• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.290-296
• /
• 2020

When two layers of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are loaded to mate, the free ends of individual CNTs come into contact at the interface of the two layers. This leads to a higher contact resistance due to a smaller contact region. However, when the free CNT ends of one array penetrate into the mating array, the contact region increases, effectively lowering the contact resistance. To explore the penetration of mating CNTs, we perform molecular dynamic simulations of a simple unit cell model, incorporating four CNTs in the lower array layer coupled with a single moving CNT on the upper layer. The interaction with neighboring CNTs is modelled by long-range carbon bond order potential (LCBOP I). The model structure is optimized by energy minimization through the conjugate gradient method. A NVT ensemble is used for maintain a room temperature during simulation. The time integration is performed through the velocity-Verlet algorithm. A significant vibrational motion of CNTs is captured when penetration is not available, resulting in a specific vibration mode with a high frequency. Due to this vibrational behavior, the random behaviors of CNT motion for predicting the penetration are confirmed under the specific gap distances between CNTs. Thus, the probability of penetration is examined according to the gap distance between CNTs in the lower array and the aspect ratio of CNTs. The penetration is significantly affected by the vibration mode due to the van der Waals forces between CNTs.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1994년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 9th (KACC) ; Taejeon, Korea; 17-20 Oct. 1994
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 1994

This paper presents a method of optimal design of an automatic transfer system which is controlled by the electro-pneumatic servo scheme. The electro-pneumatic automatic transfer system can move parts to desired points or displace defective parts. The dynamic performance of the system can be examined by observing the behavior of the output. The output of the servo control system is the motion of the cylinder, pneumatic actuator. The dynamic performance of the cylinder is governed by the parameters of the components of the entire system. The optimal design can be accomplished by selecting of the parameters such that the desired dynamic performance of the cylinder is obtained. The optimal set of parameters might be obtained through the repeated simulations. Repeated simulations, however, is not effective to determine the optimal set of parameters since the set of parameters is large. This paper presents modeling, application of an optimization method, and the numerical results. The optimization algorithm utilizes the concept of the conjugate gradient method. The results show that the suggested optimization scheme can render faster convergence of iteration compared to other method based on an algebraic optimization method and can reduce the design efforts.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.253-254
• /
• 2006

In this investigation, the authors propose a novel method of Enveloping Helical gear generation by shaping operation and a math model to simulate its manufacturing process. The tooth geometry of the Enveloping Helical Gear is analytically determined by simulating the conjugate motion between the workpiece(Enveloping Helical gear) and cutting tool(shaper cutter) in the generation process. It is expected that such math modeling capability will give engineers an opportunity to correct manufacturing related issues in the design phase and thereby reduce the developing period.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제49권8호
• /
• pp.1636-1644
• /
• 2017

The main purpose of this article is to describe the magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of Walter-B nanofluid over a stretching sheet. The phenomena of heat and mass transfer are based on the involvement of thermal radiation and chemical reaction. Characteristics of Newtonian heating are given special attention. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis models are introduced in the temperature and concentration expressions. Appropriate variables are implemented for the transformation of partial differential frameworks into sets of ordinary differential equations. Plots for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration are displayed and analyzed for governing parameters. The skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are studied using numerical values. The temperature and heat transfer rate are enhanced within the frame of the thermal conjugate parameter.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.132-138
• /
• 2009

호흡으로 인한 방사선 치료 표적의 움직임을 고려함으로써 치료 성적 향상과 동시에 주변 장기 보호를 지향하는 4차원 방사선 치료의 구현, 성능 개선의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 환자가 자연스럽게 호흡하도록 하는 장점이 있는 호흡 동기방식이나 종양추적방식을 사용하는 경우, 방사선조사 표적의 움직임을 예측, 방사선조사 시 이를 보정하여 줌으로써 방사선치료 효과를 극대화할 수 있다. 신경회로망은 통계 수식에 의존하지 않고 주어진 자료를 표현하는 일종의 규칙을 찾아내므로, 방사선 치료 표적의 실시간 움직임과 같은 비선형성을 가진 시계열(Time Series)을 표현하는 데에 유리하다. 본 연구에서는 신경회로망 예측 알고리즘의 4차원 방사선치료에 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. Multi-layer Perceptron으로 신경회로망을 구성하였고 Scaled Conjugate Gradient 알고리즘을 신경회로망 학습 알고리즘으로 사용하였다. RPM 시스템을 이용하여 획득한 실제 임상 현장의 환자에 대한 호흡 자료를 기반으로 학습한 신경회로망 예측 결과를 RPM 시스템의 측정치와 상호 비교하였다. 10명의 환자에의 적용 결과, 신경회로망 학습에 사용된 자료가 환자의 호흡 범위 전체를 포함하지 않는 경우를 제외하고는, 최대절대오차 3 mm 미만의 우수한 예측 성능을 보였다. 학습 영역 이외의 호흡 자료 예측 시 발생하는 상당한 오차는 신경회로망의 외삽에 대한 학습능력 부족을 보이는 것으로, 오차의 원인을 제거하기 위한 일환으로, 호흡자료를 측정할 때 최대 호흡을 하도록 하여 충분한 학습 자료를 확보하는 방안을 고려해 볼 수있겠다. 4차원 방사선치료 시스템 성능 개선에의 직접 활용을 위하여, 다양한 시스템 대기시간에 따른 예측 성능 평가와 방사선 조사 장치와 연동, 실용 타당성 검증의 추가 연구가 진행될 것이다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.753-771
• /
• 2016

This paper addresses the free and transient responses of a SDOF linear complex stiffness system by making use of the Hilbert transform and the convolution integral. Because the second-order differential equation of motion having the complex stiffness give rise to the conjugate complex eigen values, its time-domain analysis using the standard time integration scheme suffers from the numerical instability and divergence. In order to overcome this problem, the transient response of the linear complex stiffness system is obtained by the convolution integral of a green function which corresponds to the unit-impulse free vibration response of the complex system. The damped free vibration of the complex system is theoretically derived by making use of the state-space formulation and the Hilbert transform. The convolution integral is implemented by piecewise-linearly interpolating the external force and by superimposing the transient responses of discretized piecewise impulse forces. The numerical experiments are carried out to verify the proposed time-domain analysis method, and the correlation between the real and imaginary parts in the free and transient responses is also investigated.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.61.2-61.2
• /
• 2017

We report a fine scale transient brightening event near a pore boundary with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) of the 1.6m Goode Solar Telescope (GST), the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) aboard SDO. The event appears in all AIA extreme ultraviolet bands, also in the two FISS lines, $H{\alpha}$ and Ca II $8542{\AA}$, and lasted for a minute. The brightening occurred at a footpoint of a loop. The conjugate brightening occurred at the other foot point outside the FISS field of view. The brightening near the pore exhibit a redshift of 4.3 km s-1 in the $H{\alpha}$ and about 2.3 km s-1 in Ca II line. Differential emission measure derived from 6 AIA EUV passbands and cloud model fitting of the two FISS lines indicate the temperature increase of between 10,000 and 20 MK at the main event. After the brightening, the upward mass motion appears in the AIA images. We discuss the physical implication of this brightening in the context of magnetic reconnection and coronal heating.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 1999

Eye movements serve vision by placing the image of an object on the fovea of each retina, and by preventing slippage of images on the retina. The brain employs two modes of ocular motor control, fast eye movements (saccades) and smooth eye movements. Saccades bring the fovea to a target, and smooth eye movements prevent retinal image slip. Smooth eye movements comprise smooth pursuit, the optokinetic reflex, the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), vergence, and fixation. Saccades achieve rapid refixation of targets that fall on the extrafoveal retina by moving the eyes at peak velocities that can exceed $700^{\circ}/s$. Various brain lesions can affect saccadic latency, velocity, or accuracy. Smooth pursuit maintains fixation of a slowly moving target. The pursuit system responds to slippage of an image near the fovea in order to accelerate the eyes to a velocity that matches that of the target. When smooth eye movements velocity fails to match target velocity, catch-up saccades are used to compensate for limited smooth pursuit velocities. The VOR subserves vision by generating conjugate eye movements that are equal and opposite to head movements. If the VOR gain (the ratio of eye velocity to head velocity) is too high or too low, the target image is off the fovea, and head motion causes oscillopsia, an illusory to-and-fro movement of the environment.