• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

This study was conducted to provide data necessary for reducing the condensation on greenhouse covering in winter season. The variation of VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit) and condensation flux was analyzed in experimental tomato greenhouse. VPD values in experimental plastic greenhouse were greater than 0.2 kPa of disease prevention threshold, and lower than 0.5 kPa of threshold for dehumidification. The surface temperature of inside covering was slightly higher than the average temperature of outside and above curtain, and changed according to outside temperature. The humidity above curtain was nearly 100% and good condition for condensation. The humidity below curtain was 75~90% and comparatively stable condition for growing. The condensation flux value in experimental greenhouse corresponded with result of Seginer and Kantz (1986).

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.91-98
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• 2017

In this study, the effect of window installation position in the residential building with the external insulation was numerically investigated in terms of insulation performance and heating/cooling energy consumption. For different window positions, 2-D heat transfer simulation was conducted to deduce the linear thermal transmittance, which was inputted to the dynamic energy simulation in order to analyze heating/cooling energy consumption. Simulation results showed that the linear thermal transmittance ranges from 0.05 W/mK to 0.7 W/mK, and is reduced as the window is installed near the external finish line. Indoor surface temperature and TDR analysis showed that the condensation risk is the lowest when the window is installed at the middle of the insulation and wall structure. It was also found that the window installation near the external finish can reduce the annual heating/cooling energy consumption by 12~16%, compared with the window installation near the interior finish. Although the window installation near the external finish can achieve the lowest heating/cooling energy consumption, it might lead to increased condensation risks unless additional insulation is applied. Thus, it can be concluded that the window should be installed near the insulation-wall structure junction, in consideration of the overall performance including energy consumption, condensation prevention and constructability.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5507-5513
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• 2015

Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng (MC) has been used in traditional medicine due to its high carotenoid content. The objective of this study was to investigate mechanisms underlying apoptotic effects of MC on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A lycopene-enriched aril extract of MC (AE) showed cytotoxicity and antiestrogenicity to MCF-7 cells. On DAPI staining, AE induced cell shrinkage and chromatin condensation were evident. With flow cytometric analysis, AE increased the percentage of cells in an early apoptosis stage when compared with the control group. RT-PCR analysis showed AE to significantly increase the expression of the proapoptotic bax gene without effect on expression of the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene. Moreover, AE enhanced caspase 6, 8 and 9 activity. Taken together, we conclude that AE of MC fruit has anticancer effects on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells by induction of cell apoptosis via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of signaling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.45-46
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• 2012

This study is intended to use the insulation effect of the dual bubble sheet to review the freezing prevention capability of underground walls by pouring the dual bubble sheet on the retaining walls before the concrete pouring to contemplate the temperature profile for each area of installation and the area of non-installation of the dual bubble sheet, and as a result, the temperature of the concrete was heightened than the ground due to the insulation effect in using the bubble sheet.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2007

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1165-1173
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• 2001

The objectives of this study are to analyze the application of radiant floor cooling and to evaluate the control methods through experiments when the radiant heating system is used for cooling. Through the experiment analysis the control methods such as on/off control, variable flow control and outdoor reset with indoor temperature feedback control are evaluated and compared. The cooling curve (reset ratio) is found for radiant cooling, which shows tole relation between outside air temperature and supply water temperature. Comparison of cooling methods shows that outdoor reset with indoor temperature feedback control is more appropriate than on/off control and variable flow control with regard to prevention of the condensation and thermal comfort.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2021

To prevent accidents caused by changes in the surrounding environment or other factors, various protection facilities are installed at the photovoltaic connection module. The main causes of fire are sparks due to foreign substances inside the photovoltaic connection module through high temperature rise and dew condensation in the photovoltaic connection module, and fire due to heat from the power diode. The proposed method can predict the fire by measuring flame, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, temperature, humidity, input voltage, and current on the photovoltaic connection module, and when the fire conditions are reached, fire alarm and power off can be sent to managers and users in real time to prevent fire in advance.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.31
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• pp.103-120
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• 2010

Most of the important stone cultural heritage (National treasures and Treasures) in Korea are mainly located outdoor and considerably affected by the changes of the temperature, humidity and rainfalls. 541 of the stone cultural heritage are preserved as National treasure and Treasure. The pagodas occupy 187 remains and next 127 Buddha statues, 68 monuments, 60 stupas, and the others 74 stone cultural heritages. The shelter has been installed for one pagoda, 60 Buddha statues, 36 monuments and two stupas. The shelters are categorized in three shapes as traditional shape, modern shape, and others (tradition+modern). Approximately 100 of shelters that have constructed in traditional ways, and about nine of shelters have modern ways, and the only one has the combination shape of tradition and modern, which has been constructed since mid 1900s and repaired from the 1980s~2000s. Many researchers are studying for improvement of manners such as repairing, remodeling or removing of the shelter because problems have occured on shelters. Architectural form of traditional style of Korean timber building is respected, but it has problems on importing natural sunlight to the inside as well as ventilation and spacial problems. However, it needs to supplement policies to improve the positive roles of shelters such as prevention of artificial damage, blocking acid rain, and so on. For instance, the rock-carved Buddha Triad in Seosan, it had problems with viewing, contamination, and dew condensation on the surface. These problems decreased after dismantling the shelter, the space was made for improvement of viewing and dew condensation, and moisture problems were in better conditions. The velocity wind is an important factor in drying conditions on the surface of the rock, therefore the condition has improved after dismantling the shelter.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.899-916
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is a fundamental neurodegenerative disease trigger that damages and decimates nerve cells. Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic central nervous system disorders that progress and result from neuronal degradation and loss. Recent studies have extensively focused on neurodegenerative disease treatment and prevention using dietary compounds. Heseperetin is an aglycone hesperidin form with various physiological activities, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antitumor. However, few studies have considered hesperetin's neuroprotective effects and mechanisms; thus, our study investigated this in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-treated SH-SY5Y cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with H₂O₂ (400 µM) in hesperetin absence or presence (10-40 µM) for 24 h. Three-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assays detected cell viability, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining allowed us to observe nuclear morphology changes such as chromatin condensation and apoptotic nuclei. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays measured intracellular ROS production; Griess reaction assays assessed nitric oxide (NO) production. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reactions quantified corresponding mRNA and proteins. RESULTS: Subsequent experiments utilized various non-toxic hesperetin concentrations, establishing that hesperetin notably decreased intracellular ROS and NO production in H₂O₂-treated SH-SY5Y cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hesperetin inhibited H₂O₂-induced inflammation-related gene expression, including interluekin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation. In addition, hesperetin inhibited NF-κB translocation into H₂O₂-treated SH-SY5Y cell nuclei and suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase protein expression, an essential apoptotic cell death regulator. Various apoptosis hallmarks, including shrinkage and nuclear condensation in H₂O₂-treated cells, were suppressed dose-dependently. Additionally, hesperetin treatment down-regulated Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratios and activated AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin autophagy pathways. CONCLUSION: These results substantiate that hesperetin activates autophagy and inhibits apoptosis and inflammation. Hesperetin is a potentially potent dietary agent that reduces neurodegenerative disease onset, progression, and prevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7943-7957
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• 2015

Background and Aims: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth-suppression potentiality of a crude saponin extract (CSENS) prepared from medicinal herb, Nigella sativa, on human colon cancer cells, HCT116. Materials and Methods: HCT116 cells were subjected to increasing doses of CSENS for 24, 48 and 72 h, and then harvested and assayed for cell viability by WST-1. Flow cytometry analyses, cell death detection ELISA, fluorescent stains (Hoechst 33342 and acridine orange/ethidium bromide), DNA laddering and comet assays were carried out to confirm the apoptogenic effects of CSENS. Luciferase reporter gene assays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were performed to assess the impact of CAERS and CFEZO on the expression levels of key regulatory proteins in HCT116 cells. Results: The results demonstrated that CSENS inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry analyses, while CSENS-treated cells exhibited morphological hallmarks of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, irregularity in cellular shape, cellular detachment and chromatin condensation. Biochemical signs of apoptosis, such as DNA degradation, were observed by comet assay and gel electrophoresis. The pro-apoptotic effect of CSENS was caspase-3-independent and associated with increase of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CSENS treatment down-regulated transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 proteins, associated with down-regulation of their target oncogenes, c-Myc, cyclin D1 and survivin. On the other hand, CSENS up-regulated transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of Nrf2 and expression of cytoprotective genes. In addition, CSENS modulated the expression levels of ERK1/2 MAPK, p53 and p21. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CSENS may be a valuable agent for treatment of colon cancer.