• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.1-27
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• 2018

The 10th constitution established in 1987 serves as the theoretical foundation of democracy in South Korea in the 21st century. Respect for human rights, resistance to injustice, and equality consciousness inherent in this constitution do not conflict with the content of Confucian philosophy. This means that the spirit of the constitution of South Korea in the 21st century was formed under the influence of the idea of democracy and Confucian philosophy. However, the 10th constitution attaches importance to the idea of the 'Basic free and democratic order', which was accepted in the Yushin constitution and inherited by the military forces. The Yushin constitution was affected by liberalism that prioritizes freedom over equality rather than supporting the compatibility between freedom and equality. Therefore, policies to expand the interests of the bourgeoisie rather than public welfare or the interests of the public have been implemented frequently. In particular, during the Lee Myeong-bak and Park Geun-hye regimes, many unequal phenomena were mass-produced. Confucian philosophy in the 21st century critically sees this unequal society. Confucian philosophy thinks that a sense of relative deprivation plays a role of alienating humans and emphasizes the importance of equal relationships. In addition, this constitution emphasizes the rule of law. However, the rule of law attaches importance to positive laws when the spirit of the constitution that contains natural law is applied to reality through systems. This rejects autonomous judgments and choices while inducing reliance on heteronomy. These heteronomous laws as such are accompanied by forcibleness. The positive laws as such can degrade humans into passive beings that indiscriminately adapt themselves to frames already set instead of active beings that think freely and creatively. Confucian philosophy regards and criticizes the rule of law as a system that makes humans into a means. Confucian philosophy regards humans as moral beings instead of tools. Confucian philosophy seeks to build a healthy society through morality accomplished through conscious realization of the principles of life. Confucian philosophy regards humans as originally free beings. Therefore, human beings are autonomous beings, not heteronomous beings. According to Confucian philosophy, humans beings that can realize the morality contained in their inner side by themselves to responsibly carry out their own judgments and choices. Therefore, Confucian philosophy, which considers human beings as beings to be trusted instead of beings to be distrusted, attaches importance to the realization of human decency through edification rather than by punishment through the law. This means that human values cannot be kept by the heteronomy termed positive laws but the identity of humans can be maintained by voluntary choices and judgments. As such, the comment of Confucian philosophy on the problems of liberal democracy and positive laws contained in the 10th constitution can be helpful in essentially solving the contradictions of modern South Korean society.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.565-570
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• 2022

본 논문은 Google Dialogflow 챗봇 개발 플랫폼으로 『논어』의 메시지를 현대화한 고민상담 챗봇을 제안한다. Dialogflow 챗봇 개발 플랫폼은 사전에 설계된 대화 아키텍처에 따라 응답을 제시한다. 즉, 질문의 의도가 파악되면 별도의 문장생성 없이 사전에 입력된 시나리오가 출력되기 때문에 고전 텍스트의 낯선 어투와 함축성의 허들을 극복할 수 있다. '챗봇'을 매체로 선정한 주된 이유는 쌍방향성 때문이다. 사용자는 챗봇을 통해 원하는 내용을 주체적이고 선별적으로 학습할 수 있다. 본 연구는 인문학적 문화원형과 공학 분야의 기술을 접목한 융복합 서비스 모델을 제시한다. 이를 통해 『논어』의 메시지를 젊은 세대에게 친숙하게 전달함으로써 세대 간 문화적 공통성을 마련할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.363-386
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• 2009

This paper's aim is to articulate the educational ideas and methodology of Confucian philosophy in contrast with western classical Philosophy. The ideas and methodology of western classical philosophy is manifested on "the similes of cave" in The Republic of Plato. "The similes of cave" teaches us that 1) philosophy begins with criticism of everyday's consciousness, 2) philosophy is based upon radical philosophical attitude, 3) philosophy request absolute knowledge of the ultimate, 4) philosopher enlightenments the people with absolute knowledge of the ultimate. Confucius said, "at fifteen, I had my mine bent on learning, ⋯⋯ at fifty I knew the decrees of Heaven, ⋯⋯ at seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right." This is a typical of philosophical life. Therefore, What the Great Learning as one of confucian Four Books represents, is 1) to illustrate illustrious Virtue, 2) to renovate the people, 3) and to rest in the highest excellence.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.293-326
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• 2009

Confucianism and Taoism is the most representative schools in the Chinese philosophy. Through getting down to earth, they not only solved the social problem, but also accomplished a complete ideological system of their own philosophy. While examining closely the history of Chinese philosophy, some philosophers paid attention to the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism, and they will unite the different ideological system. Xuanxue(玄學) in the Wei-jin dynasty, typically, carried their research on the relationship between naturalness(自然) and Confucian ethical code(名敎). Against these theory, the scholars of Dongjin(東晋) dynasty tended to maintain the forming philosophical ideology of the relationship between naturalness(自然) and Confucian ethical code(名敎). Furthermore, they directly discussed the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism. This thesis is about a philosophical study of Yuan-hong and Ge-hong who was the typical scholar of the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism in the Donjin dynasty. Yuan-hong emphasized the utility and value of the Confucian ethical code, and he tried to find a basis of Confucian ethical code. Thus, he succeeded to the theory of the relationship between naturalness and Confucian ethical code, he at last advanced a new theory about the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism, which is called 'Taoist foundation Confucian utility(道本儒用)'. Ge-hong, from the point of view of the Taoist, accomplished the perspective on the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism, which is called 'Taoist foundation Confucian branch(道本儒末)'. Yuan-hong and Ge-hong, from the view of the relationship between foundation and utility & branch, advanced the new theory about the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism. In addition, we can correctly estimate their contribution to the development of the Chinese philosophy.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.207-224
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• 2008

This study attempts to illuminate Ijema's philosophy of Four-Constitution as a new political theory of human beings as it has been regarded as the philosophy of Body-Politics and Life World[Body-Community], the notion of which was formulated quite uniquely according to the doctrine of Post-Juhi(朱子) in Joseon(朝鮮) dynasty. The philosophy of Four-Constitution was the result of succession of and reflection upon a long tradition; since the crisis aroused of Confucianism as a pragmatic science and a pure theory of science, after having collided with the science of the west, Ijema as a Confucian scholar and a oriental medicine struck upon and opened a new way to a discursive solution, the philosophy of Four-Constitution as Body Politics and Life World of New Paradigm by reconsidering the fundamental spirit and ideology of the doctrine of confucian tradition.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.85-93
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• 2017

Confucian thought is a lot of influence on future generations. In addition to teaching human character accomplishments method, and many educational principles, and political Ideas. The particularly worthy of our attention, is guiding mankind to construct "optimistic attitude" to life. Roughly, Confucian recognized "heaven" is "the mother of all things" but also "given all natural instincts" and "determine the fate of mankind".At the same time, it is also root causes of the Confucian Thought. On the basis cognitive of "Heaven and human relations", Confucian to construct "Optimistic attitude" philosophy of life. First, Confucian teach peoples to understand that "the fate" is determined by "heaven". Then, all the people should follow Justice and truth to do their own thing real well. Finally, everyone should hold a good mood to face all results.This is the most wonderful life wisdom.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2004

Nei Ching referred to as a canon of Chinese medicine is a comprehensive life philosophy that applied the life principle of the universe to the human body to combine the philosophical concept with the human nature as well as the functions of the body's organs. The book formed a complete system of a Qi Philosophy by using the medical terminology and theory based on the concept of Qi. It is remarkable that the Qi philosophy of Chang Tsai, who is a Neo-Confucianist and representative scholar of Qi philosophy in the era of Song Dynasty, has been influenced by the Qi philosophy in Nei Ching and developed into a Confucian school Furthermore, Chang Tsai's theory, in effect, impacted upon the rise of Qi Determination of the Human Nature in Medicine of Zhang Jie Bin who is a profound thinker in the era of Ming dynasty. As mentioned above, both traditional philosophy and medical philosophy in china in regard to Qi Theory have interacted and developed each other. This paper is to make a comparative study of the Qi Determination of the Human Nature proposed by Chang Tsai and Zhang Jie Bin and to trace the orgin of the Qi Determination of Human Nature.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2016

Objectives : This thesis analyzes how Song Dynasty(宋代) Confucianism(儒學) has influenced the Oriental Medicine during Geumwon Dynasty(金元代). Methods : This paper will compare with the literature of Zhuxi and the Oriental Medicine scholars of Jin(金) Yuan(元), and search for the correlation of the Confucianism(儒學) and the Oriental Medicine(東洋醫學). Results : During the era of Jin(金) Yuan(元), Confucian physicians(儒醫) were met a new phase of Medicine(醫學) by systematizing the clinical medicine and theory based on the Neo-Confucianism. Conclusions : This study recognizes how the era of Jin(金) Yuan(元) Confucian physicians(儒醫) medically perceived and reinterpreted the aspect of Zhuxi's Neo-Confucianism and theory of Changes.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.20
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• pp.169-191
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• 2009

The Four Tenets of Daesoon thought are the Creative conjunction of the virtues of Eum and Yang, the Harmonious union of divine beings and human beings, the Resolution of grievances for the mutual beneficence of all life and the Realization of the Dao in the world. This article compares the concepts of the "Creative conjunction of the virtues of Eum and Yang", the "Harmonious union of divine beings and human beings" and the "Resolution of grievances for the mutual beneficence of all life" with "EumYangDaeDaeRon", "ShinMyonKiDeok", the Theory of Mutual Giving Life / Mutual Destruction (SangSaeng/SangGeukRon) of the Book of Changes and analyzes their common and different points. The conclusion is that Daesoon thought and the philosophy of the Book of Changes share common fundamental standpoints. However, the Daesoon thought defines the world of SeonCheon (the state before the Heaven and Earth have been created) as Mutual Giving Life (SangSaeng), and the world of HuCheon (the state after the Heaven and Earth have been created) as Mutual Destruction (SangGeuk). According to Daesoon thought the Mutual Destruction (SangGeuk) is seen as negative, while according to the philosophy of the Book of Changes the Theory of Mutual Giving Live/Mutual Destruction (SangSaeng/SangGeukRon) is viewed as a positive relationship of EumYangDaeDae. This is a point of difference between the Daesoon thought and the philosophy of the Book of Changes. According to EumYangDaeDae relationship theory the contradictory "other" is viewed not as an enemy, but as a necessary element that assures one's existence. When Buddhism and Christianity first came to existence, they did not belong to a main stream. Later, through continuous theorization and systematization they became generally accepted religions. The case of Confucianism was not much different. During Song dynasty in China Buddhism has contributed to the systematization and establishment of Neo-Confucianism; in the middle of 20th century the Confucian scholars of Hong Kong and Taiwan interpreted and defined Confucianism a new in the light of Western philosophy. Thus the "Modern Neo-Confucianism" came to existence. That's why the history of Confucianism is also called "the history of advancing and developing a concept". From this point of view the critical acceptance of some elements of Confucian, Buddhist, Taoist etc. traditions, as well as modern philosophy, by Daesoon, in order to achieve the systematization of Daesoon thought, is a very important process. As a part of this process, this essay explains the Daesoon thought from the point of view of the Book of Changes, which may be said to present the original East-Asian view of the world. Daesoon's emphasis of human dignity, the equality of sexes, the critics the hierarchical society etc. are rather "modern" and should be examined from the point of view of social science. Besides, leaving the boundaries of "modern philosophy", the concepts of "Harmonious union of divine beings and human beings", viewing the universe as one organism etc. should be approached from the point of view of Post-Modernism.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

Greeting the 100 year celebration of the death of Master Dong-mu, through investigating his thoght on Scholarship and Philosophy, and his new view of human being based on Sasang, I tried to reevaluate him as a Confucianist of practical mind. The conclusions were as followings ; 1. Dong-mu's recognition system of things is that based on the mind of summarizing things in view of Affair-Mind-Body-Object originated from Confucianism, and It developed 'the Marvel of Easiness & simpleness based on Yin-yang' into 'the Marvel of Easiness & simpleness based on Sasang' 2 Through understanding old Confucianism newly, Dong-mu summarized human being as having a natural character in view of Nature and Order and an autonomical character in view of Knowledge and Deed, and emphasized an autonomical character in view of Knowledge and Deed 3. In view of Knowledge and Deed, Dong-mu presented How to Say and Behave, and took it as a model of behavior in the new Confucianism. Also he presented the view of Knowledge and Deed based on Constitutions, and took it as a new mind of treatment. 4. Dong-mu can be estimated highly, in that he completed a new confucian view-point of Human being in the period of philosophic chaos, and executed the mind of General health maintenance and the mind of control others through a confucian self-control.