• 축산식품과학과 산업
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2014

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3395-3403
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• 2016

Conjugated linoleic acid, a functional lipid, produced from Lactobacillus plantarum (LP-CLA), has been demonstrated to possess apoptotic activity. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic potential of LP-CLA was here evaluated in vitro using the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line as a model system. Proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was inhibited with increasing concentrations of LP-CLA with altered morphological features like cell detachment, rounding of cells and oligonucleosomal fragmentation of DNA. Flow cytometry confirmed the apoptotic potential of LP-CLA by ANNEXIN V/PI double staining. Furthermore, outcome results indicated that the apoptosis was mediated by downregulation of the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway which in turn acted through proteasome degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, inhibition of p65 nuclear translocation, release of cytochrome-C from mitochondria and finally overexpression of Bax protein. Thus, conjugated linoleic acid, a natural product derived from probiotics, could therefore be a possible potential chemotherapeutic agent due to its apoptotic activity against estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.738-743
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• 2013

리놀레산과 그 대사체는 여러 가지 다양한 약리 효과를 나타내고, 카복실산 작용기를 갖는 물질이다. 일반적인 카복실산 화합물들은 간에서 UGT Glucuronosyl transferase 효소에 의해서 글로쿠론산이 결합된 대사체의 형태로 발견된다. 결과적으로 리놀레산 대사체들의 잠재적인 대사체로 이 화합물들의 글루쿠론산 결합화합물들이 될 수 있다. 선행 연구를 통하여 리놀레산의 대사체로 알려진 두 종류의 에폭사이드 대사체와 두 종류의 다이올 대사체에 글루쿠론산의 결합 반응을 통하여 네 종류의 잠재적인 리놀레산 대사체들을 합성하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.693-702
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a commercially viable method for synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) using the linoleic acid fraction obtained from six pork by-products (liver, lung, heart, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine). The workflow of CLA synthesis from each by-product was as follows: washing${\rightarrow}$crude fat extraction${\rightarrow}$fractionation into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids${\rightarrow}$repeat unsaturated fatty acid fractionation${\rightarrow}$CLA synthesis. Cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10, cis-12 CLA was synthesized from pork by-products. The yield of CLA synthesis of pork by-products ranged from 1.55 to 11.18 g per 100 g of by-products. The amount of synthesized CLA was the highest in the small intestine and large intestine by-products. Fractionation of pork by-products nearly doubled the yield of CLA. We suggest that commercial fractionation methods could increase the yield of CLA at low cost, reduce waste, and improve the efficiency of by-product utilization.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the immunopotentiative effects of conjugated linoleic acid on mice immunosuppressed by administratin corticoids. Mice were divided into four groups of 8 mice. Two groups (C, CP) were given diet supplemented with 1% linoleic acid (CLA) and the other two groups (L, LP) were given diet supplemented with 1% linoleic acid (LA) instead of CLA. Prednison was administered to two groups (CP, LP) for immune depression. After feeding diets for 3 weeks containing PDS injection for last 1 week. Serum and gut lumen lavage were taken. Measurement of total Ig were executed using sandwich ELISA. Serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM showed some trend which groups fed with CLA were higher than groups fed with LA while IgE was reduced in those fed the CLA intake, and groups administered with PDS were lower than groups administered with saline. However, no significant differences were seen in the proportion of total immunoglobulin in serum. In case of secretory IgA, Group C and CP were significantly higher than group L and LP. Especially between CP and LP, it can be seen effects of CLA. In addition that the CLA treated group weighted a significantly lower level than the one's that have not been treated with CLA. These result support the view that CLA potentiate the immune response and prevent immune depression caused by administrating of corticoids. In conclusion, CLA produced a situation favorable for immunopotentiative effects. Thus, the clinical application of CLA is warranted.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2000

A simple and rapid method was developed to prepare a large quantity of highly pure conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) chemically-synthesized from safflower seed oil (SSO). CLA-SSO(74.9% in purity) was synthesized from fresh SSO(79.9% of linoleic acid) by alkaline isomerization at 18$0^{\circ}C$. Urea(50g) and CLA-SSO (25g) were completely dissolved in ethanol (750ml) using a water bath(5$0^{\circ}C$) and followed by refluxing for 60 min. The resultant was cooled to room temperature and stored in a cold room (4$^{\circ}C$) for 24hrs. After removing the urea adduct by filtration, the filtrate was rotoevaporated under 4$0^{\circ}C$ and the residue was dissolved in hexane (200ml). The hexane extract was washed with distilled water (100ml$\times$3) and dried over sodium sulfate anhydrous. This urea treatment procedure was repeated three times. The purity of CLA recovered from the hexane extract was 95.0%. This method can be applied to prepare a large quantity of highly pure chemically-synthesized CLA (>0.5kg/a batch) from any plant oils containing high percentages (>70%) of linoleic acid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2003

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (LA) and exhibits anticarcinogenic activity in a variety of animal models. We have previously observed that CLA inhibited the growth of Caco-2 cells, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. The present study was performed to determine whether the growth inhibitory effect of CLA is related to change in secretion of IGF- II and/or IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that have been shown to regulate Caco-2 cell proliferation by an autocrine mechanism. Cells were incubated in serum-free medium with various concentrations of CLA or linoleic acid (LA). Immunoblot analysis of 24-hours, serum-free, conditioned medium using a monoclonal anti-IGF-IIantibody revealed that Caco-2 cells secreted both mature 6,500 Mr and higher Mr forms of pro IGF-II. The levels of pro IGF-II and mature IGF-IIwere decreased by 43 $\pm$ 2% and 53 $\pm$ 6%, respectively by treatment with 50 $\mu$ M CLA. LA slightly increased pro IGF- II levels. Results from Northern blot analysis showed that CLA decreased IGF-II mRNA levels at 50 $\mu$ M concentration suggesting that CLA regulation of IGF-II protein expression occurs partly at the transcriptional level. Ligand blot analysis of conditioned media using 1251-IGF-II revealed that CLA slightly decreased IGFBP-2 levels and increased IGFBP-4 levels. We confirmed our previous results that CLA inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner but LA slightly increased cell growth. Exogenous IGF-II mitigated the growth inhibitory effect of CLA. These results indicate that the growth inhibitory effect of CLA may be at least in part mediated by decreasing IGF-II and IGFBP-2 secretion and increasing IGFBP-4 secretion in Caco-2 cells.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1243-1246
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• 1998

시판되는 우유 15종, 요쿠르트 16종, 치즈 5종에 대하여 항암성분으로 알려진 CLA 함량을 분석하였다. 우유와 치즈 중 CLA 함량은 지방질 g 당 각각 $4.10{\sim}2.24\;mg$ 및 $5.78{\sim}3.69\;mg$ 였으며, 제품간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 요쿠르트 중의 CLA 함량은 지방질 g 당 $4.54{\sim}0.13\;mg$ 이었으며, 탈지유로 제조한 것은 원유로 제조한 것에 비해 그 함량이 낮았다. 낙농제품 중 CLA함량과 특정 지방산 함량과의 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 하였다. 3가지 낙농제품에서 CLA 함량은 oleic acid 함량과는 정의 상관관계가, linoleic acid 함량과는 부의 상관관계가 각각 있었다. 우유 중의 CLA 함량은 linolenic acid 함량과 정의 상관관계가 있었으나 치즈와 요쿠르트 중의 CLA 함량은 linolenic acid 함량과는 서로 상관관계가 없었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2003

Structured lipid (SL) produced from soybean oil was enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The SL had 21.9 mol % CLA isomers incorporated into SL-soybean after the 24-h reaction. Removal of tocopherols (73～84% loss from original soybean oil) was observed in the SL. Electronic nose can discriminate the aroma of SL-soybean from that of soybean oil. Many oxidative volatiles including pentenal, octenal, 2,4-decandienal, and nonenal were found in SL-soybean. Electronic nose, which is valuable for composite aroma analysis, can provide flavor information together with GC-MS that is useful for qualitative or quantitative analysis of each odor compound in SL.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1617-1619
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• 2009

Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60 was tested for whether it can produce c9,t11- and t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) in human. After consumption of L. rhamnosus PL60, L. rhamnosus was detected in feces 1 week after the start of intake. Analysis by gas chromatography showed that concentrations of c9,t11- and t10,c12-CLAs in serum had increased and concentrations of serum leptin had significantly decreased. Results showed that L. rhamnosus PL60 can survive in human intestines and produce CLAs in humans. This is the first report that bacteria can produce CLAs in humans.