• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.394-405
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• 1995

온대 삼림지대에서 산화 적지나 개벌 적지에 왕성하게 번성하는 것이 ericaceous속이다. ericaceous속의 식물들은 성장이 빨라서 다른 종과의 경쟁에서 유리하고 또한 allelopathy 효과 때문에 침엽수 갱신에 영향을 미친다. Kalmia가 번성하는 지역에서는 삼림 갱신이 잘 되지 않거나 조림한 침엽수의 생장이 저조하였다. 이러한 생상 저해 현상은 서유럽의 Calluna - Sitca spruce - Scots pine 생태계와 미국의 북서 태평양 지역의 Gaultheria - cedar/hemlock 생태계에서도 나타나고 있다. 삼림이 파괴된 다음에 Kalmia - black spruce 생태계의 다양한 변화는 침엽수 생장을 저해하거나 갱신을 방해하는 원인으로 생각되어지고 있다. 양분경쟁에 대한 논쟁의 여지는 있으나 Kalmia는 black spruce 생장을 억제하는 주원인으로 작용한다. 여러 곳의 야외, 실내 및 온실에서 한 실험 결과는 이러한 결론을 뒷받침해 주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Kalmia 잎으로부터 8가지의 폐놀물질을 분리동정해 냈으며 이들 중 4가지는 black spruce에 고도의 독성을 나타냈다. Kalmia 우점지역에서 allelopathic 영향을 적게 하므로써 black spruce의 갱신을 증진시키기 위한 여러 가지 방법에 대한 고찰을 하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.196-206
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• 2020

Background: The Himalayan forests are of great importance to sustain the nature and community resource demands. These forests are facing pressures both from anthropogenic activities and ongoing global climatic changes. Poor natural regeneration has been considered a major problem in mountainous forests. To understand the population structure and regeneration status of Larix (Larix griffithiana and Larix himalaica), we conducted systematic vegetation surveys in three high-altitude valleys namely Ghunsa (Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, KCA), Langtang (Langtang National Park, LNP), and Tsum (Manaslu Conservation Area, MCA) in Nepal Himalaya. The average values of diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and sapling height were compared for three sites and two species using Kruskal-Wallis test. Population structure was assessed in terms of proportion of seedlings, saplings, and trees. Regeneration was analyzed using graphical representation of frequencies of seedlings, saplings, and trees in histograms. Results: The results showed that the population structure of Larix in terms of the proportion of seedling, sapling, and tree varied greatly in the three study areas. KCA had the highest record of seedling, sapling, and tree compared to other two sites. Seedlings were the least among three forms and many plots were without seedlings. We found no seedling in MCA study plots. The plot level average DBH variation among sites was significant (Kruskal-Wallis χ² = 7.813, df = 2, p = 0.02) as was between species (Kruskal-Wallis χ² = 5.9829, df = 1, p = 0.014). Similarly, the variation in average tree height was significant (Kruskal-Wallis χ² = 134.23, df = 2, p < 0.001) among sites as well as between species (Kruskal-Wallis χ² = 128.01, df = 1, p < 0.001). All the sites showed reverse J-shaped curve but more pronounced for KCA and MCA. In comparing the two species, Larix griffithiana has clear reverse J-shaped diameter distribution but not Larix himalaica. Conclusion: The varied responses of Larix manifested through regeneration status from spatially distinct areas show that regeneration limitations might be more pronounced in the future. In all the three studied valleys, regeneration of Larix is found to be problematic and specifically for Larix griffithiana in MCA and Larix himalaica in LNP. To address the issues of disturbances, especially serious in LNP, management interventions are recommended to sustain the unique Himalayan endemic conifer.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2022

백두대간 보호지역 내에 서식하는 분비나무(Abies nephrolepis), 구상나무(A. koreana), 가문비나무(Picea jezoensis)의 분포 현황과 쇠퇴 및 갱신 특성을 파악하기 위해 산림청의 전국 고산 침엽수종 실태조사 자료와 국립산림과학원의 아고산 침엽수종 생육 모니터링 자료를 활용하여 분석했다. 그 결과, 백두대간 보호지역 내의 분비나무, 구상나무, 가문비나무 분포면적은 전국 분포면적의 약 74%(8,035 ha)를 차지하고, 백두대간 내 아고산 칩엽수종 임분은 대부분이 백두대간 핵심지역에 분포하여 백두대간 지역이 아고산 침엽수종의 보전과 복원의 핵심적인 지역임을 확인했다. 그러나 주요 산지 내 아고산 침엽수종의 입목쇠퇴도는 전반적으로 증가하는 추세(4년간 태백산 분비나무는 77.3%, 덕유산 분비나무 29.6%, 지리산 천왕봉 구상나무 45.2%, 지리산 천왕봉 가문비나무는 2년간 47.8% 증가)를 보이고 새로 유입된 어린나무의 양이 소실된 어린나무 양보다 적어서 해당 숲의 존속에 문제가 있음을 확인했다. 한편 지리산 세석지역과 천왕봉에서는 일부 성목의 건강이 회복되고 어린나무 출현 빈도도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 과거 어린나무 출현빈도가 적고 성목 쇠퇴도가 높았으나 현재 쇠퇴도가 회복된 지역에서 어린나무 출현빈도도 증가한 것으로 나타나 성목의 쇠퇴도가 치수량의 변화와 상호 관련 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 아고산 침엽수종의 보전전략 수립 및 이행시 고려할 요인들에 대한 과학적인 근거를 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.343-356
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• 2010

Plant micropropagation techniques include bud cultures using apical or axillary buds, organogenesis through callus culture or adventitious bud induction, and somatic embryogenesis. In Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI), the first tissue culture trial in woody plant was initiated from the bud culture of hybrid poplars (Populus alba x P. glandulosa) in 1978. Since then several mass propagation techniques have developed from conifer and hardwood species, resulting in allowing practical application to Poplars, Birches and some oak species. In addition, useful micropropagation and genetic resources conservation techniques were established in some rare and endangered tree species including Abeliophyllum distichum. Among various in vitro propagation techniques, somatic embryogenesis is known to be the most efficient plant regeneration system. Since the first somatic embryo induction was reported in Tilia amurensis by KFRI in 1986, various protocols for direct or indirect somatic embryogenesis systems have developed in conifer and hardwood species including Larix leptolepis, Pinus rigida x P. taeda F1, Kalopanax septemlobus and Liliodendron tulipifera, etc. However, most of these technologies have been developed using juvenile tissues, i.e. immature zygotic embryos or mature embryos. Therefore it has been difficult to directly application to tree breeding program due to their unproven genetic background. Recently remarkable progresses and new approaches have been achieved in mature tree somatic embryogenesis. In this article we reviewed several micropropagation techniques, which have been mainly developed by KFRI and recent international progresses.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2013

To understand natural regeneration and stand development after fire in mixed broadleaved-coniferous forests of Sikhote-Alin Mountains, ten sample plots of $50m{\times}50m$ size were established in 1975 and 1983 at the stands burned by wildfires in 1973 and 1982, respectively. And, the number of naturally regenerated seedlings were monitored in two $50m{\times}4m$ subplots in each plot. The most fire-sensitive conifer species is Abies nephrolepis, while Betula costata is the most fire-sensitive broadleaved tree species. The most fire-resistant species were Q. mongolica, T. taquetii and A. mono. The results of 20 and 30 years after the fire showed that pioneer tree species, e.g. Populus, Salix, and Betula, were regenerated immediately at the early stage of stand development and grew where there is a mono canopy layer with high density. On the other hand, the densities of successors, e.g. Pinus koraiensis, Picea jezoensis, Abies nephrolepis, Acer mono and Tilia taquetii, which were present in the study plots before the fire, increased gradually. Naturally regenerated tree species after forest fire by the growth rate were divided into three groups according to their annual height growth. The seral tree species (Betula costata, Betula platyphylla, Padus maackii, Populus tremula and Sarix caprea) belong to the first group and have the highest growth rate (from 40 to 96 cm per year). The late successional broad-leaved trees (Tilia taquetii, Acer mono and Quercus mongolica) belong to the second group and have intermediate annual height growth (from 3.7 to 13.5 cm per year). The late successional coniferous species (Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis) form the third group and have the least annual height growth (from 1.4 to 3.5 cm per year).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.297-300
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• 2005

Racodium therryanum from Korea is described here for the first time. This fungus is characterized by that it is isolated from conifer seeds and seedlings, including Abies, colonies are dark green to dark gray and intricate, and it forms chlamydospores in cultures. This pathogenic fungus was isolated from seeds of Abies koreana growing on Mt. Halla, Jeju island. The fungus stopped growth more than at $30^{\circ}C$ but grew even at $O^{\circ}C$. This fungus infected seeds of A. koreana under the snow during winter season. There is a high probability that this fungus affects the natural regeneration of A. koreana on Mt. Halla.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.351-355
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• 1997

3년생 유럽낙엽송의 실생묘로부터 형성층조직을 분리하여 부정아를 유기하였다. BLG배지에 4.5$\mu$M의 BA가 첨가된 배지에서 형성층 절편체 당 약 25개의 부정아가 형성되어 시험된 여러 가지 BA와 NAA농도 중 최고의 발생율을 보였다. 유기된 부정아는 1/2 GD배지와 LMG배지에서 10주 후 약 2.5cm의 신장을 보였다. GD배지에서는 이보다 낮은 약 1,8cm의 신장을 나타내었다. 발근은 NAA가 $0.54\;\mu\textrm{M}$ 함유된 1/2 GD배지에 2주간 배양하였을때 20% 정도 나타났다. 발근된 shoot들은 NAA가 함유되지 않은 1/2 GD 배지에서 뿌리를 신장시킨 후 온실로 옮겨져 순화되었다. 본 실험의 결과 그동안 낙엽송의 조직배양시료로 사용되지 않았던 형성층 조직의 뛰어난 형태형성능을 보여줌으로써 기내 급속대량증식 뿐 아니라 향후 낙엽송의 체세포 변이주선발이나 형질전환 및 그와 관련된 연구분야에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.