• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.183-198
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• 2015

Chloride ingress implies a complex interaction between physical and chemical process, in which heat, moisture and chloride ions transport through concrete cover. Meanwhile, reinforced concrete structure itself undergoes evolution due to variation in temperature, relative humidity and creep effects, which can potentially change the deformation and trigger some micro-cracks in concrete. In addition, all of these process show time-dependent performance with complex interaction between structures and environments. In the present work, a time-dependent behavior of chloride transport in reinforced concrete beam subjected to flexural load is proposed based on the well-known section fiber model. The strain state varies because of stress redistribution caused by the interaction between environment and structure, mainly dominated by thermal stresses and shrinkage stress and creep. Finally, in order to clear the influence of strain state on the chloride diffusivity, experiment test were carried out and a power function used to describe this influence is proposed.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.871-876
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 시변 지연 시간이 있는 선형 이산 시변 구간 시스템에 두 가지의 불확실성이 동시에 존재하는 경우에 대하여 안정조건을 다룬다. 구간 시스템은 시스템 행렬들이 구간행렬의 형태로 주어지는 시스템으로 본 논문에서는 이러한 구간 시스템 행렬과 상태변수의 지연 시간이 시변인 특성을 갖는 시스템을 대상으로 한다. 비선형성을 포함하며 그 크기만을 알 수 있는 비구조화된 불확실성과 지연상태변수의 시스템 행렬 불확실성이 동시에 존재하는 경우의 시스템 안정조건을 제안한다. 두가지 종류의 불확실성에 대하여 안정 유지 가능한 크기를 해석적인 수식으로 유도한다. 제안된 안정조건과 안정 보장 크기는 기존의 다양한 선형 이산 시스템에 대한 안정 조건들을 포함할 수 있으며, 시변 지연시간 변동 크기, 불확실성의 크기들과 구간행렬의 범위 등의 값을 모두 조건식에 포함하게 된다. 새로운 안정범위는 수치예제를 통하여 이전의 결과와 비교하며 효용성과 우수성을 검증한다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2003

본 연구는 정상류 Navier-Stokes 방정식에 섭동(perturbation) 이론을 적용하여 주기함수 간극에 대한 삼승법칙의 수정에 대해 논하였다. 이를 위해, 주기함수를 진폭과 파장에 대한 무차원 함수로 전환한 뒤 미소 계수에 대한 무차원 유동함수와 연속 방정식을 적용하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 정상류 Navier-Stokes 방정식의 섭동 근사해를 구하였으며 이를 유한 차분법에 적용하였다. 단일 절리 모델에 대한유한 차분 수치해석을 통해, 수정된 삼승 법칙이 주기함수 간극의 유체 유동에 대한 정상류 Navier-Stokes 방정식의 섭동 근사해와 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 본 연구에서 제시된 삼승 법칙이 간극 분포에 따른 유체 유동의 평가에 있어 유용하게 적용될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 태양에너지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1999

Calculation method about the water temperature variable inside hot water pipe had proposed in the past does not correspond with branch pipe system, variable of water volume, variable of entrance water temperature, using and so on. A calculation method proposed in this paper can solve above problems, and calculate the kinds variation of the water temperature inside pipe in the real use state of the hot water pipe.

• 약학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1981

Penicillin derivatives have a stability problem by hydrolysis of their .betha.-lactam ring. At high temperature, crystal water is released from penicillin derivatives, especially ampicillin trihydrate and concerns itself in hydrolysis. Penicillin derivatives having crystal water show different crystal states and different stability according to the variation of different condition on the process of manufacturing. The stability of ampicillin trihydrate in solid states was determined. Physico-pharmaceutical properties of this compound were determined by using IR spectra, X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis (DTA).

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2011

In this thesis, the partial discharge according to applied voltage and variations of cross-sectional area and length of the conductor related to general condition for using cable was measured in order to study degradation diagnosis for 2-Core cable of the PVC insulator used in industrial fields for other safety installations. Also the thermal degradation conditions under various installation circumstances of cables were studied by assuming degradation conditions with each different degradation rate (50%, 67%, 100%) such as variation in degradated temperature, thermal exposure time, normal state, partially degradated state and overall degradated state for thermal degradation diagnosis. The quantity of electric discharge (V-Q) according to applied voltage was measured for measurement of inception voltage and extinction voltage. The quantity of electric discharge and the number of electric discharge (Q-N) were measured with applied voltage kept constantly. In addition, pictures were taken using SEM (scanning electron microscope) to compare the surface of external insulator to degradated state of internal insulator according to thermal degradation temperature and also compare the surface of external insulator to degradated surface state of internal insulator according exposure time of cables to thermal stress.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.408-413
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a fault diagnosis method based on Park's Vector Approach using the Euler's theorem. If we interpreted it as Euler's theorem, it is possible to easily find the phase angle difference between the healthy condition and the fault condition. And, we analyzed the variation of the phase angle and performed the diagnostic method of the induction motor using feature vectors that were obtained by using a Fourier transform. The analysis of time and speed variation of the motor was performed and, as a result, we could find more soft variations than rough variations. In particular, the analysis of the distortion through each phase shows that two-turn and four-turn shorted motors are linearly separable. In this experiment, we know that the maximum breakdown threshold value for determining steady-state fault detection is 49.0788. Simulation and experimental results show the more detectable than conventional method.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2017

생체의 움직임을 판별을 예측하는 기술은 흐름판별율과 스트림판별율로 변화의 형태를 구성하여 진행한다. 떨림의 움직이는 형태는 판별율의 조건에 따라 움직임의 유동시스템으로 구성한다. 흐름판별율은 생체 내 물질에서 특별한 부위의 신호를 대상으로 생체의 움직임을 정의하고 그 주변에 형태에 따라 흐름을 판별하여 떨림을 비교하여 신호값으로 선정한다. 스트림판별율은 스트림상태의 기준값을 설정하고 측정된 값과 비교하여 신호값으로 선정한다. 대상조건에 따라 판별은 특정부위의 상-아래-주변-중앙을 대상으로 최대치와 최소치 및 평균값으로 변수를 측정하였다. 떨림의 변화에 따라 상 $(-0.817){\pm}0.15$, 주변 $(-2.53){\pm}(-0.11)$, 아래 $(-0.29){\pm}0.03$, 중앙 $(-0.09){\pm}(-0.01)$ 의 최대치-최소치-평균값이 나타났다. 형태의 변화에 따른 현상을 통하여 생체의 움직임의 범위가 어떠한 형태의 유동현상을 갖고 있는지 예측할 수 있고, 특정부위의 상-아래-주변-중앙의 움직임으로 데이터를 구성하면 앞으로 특정부위의 여러 변화를 주었을 때 신체의 다양한 변화를 판별하는 예측기술이 진행될 것으로 판단된다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2006

The evolution of strain states and textures during rolling with various conditions was investigated by finite element method (FEM) simulations and measurements of rolling textures. Symmetrical rolling with a high friction gives rise to a strong variation of shear strains in rolled sample leading to the formation of texture gradients throughout the thickness layers. A small variation of shear strains during rolling with a well lubrication condition leads to the formation of a fairly homogeneous rolling texture throughout the sheet thickness. During asymmetrical rolling, a proper control of rolling parameters provides the evolution of a fairly homogeneous shear texture throughout the whole sheet thickness.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.437-448
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• 1999

The reheating of the billet in the semi-solid state as quickly and homogeneously as possible is one of the most imposrtant parts. To obtain a fine globular microstructure in cross section of billet, the optimal design of the induction coil for variation of alloys and specimen sizes is necessary. For the thixo-forging process the construction of the reheating data base is very important, because the reheating conditions are different for variation of SSM and billet sizes. So in this study, the optimal coil design of A356 (ALTHIX) and Aι2024 with d×ι=60×90 (mm) to obtain the globular microstructure is theoretically proposed. The suitability of an optimal coil design will be demonstrated by reheating experiments. Finally, the thixoformability of an arbitrarily shaped product is evaluated by its forming variables. The defects and mechanical properties are also investigated.