The job of understanding the characteristics and effects of architectural spaces that recognize the relationship between architecture and human beings, including the psychological dimension, is an alternative search for quality spaces that can increase the mutual relationship between space and human beings. This paper introduces two propositions called "space" and "psychology" in order to discover a meta-pattern connecting space and the human mind with the aim of systematizing that internal network and establishing a new architectural system concerning space and human beings. This paper also proposes a method of accessing physical spaces that can affect psychological states through a conceptual substitution called "extension," with the aim of discovering the implications inherent in such extensive relationships and proposing a methodology of organizing psychological spaces based on the characteristics of that extensive connection. The means of extensively connecting psychological spaces were classified into the three categories of memory system, sensory system, and motor system, and their corresponding extensive connection characteristics called "simultaneous relativity," "non-mediated immediacy," and "purification process" were also derived. These characteristics accelerate the changes in psychological intensity and function as principles that organize psychological space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2017

This study has a purpose that definitize correlationship of spatial structure and sales strategies in mixed-use complexes which established in Korea since year 2000. For this purpose, this study tries to analysis spatial structure of mixed-use facilities through space syntax theory and makes an typological categorization based on their space composition. As a result of categorization, Korean mixed-use facilities can be classed as three types. First type is integrated stacking type. Second one is parallel connecting type. Third type is room to room type. According to differences between categories, their spatial structures show different meaning with different sales strategies. Integrated stacking type sales luxury brands and expensive stuffs and it also has deep and complicated structure. That means theses spaces usually make a strategy of exclusion. Parallel connecting type sales special categories and it also has shallow and easy spatial structure. That means these facilities want to make a smooth connection between apposed volumes. Room to room type sales cheap and fancy objects and it also has simple and shallow structure. That means simple spatial structure can be lead contact customer to stuffs. These results mean spatial structure have a effect on design of sales space.