• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.481-498
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• 2014

This study analyzed Japan, Taiwan, Hongkong, Finland, and China National Mathematics Curriculums to find the implications to improve Korean High school Mathematics curriculum. First, at the aspect of mathematics education goals, we can consider to select the logical thinking, the use of mathematics, and the mathematical inquiry in the cognitive domain and self-confidence, brevity, a sense of accomplishment, and the value of mathematics in the affective domain. Second, when high students consider their course, he/she should be able to select mathematics subjects according to her/his desired career and/or major. Third, I found that sine rule, cosine rule and correlation were included as compulsory contents of Japan, Taiwan and China but not Korea. Finally I suggest that we need to show and explain kindly the range of the contents and to develop the Korean mathematics curriculum model.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.390-394
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• 2002

Spikelet number per unit area(SPN) is a major determinant of rice yield. Nitrogen nutrition status and biomass during reproductive stage determine the SPN. To formulate a model for estimating SPN, the 93 field experiment data collected from widely different regions with different japonica varieties in Korea and Japan were analyzed for the upper boundary lines of SPN responses to nitrogen nutrition index(NNI), shoot dry weight and shoot nitrogen content at panicle initiation and heading stage. The boundary lines of SPN showed asymptotic responses to all the above parameters(X) and were well fitted to the exponential function of $f(X)=alphacdot{1-etacdotexp(gamma;cdot;X)}$. Excluding the constant, from the boundary line equation, the values of the equation range from 0 to 1 and represent the indices of parameters expressing the degree of influence on SPN. In addition to those indices, the index of shoot dry weight increase during reproductive stage was calculated by directly dividing the shoot dry weight increase by the maximum value ($800 extrm{g/m}^{-2}$) of dry weight increase as it showed linear relationship with SPN. Four indices selected by forward stepwise regression at the stay level of 0.05 were those for NNI ($I_{NNI}_P$) at panicle initiation, NNI($I_{NNI}_h$) and shoot dry weight($I_{DW}_h$) at heading stage, and dry weight increase($I_{DW}$) between those two stages. The following model was obtained: SPN=48683ㆍ $I_{DWH}$$^{0.482}$ㆍ $I_{NNIp}$$^{0.387}$ㆍ $I_{NNIH}$$^{0.318}$ㆍ $I_{DW}$ $^{0.35}$). This model accounted for about 89% of the variation of spikelet number. In conclusion this model could be used for estimating the spikelet number of japonica rice with some confidence in widely different regions and thus, integrated into a rice growth model as a component model for spikelet number estimation.n.n.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 2001

Two regions of mtDNA genome, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 165 ribosomal RNA (165 rRNA) genes, were sequenced for 15 species of the long-horned beetle belonging to four subfamilies and geographic samples of mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari, from two localities in Korea. Ten samples of A. germari collected from Suwon and Busan revealed three COI haplotypes ranging in nucleotide divergence of 0.3% to 0.5%, and the two populations shared one common COI haplotype (80%). The sequence divergence among 15 species of the long-horned beetle was much higher in COI gene (12.3%∼39.4%) than 16S rRNA gene (7.2% to 23.1), and the maximum value in the COI gene is exceptional compared with other relevant studies, including that of Coleoptera. The greatly increased divergence in the COI gene, in facto was stemmed from a peculiar sequence of Prionus insularis belonging to Prioninne, divergence of which ranges from 31.2% to 39.3% from other species. We discussed possible reason of the divergence in this species. Due to the abnormality of COI gene divergence, decrease in phylogenetic signal was severe in COI nucleotide and, subsequently, the converted amino acid sequences, rendering us to put more confidence on the 16S5 rRNA gene data. Although the molecular phylogeny confidently supports the monophyletic origin of Lepturinae, the presence of discrepancy between molecular data and traditional taxonomic views also is a testable hyothesis. One such discrepancy includes taxonomic position of Sophronica obrioides and Theophilea cylindricollis belonging to Lamiinae.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2012

Objectives: A positive association between serum albumin levels and metabolic syndrome has been reported in observation studies, but it has not been established in the Korean population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between serum albumin levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome among a sample of apparently healthy Korean adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data of 3189 community-dwelling people (1189 men and 2000 women) who were aged 40 to 87 years and were living in a rural area in Korea. Serum albumin levels were classified into quartile groups for each sex. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines with an adjusted waist circumference cut-off value ${\geq}90\;cm$ for men and${\geq}85\;cm$ for women). An independent association between serum albumin levels and metabolic syndrome was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Higher serum albumin levels were associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome for the highest versus the lowest serum albumin quartiles was 2.81 (1.91 to 4.14) in men and 1.96 (1.52 to 2.52) in women, after adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. When each metabolic abnormality was analyzed separately, higher serum albumin levels were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in both sexes, and with abdominal obesity in men. Conclusions: These results suggest that higher serum albumin levels are positively associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of the test (Daewoo Hydrocortisone 10 mg, Daewoo Pharm. Co., Busan, Korea) and reference (Jenapharm Hydrocortisone 10 mg, JayTech Biogen, Seoul, Korea) hydrocortisone tablets. Twenty-four healthy male Korean volunteers were divided into two groups with a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over design. In order to suppress the endogenous cortisol secretion, a single oral dose of Dexamethasone (4 mg) was administered 10 hr prior to hydrocortisone administration. Blood samples were withdrawn for 10 hr at the predetermined intervals after a single oral dose of hydrocortisone (20 mg). The serum concentration of hydrocortisone was analyzed by HPLC/UV using a column switching method after liquid-liquid extraction process. The pharmacokinetic parameters ($AUC_{0{\sim}10hr}$, $C_{max}$, and $T_{max}$) of the test and reference hydrocortisone tablets were determined while the secretion of endogenous cortisol was being suppressed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test tablet were not statistically different from those of the reference tablet at ex value was 0.05. The 90% confidence intervals for the average ratio (test/reference) of $AUC_{0{\sim}10hr}$ and $C_{max}$ were within the Korea Food and Drug Administration acceptance range of 0.80-1.25 ($0.89{\sim}0.99$ and $0.86{\sim}0.99$ for $AUC_{0{\sim}10hr}$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Therefore it was concluded that the test tablet, Daewoo Hydrocortisone tablet was bioequivalent to the reference tablet, Jenapharm Hydrocortisone tablet.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.440-449
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• 1994

Current risk assessment practices largely reflect the need for a consistent set of relatively rapid, first-cut procedures to assess 'plausible upper limits' of various risks. These practices have important roles to play in 1) screening candidate hazards for initial attention and 2) directing attention to cases where moderate-cost measures to control exposures are likely to be warranted, in the absence of further extensive (and expensive) data gathering and analysis. A problem with the current practices, however, is that they have led assessors to do a generally poor job of analyzing and expressing uncertainties, fostering 'One-Number Disease' (in which everything from one's social policy position on risk acceptance to one's technical judgment on the likelihood of different cancer dose-response relationships is rolled into a single quantity). At least for analyses that involve relatively important decisions for society (both relatively large potential health risks and relatively large potential economic costs or other disruptions), we can and should at least go one further step - and that is to assess and convey both a central tendency estimate of exposure and risk as well as our more conventional 'conservative' upper-confidence-limit values. To accomplish this, more sophisticated efforts are needed to appropriately represent the likely effects of various sources of uncertainty along the casual chain from the release of toxicants to the production of adverse effects. When the effects of individual sources of uncertainty are assessed (and any important interactions included), Monte Carlo simulation procedures can be used to produce an overall analysis of uncertainties and to highlight areas where uncertainties might be appreciably reduced by further study. Beyond the information yielded by such analyses for decision-making in a few important cases, the value of doing several exemplary risk assessments in. this way is that a set of benchmarks can be defined that will help calibrate the assumptions used in the larger number of risk assessments that must be done by 'default' procedures.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

Objectives : Cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, is a useful marker of exposure to tobacco smoke and self-reporting of smoking status is thought not to be reliable. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between the smoking self-report among adolescents and the urinary cotinine test. Methods : The study subjects were 1226 middle and high school students in Hanam city, who were selected by stratified random sampling. The self-report about smoking behavior was compared with urine cotinine value measured with PBM $AccuSign^{\circledR}fi$ Nicotine(Princeton BioMeditech Corporation, USA). The percentage agreement, kappa and 95% confidence interval(CI) were calculated. Results : The overall percentage agreement was 88.6%, and those for boys, girls, middle school, general school and vocational school students were 87.3%, 90.1%, 93.7%, 85,5%, 90.7%, and 78.4%, respectively. The overall kappa index was 0.46(95% CI=0.39-0.54)for overall, .and those for boys, girls, middle school, general school and vocational school students were 0.56(95% CI=0.48-0.65), 0.20(95% CI=0.07-0.32), 0.21(95% CI=0.09-0.34), 0.55(95% CI=0.47-0.64), 0.42(95% CI=0.33-0.52), and 0.48(95% CI=0.36-0.60), respectively. Conclusion : The percentage agreement was relatively high but the kappa values very low for girls, and middle school students. Though the prevalence bias can be influenced by these results, the self-report was not a sufficient tool for the evaluation of adolescents' smoking status, especially in girls or middle school students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2013

There are limited data on healthy dietary patterns protective against metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) development. We identified dietary patterns among middle-aged and older adults and investigated the associations with the incidence of MetSyn. A population-based prospective cohort study included 5,251 male and female Koreans aged 40-69 years. At baseline, all individuals were free of MetSyn, other major metabolic diseases, and known cardiovascular disease or cancer. Cases of MetSyn were ascertained over a 6-year of follow-up. Dietary patterns and their factor scores were generated by factor analysis using the data of a food frequency questionnaire. We performed pooled logistic regression analysis to estimate multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for associations between factor scores and MetSyn risk. Two dietary patterns were identified; (1) a healthy dietary pattern, which included a variety of foods such as fish, seafood, vegetables, seaweed, protein foods, fruits, dairy products, and grains; and (2) an unhealthy dietary pattern, which included a limited number of food items. After controlling for confounding factors, factor scores for the healthy dietary pattern were inversely associated with MetSyn risk (P-value for trend < 0.05) while those for the unhealthy dietary pattern had no association. Individuals in the top quintile of the healthy diet scores showed a multivariable-adjusted RR [95% CI] of 0.76 [0.60-0.97] for MetSyn risk compared with those in the bottom quintile. The beneficial effects were derived from inverse associations with abdominal obesity, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and high fasting glucose levels. Our findings suggest that a variety of healthy food choices is recommended to prevent MetSyn.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.951-956
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• 2010

Purpose: To compare the profiles of the bronchodilator response (BDR) among children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) and to determine whether BDR in these children is reduced by treatment with inhaled and/or nasal corticosteroid. Methods: Sixty-eight children with asthma (mean age, 10.9 years), 45 children with comorbid asthma and AR (mean age, 10.5 years), and 44 children with AR alone (mean age, 10.2 years) were investigated. After a 2-week baseline period, all children were treated with inhaled fluticasone propionate (either 100 or $250{\mu}g$ b.i.d., tailored to asthma severity) or nasal fluticasone propionate (one spray b.i.d. in each nostril) or both, according to the condition. Before and 2 weeks after starting treatment, all children were evaluated with spirometry and bronchodilator testing. BDR was calculated as a percent change from the forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) at baseline. Results: The mean BDR was 10.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.3-12.4%] in children with asthma, 9.0% (95% CI 7.3-10.9%) in subjects with asthma and AR, and 5.0% (95% CI 4.1-5.9%) in children with AR alone ($P$<0.001). After treatment, the mean BDR was reduced to 5.2% (95% CI 4.2-6.3%) ($P$<0.001) in children with asthma and to 4.5% (95% CI 3.5-5.5%) ($P$<0.001) in children with asthma and AR. However, children with rhinitis showed no significant change in BDR after treatment, with the mean value being 4.7% (95% CI 3.7-5.8%) ($P$=0.597). Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that an elevated BDR in children with AR cannot be attributed to nasal inflammation alone and highlights the close relationship between the upper and lower airways.

• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2013

This study analyzed Korean students' affective characteristics in mathematical learning according to school and sex by Factor Analysis and Cognitive Diagnosis Theory. In numerical affective achievements by Factor Analysis, there are mean differences between schools, i.e. elementary school and secondary school. And there are sexual differences within schools and boys show more positive achievement than girls. By Cognitive Diagnosis Theory, I investigated 6 affective attributes' proportions that students achieved according to school and sex. Middle school students' proportion is highest in self-control and anxiety and the attribute that students achieved most in all school is cognizing mathematical value. Boys show higher proportion in self directivity, interest and confidence than girls, but girls show higher proportion in anxiety than boys. In personal profiles, the proportion of students who achieved 5 attributes except anxiety is highest.