• Title/Summary/Keyword: Concentration Of Foaming Agent

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Foaming Characteristics and Physical Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Foams (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer 발포체의 발포특성 및 물리적 특성)

  • Kim, Jin-Tae;Son, Woo-Jung;Ahn, Byung-Hyun;Kim, Won-Ho
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 2001
  • Physical properties of foams depend on the density of foams, Physical properties of base polymers, open ceil contents, and cell structures including the size, size distribution, shape of ceil and the thickness of membrane and strut. The density of foam is affected by raw materials, concentration oi crosslinking agent and blowing agent and process parameters such as processing technique and condition. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) foam is a crosslinked cellular material. The foaming characteristics and physical properties of EVA foam are affected by decomposition rate of blowing agent. In this study, the decomposition rate of blowing agent and crosslinking rate, foaming characteristics and physical properties of foams were evaluated. The slow decomposition rate of blowing agent results in low density foam, good shock absorption property and uniform cell size distribution compared to the high decomposition rate of blowing agent.

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Influence of Foaming Agents on the Properties of Foamed Concretes Having Various Densities

  • Kim, Jin-Man;Jeong, Ji-Yong
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.22-30
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    • 2012
  • Four types of foaming agents, including Alcohol Ethoxy Sulfate (AES), Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (AOS), Vegetable Soap (VS), and Fe-Protein (FP), are widely used in the construction field. These have different surface tensions and viscosities in water of the same concentration, affecting the flow speed of liquid, size and distribution of foam, and foam stability. However, there is a lack of data regarding the properties of foam concrete using various foam agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of foaming agents on the properties of foamed concretes with various densities. We find that the foaming agent type has little effect on the density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of foam concrete, but considerably affects the unit weight of foam, flow and flexural strength of foamed concrete. While almost all properties of foam concrete are affected by density in fresh or hardened state, the potential energy changed by slurry density and the viscosity of foam are dominant factors in the flowability of foam slurry.

Fabrication of porous clay ceramics using sufactant (계면활성제를 이용한 점토질 다공체 세라믹스 제조에 관한 연구)

  • 김윤주;배옥진
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2002
  • Porous clay ceramics was fabricated using the surfactant as a foaming agent in the secondary-clay produced at Young-Am area in Chun-Nam province. The concentration of surfactant in ceramic slurry was the key factor controlling the pore characteristics and physical properties of the porous ceramics. The more increase of the surfactant concentration increase the more foaming ability and the stability of foamed layer were improved, but the foaming ability was limited within 6.0 wt% of surfactant because the initial viscosity of the slurry increased with increasing the amounts of surfactant. The formed specimen were sintered at both $1150^{\circ}C$ and $1200^{\circ}C$, the porous ceramics showed 0.9 of specific gravity, 50% of water absorption, 45% of apparent porosity, 14% of shrinkage and 70 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of compressive strength.

Foaming Behavior, Structure, and Properties of Rubber Nanocomposites Foams Reinforced with Zinc Methacrylate (아연 메타아크릴레이트로 보강된 발포고무 나노복합체의 발포거동, 구조 및 특성)

  • Basuli, U.;Lee, G.B.;Jang, S.Y.;Oh, J.;Lee, J.H.;Kim, S.C.;Jeon, N.D.;Huh, Y.I.;Nah, C.
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.297-309
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    • 2012
  • Different amounts of foaming agents were employed in natural rubber(NR)/butadiene rubber(BR) blends to understand the foaming behavior in presence of nano-reinforcing agent, zinc methacrylate (ZMA). The ZMA greatly improved most of the mechanical properties of the rubber foams, however it did not show considerable effect on the cell morphology, such as cell size, density and porosity. It was also observed that the foaming agent concentration affected all the mechanical parameters. When the content of foaming agent was increased, the number of foams was increased leading to a decrease in density of the compounds. But the size and distribution of foams remained unchanged with increased foaming agent. The effect of high styrene-butadiene rubber (HSBR) was also studied. The size of cells became smaller and the cell uniformity was improved with increasing HSBR. The foam rubber compounds showed much efficient energy absorbing capability at higher strains.

The Properties of Foamed Concrete Slurry Using Bottom Ash According to the Methods of Mixing of Foam (기포혼입방법에 따른 바텀애쉬를 사용한 기포 콘크리트의 특성)

  • Kang Cheol;Kang Gi Woong;Kawg Eun Gu;Cho Sung Hyun;Kwon Gi Ju;Kim Jin Man
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.529-532
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    • 2004
  • As the purpose of this study is a research of series to obtain fundamental data on the development of the product of foamed concrete using bottom ash for various applications in the field, the main purpose is the light weight of product of concrete. In this experiment, method of mixing of foam is very important because it control specific gravity and strength of the product. As the test results, it was found that regardless of mixing method the grower the concentration of foaming agent the lower the specific gravity and the compressive strength of the specimen especially pre-foaming method. From a strength point of view, we knew that mix-foaming method and steam curing is efficient to obtain a adequate compressive strength of foamed concrete.

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Evaluation of the Water Purification Efficiency of Waste LCD Glass Media by Using Foaming Technology (발포기술을 이용한 폐 LCD유리 여재의 수질정화능력 평가)

  • Ahn, Tae-Woong;Choi, I-Song;Oh, Jong-Min
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.369-376
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to reprocess Waste-LCD(Liquid Crystal Display), to widely increase specific surface-area by foaming agent in the process of reprocessing and to use as a substrate of water treatment which is increased the ability of biological treatment, as well as to control non-point source pollutants produced by surface run off during rainfall with using this substrate, and to improve water quality of public watershed as developing substrate for water treatment to be able to purify second treated water which is exhausted at the wastewater treatment plant. The average removal efficiency of Waste-LCD that using the foaming technology was SS 71.2%, BOD 55.7%, COD 58.4%, T-N 29.5% and T-P was 50.3%. Almost Media, early stage showed low removal efficiency of SS and BOD. However, it became high when the microorganism adhered the Media. The variation of SS removal efficiency was high by inflow concentration of SS. The reason for the Media 4 showed high SS removal efficiency is that it has wide specific surface-area, and also it has a pore. All in all, it shows floating matter treatment ability not only inside but it also works outside of the substrate.

Foaming Efficiency of Anion Foaming Agent Solution to Add Dyeing Assistants (조제 첨가 음이온 발포제의 거품 효율)

  • 김공주;박병기;조은진;김지주;이재덕
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 1992
  • To optimize the foam dyeing procedures for polyester and polyester/nylon blended non-woven fabrics, the effects of organic solvents and surfactants were investigated by measuring the foam heights and surface tensions of the foam dyeing solution. The results of the experiments can be summarized as follows: 1) Organic solvents and surfactants (sodium lauryl sulphate: SLS) solution lower the surface tension (ST) of the water, but ST lowering rate of SLS solution is greater than that of solvents. For a 0.25% SLS solution, the minimum surface tension was 30.3 dyne/cm, which is nearly the same value for organic solvents. 2) For 0.25% SLS solutions, additional adding of a 4.0% organic solvent makes the foam height (FH) be its maximum. 3) At 0.6 g/ι dye concentration, incorporation of 0.4% SLS makes the surface tension of the foam solution be its minimum. The foam height did not show any trend due to the dye type. 4) The effect of foam stabilizers (sodium alginate (Alg-Na) and hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC)) were also investigated. The foam height of the foaming solution with HEC was greater than that with Alg-Na. The foam stability of the foaming solution with Alg-Na was better than that with HEC.

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Continuos-Flow culture of Hepatocytes in Sugar-derivatized poly (lactide-co-glycolide) Scaffolds Prepared by Gas-foaming/salt-leaching Method

  • Yun, Jun-Jin;Park, Tae-Gwan
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.141-144
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    • 2000
  • Highly open porous polymer matrices are required for high density cell seeding, efficient nutrient, and oxygen supply to the cells cultured in the three dimensional matrices. However, there are severe problems of mass transfer limitations within the cell/scaffolds culture system. Thus we hypothesize that continuos-flow culture conditioning of cells with the scaffolds may improve the cell viability and the differentiated function. In this study, we fabricated porous PLGA scaffolds by using gas-foaming/salt-leaching method as previous described. Viscous PLGA gel paste contains ammonium bicarbonate particulates, acting as a gas-foaming agent as well as a salt-leaching porogen, were cast into Teflon mold and dried. Ammonium bicarbonate salt upon contact to an acidic aqueous solution evloves gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide by itself. And we conjugated galactose moiety [AGA; $N-(aminobuty1)-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-D-glucoamide]$ to the terminal end group of a PLGA to increase the cell adhesion and matain the differentiated function of hepatocytes. Cell-seeded scaffolds were secured in a flow bioreactor chamber and exposed to continuous flow at 5 ml/min. As a result of our study, the high yield of hepatocytes attachment was accomplished by increasing the concentration of PLGA-AGA conjugate in polymer scaffolds and cells in the scaffolds under continuos flow condition maintained a high level of viability and albumin secretion rate of cultured hepatocytes showed a higher level that of control groups.

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Investigation of Compressive Strength and Foaming Characteristics of Acid Anhydride Epoxy Foam by Foaming Agent (발포제에 따른 산무수물계 에폭시 폼의 압축강도 및 포밍특성 분석)

  • Kwon, Dong-Jun;Kim, Jong-Hyun;Park, Sung-Min;Kwon, Il-Jun;Park, Joung-Man
    • Composites Research
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.133-138
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    • 2018
  • Polymer foams were used to fill the void in the structure in addition to flame retardant and heat insulation. Polymer foams such as polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, poly(vinyl chloride), polyethylene terephthalate were used to weight lighting materials. In this study, epoxy foam was used to improve mechanical properties of polymer foam. Acid anhydride type hardener reacts with polyol. Using this phenomenon, if blowing agent was added into epoxy resin using acid anhydride type hardener, formation and compressive properties of epoxy foam was studied. Formation of polymer foam was compared with type of blowing agent and concentration of blowing agent via compressive test. As these results, optimized condition of epoxy foam was found and epoxy foam had better compressive property than other polymer foam.

Thickening of Activated Sludge Using Low Pressure Flotation Pilot System (파일롯 규모의 저압형 부상장치를 이용한 하수슬러지 농축에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Ji Tae;Oh, Joon Taek;Kim, Jong Kuk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.172-177
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    • 2014
  • Low pressure air flotation (LAF) pilot plant for sludge thickening was installed in Chung Nam N.S. municipal waste water treatment plant to verify its application possibility. Effects of operating conditions such as coagulant dosages and microbubble water ratio on thickening of the mixed sludge were examined. Microbubbles which were generated in the chamber of $1.5kgf/cm^2$ by high speed collision method with foaming agent were used to float sludge. Solid loading of $30kg/m^2/hr$, solid contents in thickened sludge of 60,300 mg/L and SS removal efficiency of 99% were obtained through long period operating LAF in conditions of mixed sludge concentration of 14,400 mg/L, coagulant dosage of 27.6 mg/L, foaming agent addition of 4.0 mg/L and microbubble water injection ratio of 9.7%.