• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: To assess the academic performance, communication skills, and psychosocial development of prelingual deaf children with cochlear implants (CIs) attending mainstream schools, and to evaluate the impact of auditory speech perception on their classroom performance. Subjects and Methods: As participant, 67 children with CI attending mainstream schools were included. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire on academic performance in the native language, second language, mathematics, social studies, science, art, communication skills, self-esteem, and social relations. Additionally, auditory and speech performances on the last follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Most implanted children attending mainstream school appeared to have positive self-esteem and confidence, and had little difficulty in conversing in a quiet classroom. Also, half of the implanted children (38/67) scored above average in general academic achievement. However, academic achievement in the second language (English), social studies, and science were usually poorer than general academic achievement. Furthermore, half of the implanted children had difficulty in understanding the class content (30/67) or conversing with peers in a noisy classroom (32/67). These difficulties were significantly associated with poor speech perception. Conclusions: Improving the listening environment for implanted children attending mainstream schools is necessary.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: To assess the academic performance, communication skills, and psychosocial development of prelingual deaf children with cochlear implants (CIs) attending mainstream schools, and to evaluate the impact of auditory speech perception on their classroom performance. Subjects and Methods: As participant, 67 children with CI attending mainstream schools were included. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire on academic performance in the native language, second language, mathematics, social studies, science, art, communication skills, self-esteem, and social relations. Additionally, auditory and speech performances on the last follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Most implanted children attending mainstream school appeared to have positive self-esteem and confidence, and had little difficulty in conversing in a quiet classroom. Also, half of the implanted children (38/67) scored above average in general academic achievement. However, academic achievement in the second language (English), social studies, and science were usually poorer than general academic achievement. Furthermore, half of the implanted children had difficulty in understanding the class content (30/67) or conversing with peers in a noisy classroom (32/67). These difficulties were significantly associated with poor speech perception. Conclusions: Improving the listening environment for implanted children attending mainstream schools is necessary.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.631-652
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• 2023

In the two-condition within-subject mediation design, pairs of variables such as mediator and outcome are observed under two treatment conditions. The main objective of the design is to investigate the indirect effects of the condition difference (sum) on the outcome difference (sum) through the mediator difference (sum) for comparison of two treatment conditions. The natural condition variables mean the original variables, while the rotated condition variables mean the difference and the sum of two natural variables. The outcome difference (sum) is expressed as a linear model regressed on two natural (rotated) mediators as a parallel two-mediator design in two condition approaches: the natural condition approach uses regressors as the natural condition variables, while the rotated condition approach uses regressors as the rotated condition variables. In each condition approach, the total indirect effect on the outcome difference (sum) can be expressed as the sum of two individual indirect effects: within- and cross-condition indirect effects. The total indirect effects on the outcome difference (sum) for both condition approaches are the same. The invariance of the total indirect effect makes it possible to analyze the nature of two pairs of individual indirect effects induced from the natural conditions and the rotated conditions. The two-condition within-subject design is extended to the addition of a between-subject moderator. Probing of the conditional indirect effects given the moderator values is implemented by plotting the bootstrap confidence intervals of indirect effects against the moderator values. The expected indirect effect with respect to the moderator is derived to provide the overall effect of moderator on the indirect effect. The model coefficients are estimated by the structural equation modeling approach and their statistical significance is tested using the bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. All procedures are evaluated using function lavaan() of package {lavaan} in R.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.691-709
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• 2016

수학 예비교사의 신념을 이해하는 것은 효과적인 교사교육 프로그램을 시행하고 설계하기 위하여 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 초등 예비교사의 수학적 신념에 대해 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수학문제해결에 대한 신념인 끈기 요인, 수학학습에 대한 신념인 교사주도 요인, 활동참여 요인, 자아개념에 대한 신념인 흥미 요인은 다른 수학적 신념요인들과 관련성이 많았다. 둘째, 수학교과에 대한 신념인 고정관념 요인이 교사주도 요인에 영향을 주고 있고, 수학문제해결에 대한 신념인 과정 요인이 활동참여 요인에 영향을 주고 있었다. 셋째, 학년별 수학적 신념 비교에서는 수학교과에 대한 신념인 고정관념, 유용성 요인과 자아개념에 대한 신념인 유익성 요인만이 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 넷째, 전공별 수학적 신념비교에서는 자아개념에 대한 신념인 유익성 요인과 자신감 요인을 제외한 나머지 수학적 신념에서 모두 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 초등 예비교사가 지녀야 할 수학적 신념이 무엇인지를 정립하고, 예비교사교육과정, 교수 학습 방법등 다양한 방안을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.295-326
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• 2006

수학교육의 중요성에도 불구하고 아직까지 고등학교 교육현장에서는 많은 학생들이 수학에 흥미를 잃고 어려움을 느끼며 입학시험이라는 현실 때문에 진정한 의미의 '수학하는' 경험을 하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점을 해결하고 수학에 좀 더 자신감을 갖고 스스로 공부하는 수업방식을 찾고자 하였다. 따라서 요즈음 학생들의 인터넷 사용이 생활화되어 있으므로 수학사와 역사, 과학, 실생활 문제 활용 및 자기평가를 바탕으로 한 '수학적 힘의 신장' 프로그램을 개발하여 교실에서 수업한 내용을 동영상으로 제작하여 학생들로 하여금 반복학습 할 수 있게 함으로써 공교육의 내실화를 통한 자기주도적 학습력을 신장시키고자 하였다. 우선 수학교과의 자기주도적 학습력의 신장과 인터넷학습프로그램의 시청여건, 학생 학부모의 인터넷 활용 교육에 대한 관심도에 대하여 실태분석을 실시하였고 문헌연구를 통하여 기존의 수학교과에서의 수학사 지도의 의의 및 협력학습, 수준별 학습, 자기주도적 학습, 인터넷 활용수업에 대하여 살펴보았다. 실제 '수학적 힘의 신장' 프로그램 적용에 있어서 먼저 프로그램 정착을 위한 교육적 여건을 조성하고 교수-학습 자료를 수집하며 교수-학습 모형의 체계를 확립하고 인터넷 메일과 교실 기자재를 활용한 학습을 위한 자료를 개발하며 수학 학습계획의 확립 및 실천을 위한 지도를 실시하였다. 이 후 '수학적 힘의 신장' 프로그램을 적용한 수준별 협력 발표 학습의 교수-학습 모형을 적용함과 동시에 보충 보통 심화과정의 수준별 학습지를 제작, 활용하고 인터넷 이메일과 교실 기자재를 통한 수업 동영상 시청을 지도하였다. 또한 프로그램이 얼마나 효과가 있었는지에 대해 수학교과에 대한 흥미도 태도 및 수학과 학업성취도, 자기주도적 학습의 변화를 통하여 알아보았다. 마지막으로 수학학습에 학생의 자발적 참여를 위한 여건 마련과 '수학적 힘의 신장' 프로그램 및 이를 적용한 교실수업 동영상 자료 반복학습의 구안 및 적용에 관한 결론과 제언을 기술하였다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.67-98
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• 2015

Numerical prediction of dynamic behavior of fully coupled saturated porous media is of great importance in many engineering problems. Specifically, static and dynamic response of soils - porous media with pores filled with fluid, such as air, water, etc. - can only be modeled properly using fully coupled approaches. Modeling and simulation of static and dynamic behavior of soils require significant Verification and Validation (V&V) procedures in order to build credibility and increase confidence in numerical results. By definition, Verification is essentially a mathematics issue and it provides evidence that the model is solved correctly, while Validation, being a physics issue, provides evidence that the right model is solved. This paper focuses on Verification procedure for fully coupled modeling and simulation of porous media. Therefore, a complete Solution Verification suite has been developed consisting of analytical solutions for both static and dynamic problems of porous media, in time domain. Verification for fully coupled modeling and simulation of porous media has been performed through comparison of the numerical solutions with the analytical ones. Modeling and simulation is based on the so called, u-p-U formulation. Of particular interest are numerical dispersion effects which determine the level of numerical accuracy. These effects are investigated in detail, in an effort to suggest a compromise between numerical error and computational cost.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2014

본 연구는 초 중등 학생의 수학에 대한 정서, 가치, 흥미 및 자기효능감 등의 정의적 영역의 개선을 위한 방안을 모색하는데 일환을 두고 수행되었다. 이에 따라 먼저, 수학학습에 어려움을 겪고 있는 학생들의 수학학습 클리닉을 위한 상담 과정에서 상담교사에게 필요한 발문이 무엇인지를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 지난 2년간 정례적으로 실시해오고 있는 수학클리닉의 상담 내용을 수집하여 상담을 위해 오가던 질문들을 모두 분석함으로써 상담과정에서 학생들을 진단하기 위해 필요한 발문들을 추출하였다. 자료 분석은 Strauss & Corbin(1998)의 근거이론 분석방법을 사용하여 개방코딩, 축 코딩, 선택코딩의 분석단계를 실시하였다. 도출한 패러다임(paradigm) 모형은 인과적 조건으로는 '수학학습 정서', 맥락적 조건으로 '수학학습능력 자신감', 중심현상은 '수학학습 태도', 중재적 조건은 '수학학습 개인적 성향', 작용/상호작용으로 '수학학습 자기관리', 그리고 마지막 결과로는 '수학학습 방법'으로 상담과정에서 나타나는 발문들을 범주와 하위범주들 간의 관계로 연결하였다. 이 과정에서 총 81개의 개념이 도출되었으며, 진술된 개념들은 다시 31개의 관련영역으로 범주화하였다. 본 연구는 클리닉 상담을 위한 진단지 제작 표준화 작업을 위한 근거 이론으로 활용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.43.3-44
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• 2015

We analyze the clustering of large scale structure in the Universe in a model independent method, accounting for anisotropic effects along and transverse to the line of sight. A large sample of 690,000 galaxies from The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopy Survey Data Release 11 are used to determine the Hubble expansion H, angular distance D_A, and growth rate GT at an effective redshift of z=0.57. After careful bias and convergence studies of the effects from small scale clustering, we find that cutting transverse separations below 40 Mpc/h delivers robust results while smaller scale data leads to a bias due to unmodelled nonlinear and velocity effects. The converged results are in agreement with concordance LCDM cosmology, general relativity, and minimal neutrino mass, all within the $68{\backslash}%$ confidence level. We also present results separately for the northern and southern hemisphere sky, finding a slight tension in the growth rate -- potentially a signature of anisotropic stress, or just covariance with small scale velocities -- but within $68{\backslash}%$ CL.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2007

A micro organism Agrobacterium tumifacient as an immobilized cell on a solid support was presented as a new biosorbent in a simple and sensitive spectrophotometry determination of Ni(II) in various samples using 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde-4-bromophenyl hydrazone as a color developing agent (λmax 497 nm) at pH 4.0 ± 0.2. Beer's law was obeyed over the range of 0.01-0.1 μg L-1. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were 1.285 × 105 L mol-1cm-1 and 0.007245 μg cm-2 respectively. Under these conditions, the preconcentration factor obtained was 82, and the detection limit achieved was 0.05 μg L-1. The detailed study of various interfering ions made the method more sensitive and selective. The recovery of Ni(II) from various samples range from 97.75 to 99.35%. The present method was successfully applied for the determination of Ni(II) in spiked, natural water and alloy samples. The proposed method was compared with reported methods in terms of Student's ‘t'-test and Variance ratio ‘f'-test which indicates that there is no significant difference between proposed and literature method at 95% confidence level.

• 한국조사연구학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조사연구학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.131-159
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• 2006

This paper consider multinomial group testing which is concerned with classification each of N given units into one of k disjoint categories. In this paper, we propose exact Bayesian, approximate Bayesian, bootstrap methods for estimating individual category proportions using the multinomial group testing model proposed by Bar-Lev et al (2005). By the comparison of Mcan Squre Error (MSE), it is shown that the exact Bayesian method has a bettor efficiency and consistency than maximum likelihood method. We suggest an approximate Bayesian approach using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for posterior computation. We derive exact credible intervals based on the exact Bayesian estimators and present confidence intervals using the bootstrap and MCMC. These intervals arc shown to often have better coverage properties and similar mean lengths to maximum likelihood method already available. Furthermore the proposed models are illustrated using data from a HIV blooding test study throughout California, 2000.