• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2014

The study aimed to determine the physical characteristics of estrus mucus and conception rates in dairy cattle. Samples of estrus mucus from the cervix were collected from 108 dairy cattle during heat and were examined for color and consistency. Samples were taken from bred animals at starting from day of breeding to the completion of one estrus cycle. The color of the cervical mucus was studied based on its transparency while the consistency was based on the thinness and thickness of the cervical mucus. The dairy cattle were bred and the pregnancy diagnosis was performed at the $60^{th}$ day post breeding. Findings showed that the estrus mucus of the dairy cattle was transparent in 58.3%, turbid in 31.5% and dirty in 10.2%. It was further observed that the mucus consistency of the dairy cattle was thin in 74.1% and thick in 25.9%. In the pregnant group, 67.3% mucus samples were found transparent, turbid in 23.6% and dirty in 9.1%. However, the corresponding figures for the non-pregnant group had 49.1%, 39.6% and 11.3%. The consistency of cervical mucus was found to be thin in 74.1% and thick in 25.9% of dairy cattle. The conception rates of dairy cattle with thin and thick consistency of cervical mucus were 81.8% and 18.2%, respectively. Pregnant was associated with consistency of cervical mucus (p<0.10). Findings indicated that dairy cattle with thin consistency of cervical mucus and had clear discharge were pregnant cows.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.163-174
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• 1986

The 587 Holstein cows which calved from January 1983 to December 1984 at an integrated dairy farm in Chung-nom province were examined for the incidence of reproductive disorders and their conception rate after treatment. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The incidence of reproductive disorders was 47.9% (281 heads) among 587 heads which calved. 1) As number of calvings increased, the incidence of reproductive disorders decreased. 2) The cows which calved in spring and summer showed significantly higher incidence of reproductive disorders than those which calved in autumn and winter (p<0.05). 3) Among reproductive disorders, ovarian, uterine, cervical and vaginal diseases figured 54.3%, 43.7%, 0.9% and 0.6%, respectively. 4) Among individual genital diseases, endometritis (40.3%) occurred most frequently. 2. Among 281 heads with reproductive disorders, 216 heads(76.9%) conceived after treatment. 1) After treatment of reproductive disorders, the conception rate by number of calvings was in range from 69.6% to 87.5%. 2) The cows which calved in summer and winter showed significantly higher conception rate after treatment of reproductive disorders than those which calved in spring and autumn (P<0.05). 3) The conception rates after treatment of the cows with ovarian, uterine, cervical and vaginal diseases were 66.5%, 81.2%, 33.3% and 50.0% respectively. 4) The cows with endometritis showed the highest conception rate after treatment (85.9%).

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2006

본 연구는 $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여에 의한 발정 동기화 방법이 한우의 혈청 $P_4$ 수준, 발정 발현율과 수태율에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 첫째로, 한우 미경산우에서 $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여가 혈청 $P_4$ 수준에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 한우 미경산우 10두 및 프리마틴 1두에 대하여 MGA를 1일 0.5 mg을 14일간 오전 배합 사료에 섞어 급여하였으며, 19일이 경과한 후에 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 25 mg을 투여하였다. MGA feeding 후 혈청 $P_4$ 농도 수준을 분석하기 위하여 MGA 급여 기간과 급여 종료 후 발정이 관찰될 때까지는 3일 간격, $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여 시, 발정 및 인공 수정 시, 인공 수정 후 15일째 및 2개월째에 혈액을 채취하였다. 한우 미경산우의 혈청 $P_4$ 수준은 MGA급여 7일 이후부터 상승하기 시작하여 투여 9일차에는 5.4 ng/ml로써 이후 상승된 상태에서 유지되었다. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여시점인 33일차에는 7.6 ng/ml 수준으로 피크를 나타냈고, 투여 2-3일이 경과하고 발정이 발현됨에 따라 1.4 ng/ml로 급강하하는 양상을 보였다(p<0.05). 그러나 프리마틴의 경우에는 시험 기간 동안 P4수준의 변화가 인정되지 않았다. 둘째로, 한우 미경산우 및 경산우 194두를 이용하여 상기한 $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여 방법(n=104)과 대조군으로 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여(11일 간격 2회 투여, n=90)에 따른 발정 발현율 및 수태율을 비교하였다. 발정 발현율은 대조군인 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여군 72.2%에 비해 $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여군에서 91.3%로써 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 인공 수정 후 수태율은 $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여군이 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여군에 비해 1회 수정 수태율(51.1 vs. 59.6%), 2회 수정 수태율(77.8 vs. 84.6%) 및 전체 수태율(88.9 vs. 94.2 %)이 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 본 연구의 결과는 $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$를 이용한 발정 동기화 방법은 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여법에 비해 높은 발정 동기화율 및 수태율을 나타냄으로서 한우의 번식 능력 향상에 적절히 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.134-134
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• 2003

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.185-188
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• 2003

Data on the use of breeding records of dairy cattle farm of Fenghuang-shan in Chengdu areas during a period of six years is systematically analyzed. The results show that Holstein heifers have their 1st estrus at an average age of $513.6{\pm}46.7$ d which is not related to the calving season. Estrus mostly occurs in the months with mild ambient temperature (March, April, May, November and December). There is a very poor rate of estrus detection; only 30.0% successive estrus is observed within 24 d, 29.3% within 25-48 d, 40.6% over 48 d. The average number of insemination per conception is 1.50 for heifers and 1.74 for cows, but conception rate (CR) is lower in the relatively warm months (July, August and September) ranged from 48.1% to 51.9% compared with 58.1% to 68.5% in other months. High temperature is the most important factor affecting fertilization in warm months, but neither did CR decline immediately with the increased air temperature in June, nor did it increase immediately with the declined air temperature in September. Post partum anestrous period is $119.5{\pm}60.5$ d. The average interval from calving to conception is $159.4{\pm}85.6$ d with only 19.8% of the cows conceived within 85 d of calving. Cows with high milk yield have longer acyclic periods and lower conception rates. Improvement of efficient managements must be a precedent condition in Chengdu areas.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.227-233
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• 1986

A total of 600 Holstein cows in Chonnam province was examined to make a diagnosis on the ovarian follicular cyst. By clinical signs and rectal examination, 57 cows were found to have ovarian follicular cyst. Attempts were made to treat the cows which had ovarian follicular cyst with GnRH, HCG respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The rates of estreous induction with GnRH or HCG were 91.4%, 77.2%, respectively. The GnRH treated group was showed significantly higher than HCG treated group. The mean days from the GnRH or HCG treated to estrum were 25.1 and 23.5 days, respectively. 2. The Conception rates with GnRH or HCG treatment were 78.2% and 76.5％, respectively. 3. Services per conception with GnRH or HCG treatment were 1.5 and 2.1 respectively. 4, Days from GnRH or HCG treatment to concept were 38.2 and 45.8 days, respectively. 5. Intramuscular injection with GnRH and intraovarian injection with HCG were revealed the most effective routes in all the other routes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lower numbers of sperm $(3{\times}10^9)$ per dose liquid semen and type of semen used in artificial insemination (AI) on sow reproductive performance in subtropical area. Semen was supplied by two commercial AI centers. A total of 671 female pigs from seven farms were inseminated with either $3{\times}10^9$ or $5{\times}10^9$ sperm per dose. Two types of semen were used: heterospermic semen from two boars of the same breed and homospermic semen from a single boar. After insemination, conception rate, farrowing rate, total litter size, and number of dead piglets were recorded. The analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant effect of interactions between pig farm, type of semen, or number of sperm on any of the traits measured. There were significant differences in conception rate, farrowing rate, and total litter size among pig farms (p<0.05). The effect of number of sperm per dose liquid semen ($3{\times}10^9$ or $5{\times}10^9$) was not significant. Sows inseminated with homospermic semen showed significantly higher conception and farrowing rates but significantly lower total litter size (p<0.05). In conclusion, the number of sperm per dose liquid semen for AI could be lowered to $3{\times}10^9 $ without affecting reproductive performance in subtropical areas like Taiwan.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1989

A field survey was conducted to obtain the data on reproductive performation of Korean native cattle. The data for this study were taken from 6,461 breeding records of cows raising at general farms in 8 Hanwoo(native cattle) pure breeding areas from June, 1984 through November, 1985. The recycling rate within 30 days, 31 to 60 days, and 61 to 90 days postpartum was 7.5%, 40.0%, and 32.8%, and it amounted to 80.3%, while the non-recyling rate up to 120days postcalving was 8.4%. Conception rate according to insemination(AI) frequencies was 65.7% at 1st AI, 21.3% at 2nd AI, and 8.4% at 3rd AI, respectively. It amounted to 95.4% up to 3rd AI. Clving rate during the spring time was the highest, 39.6%, and tended to be reduced according to summer(31.6%), autumn (16.3%), and winter (12.5%). Spring and summer were the highest seasons for pregnancy and their gestation rates are 33.7% in spring and 39.2% in winter, respectively. The days from calving to estrus and conception, and calving interval of the cows, which calved two or three times, tended to be reduced. However, the more parities, the more they are extended. According to parities, gestation length and services per conception showed irregular tendencies.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of co-culture system(bovine oviduct epithelial cells; BOEC) and defined culture system (modified TALP ; mTALP) on the conception of embryos transferred, and pregnancy and twin birth rates after transfer of fresh or frozen-thawed bovine blastocysts produced in vitro were also evaluated. Oocytes from the slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized using general protocol. The results obtained were as the following. The pregnancy rate after transfer was higher in co-culture group than in mTALP group, but was not signficantly different, and there is no difference between fresh embryo group and frozen-thawed embryo group in conception rate. The conception rate was not different whether 3∼4 blastocysts or 2 blatocysts transferred into a recipient, but the production rate of twin calves was significantly higher (p<0.05) when 3∼4 embryos transferred. The average birth weight of twin calves(24.38kg) was numerically, but not significantly lighter than that of single calves(26.68kg).

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.225-228
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• 2006

본 연구는 유우 사육 농가에서 배란동기화법(OVSYNCH)의 활용시 수태율에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 유우의 정상 번식우(15/23, 63%)와 번식 장애우(5/10, 50%)의 수태율 비교에서는 정상번식우가 수태율이 높게 나타났지만 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 유우 경산우의 산유량에 따른 수태율 비교에서는 1일 산유량이 $30{\sim}35kg$ 이상인 유우군에서 배란동기화 처리시 $20{\sim}25kg$인 유우군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 수태율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 또한 유우 경산우의 산차수에 따른 수태율 비교에서는 1산차의 시험우군이 3산차군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 수태율을 나타냈지만(p<0.05) 산차수 증가에 따른 수태율은 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과로부터, 배란동기화 방법을 유우의 다두사육 농가에서 실제로 이용할 경우 우유 생산이 가능한 정상번식우에서 효과적이었으며, 특히 1일 산유량이 많은 유우에서 높은 수태율을 얻을 수 있었다. 한편 앞으로의 연구를 통해 개선된 배란동기화법을 이용한다면 호르몬 불균형으로 초래된 번식 장애우의 번식 능력 회복과 함께 향상된 수태율을 얻을 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 농가에서도 간편하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 평가된다.