• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2002

This study was designed to observe the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body fatness, fat cell sizes and leptin levels in male Sprague Dawley rats. Following weaning, forty rats were divided into 4 groups beef tallow (BT), fish oil (FO). beef tallow with CLA supplementation (BTC), and fish oil with CLA supplementation (FOC) group. For four weeks, all rats were fed experimental diets containing 12％ of total dietary fat (w/w) with or without 1％ CLA. After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed; the total carcass fat, plasma leptin levels, epididymal fat pad weights and fat cell sizes in adipose tissue were measured. CLA supplementation did not significantly affect the rat's body weights, total body fat, epididymal fat pad weights, and fat cell sizes. CLA also did not have a significant effect on plasma leptin levels. These results suggest that CLA supplement was not an effective way to reduce the body weights of male Sprague Dawley rats.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.381-388
• /
• 2011

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) play key roles in lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the effect of CLA on the transcriptional activity of TR4, an orphan nuclear receptor that plays an important role in lipid homeostasis. CLA increased TR4 gene mRNA level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but inhibited TR4 transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. TR4 induced perilipin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating perilipin promoter activity. In a gel shift assay, TR4 bound direct to the putative TR4 response element in the perilipin promoter. Interestingly, CLA reduced the interaction between TR4 and consensus DR1, a well-known TR4 binding site. Additionally, CLA inhibited TR4-induced perilipin promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that CLA may play a role in lipid homeostasis in adipocytes by functionally regulating TR4.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.389-394
• /
• 2000

CLA의 glycerol 유도체를 화학적으로 합성하였다. CLA-Cl(1.79 mmole), glycerol(0.6 mmole)과 pyridine (1.3mL)를 25C에서 8시간 반응시켰다. 이 반응물을 SGCC와 TLC를 이용하여 CLA의 glycerol 유도체를 분리하고 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, MS를 이용하여 분리된 유도체를 동정하였다. 이 실험조건하에서 사용된 CLA의 59.4%가 CLA의 glycerol 유도체(CLA-TG, CLA-DG, CLA-MG)로 전환되었다. CLA의 glycerol 유도체 중 CLA-TG는 52.1%, CLA-DG는 17.0%, CLA-MG는 30.9%였다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
• /
• pp.52-53
• /
• 2001

The dietary effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of various tissues were studied in young chicks. Chicks were fed one of four diets containing 6% tallow (TO), 4% TO-2% CLA, 2% TO-4% CLA or 6% CLA for 3wks. There were no differences in growth performances, but relative liver weight in chicks fed dietary CLA up to 4% was significantly higher than that of 6% TO group. The concentrations of various lipid fractions in serum were not affected by CLA feeding. With the increase in dietary CLA levels, total CLA in liver and leg muscle increased linearly.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.326-330
• /
• 2008

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) were identified in 1980's, since then it has been intensively studied due to its various beneficial health effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-diabetic/obesity effects. Isomer specificity of a number of CLA isomers, especially predominant isomer 9Z,11E- and 10E,12Z-CLA, is now recognized. However, the less prevalent CLA isomers have not been well characterized. Recently, studies have reported the distinctively different effects of 9E, 11E-CLA in colon cancer cells, endothelial cells, and macrophage cells compared to the rest of CLA isomers. In this review, various effects of CLAs, especially anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects, will be discussed with focusing on the isomer-specific effects and potential mechanism of action of CLA. At last, recent studies about 9E,11E-CLA in in vitro and animal models will be discussed.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권8호
• /
• pp.965-973
• /
• 2017

CLA는 탄소가 18개(C18)인 linoleic acid의 이중결합이 C9,C11; C10,C12 위치로 이동됨으로 생성되는 입체이성(c,c; c,t; t,c; t,t)체를 총괄적으로 일컷는 말이다. 이론적으로 가능한 이성체 중에서 c9,t11-CLA가 rumen bacteria, lactic bacteria, 버섯균 등의 linoleate isomerase에 의해 linoleic acid로부터 생합성된다. 그러나 linoleic acid를 알카리 이성화로 합성한 CLA에는 이론적으로 가능한 모든 CLA 이성체가 존재한다. 그 중 c9,t11-CLA와 t10,c12-CLA가 약 45%씩 동일량 존재한다. CLA가 1939 년 linoleic acid의 elaidinization 반응에서 처음으로 소개되었으나 그 이후에는 과학적인 이용가치가 없어 과학자들의 관심의 대상이 되지 않았다. 그러나 1987년에 CLA가 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)으로 유도한 mouse skin carcinogenesis에서 항암성이 있다는 보고 이후 CLA에 관한 연구는 급속도로 증가하여 현재까지 약 6,100 연구논문이 발표되었다. CLA와 c9,t11-CLA 및 t10,c12-CLA 이성체는 in vitro와 in vivo에서 항암성, 항당뇨성, 항혈압성, 항동맥경화성, 면역증강성, 항산화성, 체지방감소성, testosterone 생산성 등의 생물학적 기능이 갖는다고 밝혀졌다. 이들 생리활성에 c9,t11-CLA와 t10,c12-CLA가 in vitro와 in vivo에서 다른 활성을 보이고 있다. 특히, 합성 CLA에 소량 혼합되어 있는 t,t-CLA가 carcinogen으로 유도한 동물모델이나 암세포에서 다른 이성체 보다 강한 항암성을 보이는 결과는 앞으로 더 많은 연구의 대상이 될 것이다. 본 총설에서는 CLA 관련 연구가 시작된 1939년부터 현재까지의 CLA 연구 트렌드를 살펴보고 밝혀진 주요 기능성을 보고한다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2007

홀스타인 건유우의 반추위에서 분리한 혼합 곰팡이에 첨가한 linoleic acid가 biohydrogenation 과정 중 생산되는 지방산의 농도와 종류를 측정하고, 최종 산물로 생산되는 지방산이 trans-11 vaccenic acid인지 stearic acid인지 조사하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 반추위 혼합 박테리아 배양구에 linoleic acid 용액을 첨가한 결과, 배양 90분 이내에 100%의 linoleic acid가 stearic acid로 biohydrogenation되었다. 반면에 linoleic acid 용액을 반추위 혼합 곰팡이에 첨가한 결과 24시간 이내에 모든linoleic acid는 conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11)와 trans-11 vaccenic acid로 biohydrogenation되었다. Linoleic acid가 함유된 혼합곰팡이 처리구는 배양시간이 증가할수록 stearic acid의 농도도 소량 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 linoleic acid가 함유되지 않은 혼합곰팡이 대조구에서도 배양시간이 증가할수록 stearic acid 농도가 처리구와 비슷하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 혼합 박테리아의 linoleic acid 첨가구에서는 배양시간이 증가할수록 stearic acid의 농도가 급격하게 증가하는 것을 조사되어 반추위 혼합곰팡이의 stearic acid생산은 linoleic acid의 biohydrogenation과 무관하게 생산되는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 반추위 혼합 곰팡이에 의한 linoleic acid biohydrogenation의 최종 산물은 trans-11 vaccenic acid로 판단되며, 혼합 박테리아는 stearic acid로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2006

CLA를 이용한 고품질 기능성 육계의 생산 가능성을 알아보기 위해 첨가수준과 급여기간에 따른 부위별 CLA 축적율과 지방산 조성 및 지방산패도를 분석하였다. CLA 축적율은 첨가수준이 증가할수록 유의적으로(P<0.05) 증가하였으며, 급여기간에 따라서도 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 급여 1주와 급여 2주 및 3주의 비교에서 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다. CLA 첨가수준에 따른 포화지방산은 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, 불포화 지방산은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 CLA와 가장 비슷한 구조를 가지고 있는 linoleic acid(C18:2)는 CLA 함량이 증가한 만큼 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. CLA 첨가수준에 따른 지방산패도의 변화는 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 낮게 나타났으며, 대조구에 비해 처리구가 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결론은 근육내 CLA 축적을 극대화 시키기 위한 최적의 급여기간은 1주이며, 지방산패도의 효과적인 억제를 위해서 첨가수준 4.8%가 가장 적합하다는 것을 나타낸다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.367-374
• /
• 2001

Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) is a naturally occuring group of derivatives of linoleic acid found in beef and dairy products. CLA has reported to reduce body fat. This study was designed to observe the effect of CLA supplementation on fat accumulation and degradation in male Sprague Dawley rats. Seventy two rats, weighing 150-180g, were divided into 2 groups according to the types of dietary fat(beef tallow or fish oil) and then each group was divided into 2 groups depending on CLA supplementation, i.e., BT, BT-CLA, FO, FO-CLA. All rats were fed experimental diet containing total fat at 12%(w/w) including CLA at 1% for 30 weeks. At 30 weeks, rats were sacrificed to measure TG, free fatty acid level in plasma, TG, lipogenic enzymes in lever and fat cell size, LPL and HSL activities in epididymal fat fad. Fish oil supplemented with CLA diet showed significant reduction in the food efficiency and weight in 30 weeks-fed rats. CLA supplement did not effect on plasma TG, hepatic TG levels and lipogenic enzymes activities in rats, but, fish oil significantly reduced, The LPL and HSL activities did not affected by CLA supplement and n-3 fatty acid rich fish oil. In conclusion, the results suggest that CLA supplement was not a proper way to reduce the fat accumulation in Sprague Dawley rats. Fish oil supplemented with CLA might better way to reduce the body fatness than fish oil itself. Therefore, It is recommended that further study be performed related to physiological and biochemical effects of CLA supplementation and n-3 fatty acid in rats for the reduction of body fatness.(Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 367∼374, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.280-286
• /
• 2003

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consists of several geometric isomers of linoleic acid. CLA is found in foods derived from ruminants and exhibits strong anticarcinogenic effects in a variety of animal models. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in cancer progression. Specifically, MMP-2 and -9, which hydrolyze the basal membrane type IV collagen, are involved in the initial breakdown of collagen and basement membrane components during tumor growth and invasion. However, the effects of CLA on cancer cell motility and MMP expression and activity are not currently well known. Therefore, the present study examined whether CLA reduces the activity of MMP and cell motility in SW480 and SW620 cells, the human colon cancer cell lines. Gelatin zymography and Western blot analysis revealed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced the activity and protein expression of Mr 92,000 MMP-9 in both cell lines. To examine whether CLA inhibits the MMP activity, cells were incubated with 100 ngfmL PMA in the presence of various concentrations of CLA. PMA-induced MMP-9 activity was decreased by 20 $\mu$ M CLA in SW480 cells, and by 10 $\mu$ M and 20 $\mu$ M CLA in SW620 cells. Results from the Hoyden chamber assay showed that cell motility was increased by PMA and that PMA-induced cell motility was significantly decreased by 20 $\mu$ M CLA in SW480 cells. These results indicate that CLA may reduce the motility and MMP activity in human colon cancer cells.