• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.62-62
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• 1998

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.172.1-172
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• 2001

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.806-815
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• 2018

This study was performed to isolate some strains of Bifidobacterium breve from fecal materials of neonates and to screen them for the biotransformation activity of converting linoleic acid into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Fecal samples were collected from twenty healthy neonates between 14 and 100 days old, and four hundred colonies were randomly selected from a Bifidobacterium selective transoligosaccharide medium. A duplex polymerase chain reaction technique was developed for the rapid and accurate molecular characterization of the B. breve strains that have been reported to show the species-specific characteristic of CLA production. They are identified by 16S ribosomal DNA, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase encoding genes (xfp), and rapid pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Thirty-six isolates were identified as B. breve, and just two of the 12 neonates were harboring B. breve strains. Each isolate showed different CLA-producing ability in the spectrophotometric assay. All of the positive strains from the primary spectrophotometric assay were confirmed for their CLA-producing activities using gas-chromatographic analysis, and their conversion rates were different, depending on the strain isolated in this study. Some strains of B. breve were successfully isolated and characterized based on the CLA-producing activity, and further studies are necessary to characterize the enzyme and the gene responsible for the enzyme activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.537-541
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• 2004

Based on reaction time and substrate molar ratio, structured lipid (SL-corn) was produced at 1:2:2(corn oil/capric acid/CLA) and 4% immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RM IM). Reaction was carried out for 24 hr at $55^{\circ}C$ in 1-L stirred-batch reactor. After reaction, 13.3 mol% capric acid and 8.9%, CLA were incorporated into corn oil. Iodine and saponification values of SL-corn were 68 and 202, respectively. Tocopherol content decreased after reaction (about 39%). SL-corn showed more yellowish color than corn oil (p<0.05). Reversed-phase HPLC indicated triacylglycerol species containing capric acid in SL-corn resulted in faster crystallization than that of corn oil.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2015

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a family of isomers of linoleic acid. CLA increases growth arrest and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells through an isomer-specific manner. ATF3 belongs to the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors and is associated with apoptosis in colorectal cancer. The present study was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which t10, c12-CLA stimulates ATF3 expression and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. t10, c12-CLA increased an apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells in dose dependent manner. t10, c12-CLA induced ATF3 mRNA and luciferase activity of ATF3 promoter in a dose-dependent manner. The responsible region for ATF3 transcriptional activation by t10, c12-CLA is located between -147 and -1850 of ATF3 promoter. mRNA stability of ATF3 was not affected by t10, c12-CLA treatment. t10, c12-CLA increases $GSK3{\beta}$ expression and suppresses IGF-1-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt. The knockdown of ATF3 suppressed expression of $GSK3{\beta}$ and NAG-1 and PARP cleavage. The results suggest that t10, c12-CLA induces apoptosis through ATF3-mediated pathway in human colorectal cancer cells.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 2013

Conjugated linoleic acid methylester was synthesized through isomerization of linoleic acid methylester by using heterogeneous catalysts. As for heterogeneous catalysts, Ni supported zeolite type catalysts were used. H zoelite Y (HY) were ion exchanged with KCl aqueous solution to synthesize K zeolite Y (KY), and with impregnation method, Ni supported zeolite catalysts were synthesized. Catalysts were used after pre-treatment by using hydrogen. HY catalysts showed a high conversion at low temperatures; but a low selectivity for conjugation reaction. KY catalysts showed a low conversion at low temperatures; but a similar conversion with HY catalysts at high temperatures while a high selectivity at low temperatures. As a result, 4 wt% Ni/KY720 recorded the high conjugation yield of 63.4% at 220.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1165-1170
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• 2003

A total of 250 laying hens were fed a diet containing 0, 1, 2.5 or 5% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and 5% Safflower seed oil (SSO) for 5 weeks, and eggs were collected by week to analyse lipid characteristics of egg yolk. Egg yolk from CLA-fed groups showed significant increase in CLA content with increased CLA in the diet. Dietary CLA also increased the ratio of saturated fatty acids and decreased unsaturated fatty acids in the egg yolk. The proportion of myristic, palmitic, stearic and CLA were increased, while those of oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acid were decreased. The cholesterol content in egg yolk was significantly decreased by dietary CLA for 5 weeks feeding. After 7 days of feeding, 5% CLA-fed group showed the lowest cholesterol content in egg yolk. CLAfed groups showed significantly lower 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to control and SSO-fed group after 14 days of storage. No significant differences in TBARS values among CLA-fed groups were observed at the 28 days of storage. Results suggested that lipid oxidation of egg yolk during cold storage could be inhibited by dietary CLA due not only to changes in fatty acid composition but also to the high concentration of CLA in egg yolk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.565-569
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• 1993

Antioxidative activity of browning product(BP) fractionated from fermented soybean sauce(SS) was studied during the oxidation process of linoleic acid mixture system. SSBP was a powder type product prepared from fermented soybean sauce by the fractionation through the Sephadex G-10 column and freeze drying of collected fraction. The aqueous model systems were used for the evaluation of antioxidative activity of SSBP during the oxidative reaction at $50^{\circ}C$ by the determination of peroxider and conjugated dienoic acid compounds. The linoleic acid mixture for the aqueous model systems was consisted of linoleic acid(64.6%), oleic acid(27.4%), and other acids in ethanolic phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.0). SSBP had a considerable antioxidative activity with the inhibition of formation of peroxides and conjugated dienoic acids during the autoxidation of linoleic acid mixtures in aqueous model systems. Antioxidative activity of SSBP was relatively higher than SS, however, lower than ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and butylated hydroxyanisol. The antioxidative effect of SSBP was increased by the its concentrations from 0.05% to 0.5% in the oxidation reactions of aqueous model systems. Therefore, SSBP was considered as one of the potential natural antioxidants for the use of food products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1233-1241
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• 2020

Objective: The present investigation was aimed to explore the potential of lactobacilli for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production, isolated from rumen fluid samples of lactating goats. Methods: A total of 64 isolates of lactobacilli were obtained using deMan-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar from rumen fluid of goats and further subjected to morphological and biochemical characterizations. Isolates found as gram-positive, catalase negative rods were presumptively identified as Lactobacillus species and further confirmed by genus specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The phylogenetic tree was constructed from the nucleotide sequences using MEGA6. Results: Out of the 64 isolates, 23 isolates were observed positive for CLA production by linoleate isomerase gene-based amplification and quantitatively by UV-spectrophotometric assay for the conversion of linoleic acid to CLA as well as gas chromatography-based assay. In all Lactobacillus species cis9, trans11 isomer was observed as the most predominant CLA isomer. These positive isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene-based PCR sequencing and identified to be different species of L. ingluviei (2), L.salivarius (2), L. curvatus (15), and L. sakei (4). Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that lactic acid bacteria isolated from ruminal fluid samples of goat have the potential to produce bioactive CLA and may be applied as a direct fed microbial to enhance the nutraceutical value of animal food products.