• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.454-463
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare concurrent validity and test-retest reliability based on Craniovertebral angle of 'Angles video goniometer', a smart phone application for convenient range of motion measurement, and 'Image J', an analysis software with high reliability and validity. This was conducted to find out whether 'Angle video goniometer' can be used clinically. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Fifty subjects were imaged laterally, and the angle of the head and spine was measured using Image J and the Angles video goniometer, respectively, in a resting posture and a chin in posture. The level of concurrent validity between the two measurement methods and the level of inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability were analyzed. Results: For forty participants, the concurrent validity between Image J and Angles video goniometer showed very high validity with ICC of 0.997(0.995~0.999) and 0.994(0.994~0.998), CVME% 0.71~0.72%, SEM% 0.31~0.34, MDC% 0.86~0.94. The test-retest intra-rater reliability showed very high reliability ICC 0.994(0.991~0.996), CVME% 0.71%, SEM% 0.31~0.43, MDC% 0.86~1.19%. The test-retest inter-rater showed very high reliability ICC 0.995(0.992~0.997), CVME% 0.71%, SEM% 0.43~0.59%, MDC% 1.20~1.62% Conclusions: Angles video goniometer', a smartphone application, is a device with very high reliability and validity for craniovertebral angle measurement in healthy adults, and it is a device that can be easily used in clinical practice.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to estimate the determinants of product design and analyze the impacts of product design on quality competitiveness, product reliability, and consumer satisfaction in an attempt to provide a foundation for the theory of design management. For this empirical analysis, this study has derived the relevant measurement variables from a survey on 400 Korean manufacturing firms during the period of $August{\sim}October$ 2003. The empirical findings are summarized as follows: First, the determinants of product design are very significantly (at p<0.001) estimated to be the R&D capability, the level of R&D expenditure, the level of innovative activities(5S, TQM, 6Sigma, QC, etc.). This empirical result can support Pawar and Driva(1999)'s two principles by which the performance of product design and product development can be simultaneously evaluated in the context of CE(concurrent engineering) of NPD(newly product development) activities. Second, the hypothesis on the causality: product design${\rightarrow}$quality competitiveness${\rightarrow}$customer satisfaction${\rightarrow}$customer loyalty is very significantly (at p<0.001) accepted. This implies that product design positively affects consumer satisfaction, not directly but indirectly, by influencing quality competitiveness. This empirical result of this study can also support the studies of for example Flynn et al.(1994), Ahire et at.(1996), Afire and Dreyfus(2000) which conclude that design management is a significant determinant of product quality. The aforementioned empirical results are important in the following sense: the empirical result that quality competitiveness plays a bridging role between product design and consumer satisfaction can reconcile the traditional debate between QFD(quality function development) approach asserted by product developers and conjoint analysis maintained by marketers. The first empirical result is related to QFD approach whereas the second empirical result is related to conjoint analysis. At the same time, the empirical results of this study can support the rationale of design integration(DI) of Ettlie(1997), i.e., the coordination of the timing and substance of product development activities performed by the various disciplines and organizational functions of a product's life cycle. Finally, the policy implication (at the corporate level) from the empirical results is that successful design management(DM) requires not only the support of top management but also the removal of communication barriers, (i.e. the adoption of cross-functional teams) so that concurrent engineering(CE), the simultaneous development of product and process designs can assure product development speed, design quality, and market success.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.3070-3076
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• 1999

Petri net is one of the effective modeling techniques which analyzes and designs concurrent and asynchronous systems. CPN is an extended Petri net which has color tokens. In this paper, we propose a new test case generation method using CPN. It transforms Estelle Specification into CPN, which is applicable to Design/CPN. It also generates UIO and subtour from OG and descriptor, which are resulted from Design/CPN. Using the proposed method, we can get more improved test coverage than existing methods. Therefore, more effective protocol conformance testing could be conducted. The test case generating method will be the basis of the automatic testing environmented.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.80-85
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• 2001

The early construction of the internet based ship basic planning supporting system based on the concurrent engineering and the internet technology is essential as a means for the improvement of technology and design productivity our ship building industry is facing currently. Further more, technological base construction for the construction for the construction of the cooperation system on the level of ship building industry is necessary for the technological base security to maintain and develop ship building industry continuosly in the 21st century of the information industry environment and for the technological improvement of the middle and small shipyard falling behind relatively and finally for the breaking through our ship building industry environment in which inter-enterprise competition is deeping. In this study, we designed the frame-system of the ship design supporting system and presented the development scenario based on core element technology.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.539-545
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• 2010

Through the AUTOSAR methodology, the embedded software shall become more flexible, reusable, maintainable than ever. However, it is not mentioned about specific timing constraints of software components in AUTOSAR. There are a few basic principles for mapping runnable entities. At this point, AUTOSAR software design with optimal scheduling method is one of the enabling technologies in vehicle embedded system. This paper presents an approach based on mapping runnable entities and task scheduling design method for EPS (Electric Power Steering) software components, based on AUTOSAR. In addition, the experimental results of concurrent simulation show that the proposed scheduling technique and timing synchronization in the software component design can achieve the improved torque ripple performance and it well suited for EPS application software.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.238-246
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• 1999

The modeling method to support product development processes (PDP) must have certain characteristics including the ability to represent multiple viewpoints of the product development and integrate with currently available analysis and design methods based on CE concept. This paper describes the reference model to support multiple viewpoints (PPO: Products, Processes, and Organizations/Resources viewpoints) of the product development processes, from which each model (Products model, Processes model, and Organizations/Resources model) can be extracted, as well as produces PPO data schema. This reference model has associative relationships among the products, processes, and organizations/resources. To allow the extensibility to support design evolution, we propose structured dat representation methods using semantic network, which can be constructed through first-order logic. The product development processes is so represented by specifying entities and semantic relationships among them hat he appropriate information can be accessed and all of the relevant attributes about the entities can be retrieved simultaneously.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2000

Recently, advanced information technologies have opened new possibilities for collaborative designs. In this paper, a web-enabled collaborative design environment is proposed, where the product data based on STandard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP) is managed in a hierarchical database and the product metadata is used to efficiently search and utilize information scattered over the network. Several integrity constraints are depicted using EXPRESS to validate the combination of data from different sources. The knowledge represented as metadata and constraints on the interacting features differentiate this environment from previous ones. The collaborative conferencing system is also introduced to communicate and collaborate simultaneously among the related designed. As a result, the proposed environment allows the distributed designers to more efficiently obtain, exchange and communicate the design information throughout the design process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.47
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• pp.289-302
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• 1998

Concurrent Engineering(CE) can provide a competitive edge for companies that have confronted with rapidly changing market requirements, such as shortening of product life cycles, high quality, low cost, diversity of customer demand, and so on. We construct a prototype of integrated information system to support a new product development process by CE concept. This integrated information system can be useful for considering concurrently all of the aspect in the product design process. In this system, an Engineering Database is constructed for gathering data of four departments; i.e. marketing, production, quality control and design department. Also DFM(Design For Manufacturability) is applied for analysis of product design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1994.03a
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• pp.7-34
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• 1994

;Recently the sheet forming simulation technology revealed great progress in the sense of practical application in the automotive, electric/electronics and aviation/space industries. The goal of sheet forming simulation is to embedded in the design engineering system which is consisted by the analysis and synthesis modules. This design simulation system predicts the slackness of sheet and estimate the formability, and search the optimum material/forming/structure conditions. This OVER-ALL OPTIMUM DESIGN can be classified as follow; 1. ANALYZING PROCEDURE: Numerical simulation based on nonlinear theories -geometry, material and friction nonlinearities- 2. OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE: Optimum design based on mathematical programing and AI technologies, those are implemented in CAD/CAM/CAE System - Concurrent Engineering System-. In this paper, four subjects will be discussed; (1) State of arts of computer simulation technologies in Japan. (2)History of sheet forming simulation. (3) Benchmark problems. (4) Future technology in the sheet forming simulation.ation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.204-208
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• 1998

The fundamental issues to evaluate machine tool's performance through simulation pertain to the physical models of the machine tool itself and of process while the practical problems are related to the development of the modular software structure. It allows the composition of arbitrary machine/process models along with the development of programs to evaluate each state of machining process. Surface roughness is one of the fundamental factors to evaluate machining process and performance of machine tool, but it is not easy to evaluate surface roughness due to its tribological complexity. This paper presents an algorithm to calculate surface roughness considering cutting geometry, cutting parameters, and contact dynamics of cutting between tool and workpiece as well as tool wear in turning process. The designed virtual machining system can be used to evaluate the surface integrity of a turned surface during the design and process planning phase for the design for manufacturability analysis of the concurrent engineering.