• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.4B no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2004

Refreshable Braille displays have already been developed in the past, but they remain quite bulky and expensive. Small displays contain only a single or a few Braille cells, with pins pushing into the fingertips. However, they are not as successful as larger displays because the skin is more sensitive to lateral movement than to orthogonal pressure. This, paper presents the design of linear electromagnetic actuators, which allows a considerable reduction in size and cost for such refreshable Braille displays. Different actuator concepts are compared. A new actuator is proposed and optimised by means of finite element simulations, which are verified with measurements on a prototype.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

In this experiment we emphasized the cooperative small group learning and the members of my group worked together to succeed and communicate their mathematics ideas freely. The researcher(teacher) became an observer and facilitator of small group interaction, paying attention to the ongoing learning process, Sometimes the researcher suggested some investigation approach(or discovery)being written by computer software or papers. In this experiment we provided 6 activities as follows : (1) changing the conditions in given problem. (2) operating the meaningful heuristics with the problem sets. (3) creating the problem situations related to understanding (4) creating the Modeling situations. (5) creating the problem related to combinatorial thinking in real world. (6) posing some real problem from real world. we could observed several conjectures First, Attitude and chility to interpret the problem setting is highly important to pose the problem effectively. Second, Generating the understanding can be a great tool to pose the problem effectively. Third, Sometimes inquiry approach represented by software or programmed book could be some motivation to enhance the posing activities. Forth, The various posing activities relate to one concept could give the students some opportunity to be adaptable and flexible in the their approach to unfamiliar problem sets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.321-324
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• 2003

There are two steps to solve the self-collision avoidance problems for redundant manipulators. First, all links are regarded as cylinders. and then the collisions should be checked among all pairs of the links. Between two cylinders. we can get the collision information derived from the concept or configuration space obstacle in real time. Therefore. it is possible to detect the links where collisions are likely in real time by setting the risk radius which is larger than actual radius. Second. the configuration control points (CCP) should be placed at the ends of the detected links. A cost function is the sum of the distances between the CCPs. To maximize the cost function means the links go far away each other without self-collisions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.29-30
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• 2008

This paper defines a concept of "protectability" for the performance evaluation of distance relay considering its sensitivity and selectivity. The paper starts from the probabilistic modeling of the errors, and based on this model, a detailed explanation of protectability calculation for each zone of the distance relay is presented. An effect of the Weighting Rate and the Measurement Deviation on the protectability evaluation is also given. By considering this effect, the optimization of relay setting can be realized. The proposed method is applied to a typical model system to show its effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.11-23
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to express the sexuality of feminism in the modern fashion. As for the methods of research, literary research was carried out using reference based on feminism history and sexuality concept and demonstrative analysis was undertaken using 2000's collections photographs. In the results of that, the sexuality of gender resistance feminism is featured by three key words: sado-masochism sexuality, bi sexuality and hetero sexuality. First, sado-masochism sexuality shows fetish look and dominatrix look shown in the strong attitudes. Sado-masochism sexuality is setting fetishes such as mask, whip, chain, metallic materials and tight leather boots. Second, bi sexuality presents mannish look of soft and feminie style's slim pants suit with ruffle, flounce and decorated detail blouse. and fetish look wearing of sexual symbol clothes such as corset and bustier. Third, hetero sexuality represent glamour look which exposure and emphasis of breasts, hips and other sexual symbols.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.793-807
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• 2020

Stable range of rings is a unifying concept for problems related to the substitution and cancellation of modules. The newly appeared element-wise setting for the simplest case of stable range one is tempting to study the lifting property modulo ideals. We study the lifting of elements having (idempotent) stable range one from a quotient of a ring R modulo a two-sided ideal I by providing several examples and investigating the relations with other lifting properties, including lifting idempotents, lifting units, and lifting of von Neumann regular elements. In the case where the ring R is a left or a right duo ring, we show that stable range one elements lift modulo every two-sided ideal if and only if R is a ring with stable range one. Under a mild assumption, we further prove that the lifting of elements having idempotent stable range one implies the lifting of von Neumann regular elements.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1090-1101
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• 2017

This study analyzes spatial density and integration of Space Syntax and Discrete Event Simulation (DEVS) of complex system theory and analyzes spatial structure by property, type and depth. The aim of this study is to secure the validity of the theoretical application. The study evaluated the correlation between spatial density and integration by setting up eight types of analysis models. In addition, analyzed the correlation of structural characteristics and approached the application of discrete event simulation of spatial syntax theory. It is confirmed that the concept of integration of spatial syntax theory and analysis using discrete event simulation are valid as new spatial analysis methodology. Also expect that realistic and concrete predictions will be possible if discrete event simulation evolves into research for space allocation and space efficiency optimization.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2000

This study was carried out to de develop a control strategy of a fruit harvesting redundant robot. The method of generating a safe trajectory, which avoids collisions with obstracles such as branches or immature fruits, in the 3D(3-dimension) space using artificial potential field technique and virtual plane concept was proposed. Also, the method of setting reference velocity vectors to follow the trajectory and to avoid obstacles in the 3D space was proposed. Developed methods were verified with computer simulations and with actual robot tests. Fro the actual robot tests, a machine vision system was used for detecting fruits and obstacles, Results showed that developed control method could reduce the occurrences of the robot manipulator located in the possible collision distance. with 10 virtual obstacles generated randomly in the 3 D space, maximum rates of the occurrences of the robot manipulator located in the possible collision distance, 0.03 m, from the obstacles were 8 % with 5 degree of freedom (DOF), 8 % with 6-DOF, and 4% with 7-DOF, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2017

Despite improved treatment outcomes of locally advanced disease over the last 2 decades, the survival of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains dismal. There is a clear need for development of novel therapeutic strategies for recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC. Recent advances in understanding tumor immunology have been directly and rapidly translated into clinical success of T cell-directed immunotherapeutic approach in the treatment of several types of solid cancers. Among them, impact of immune checkpoint inhibition using neutralizing antibodies is the most striking. A variety of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting T cells have been also studied in HNSCC, especially in recurrent and/or metastatic setting even with significant survival benefit. The present article reviews the basic concept of T cell-directed immunotherapy and the current status of such approaches in the treatment of HNSCC.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2011

Competency and competency-based education are topics of great interest to educators and administrators at most stages of undergraduate and postgraduate medical training. A competency-based approach in medical setting has been valued as a more effective way to strengthen learners' performance compared to the traditional education program. This article aims to explore theoretical and practical possibilities and limitations of competency-based medical education. We approached the topic in 3 gradual steps: the comprehension of background of competency-based education, the conceptual understanding of competency in professional education, and the exploration of possibilities and limitations of competency-based medical education. The last step of analysis was performed in three dimensions: educational objectives, references to judge performance, and performance evaluation criteria. In conclusion, we suggest 4 factors which need to be considered to implement a competency-based medical education.