• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.6
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• 2020

Background: As the cost of fishmeal continues to rise, there will be a need to optimize the diet by minimizing dietary fishmeal inclusion in aquafeed. In this study, a 7-week experiment was conducted to evaluate soybean meal, fermented soybean meal (soytide), and sesame meal as fishmeal replacers in whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Methods: A 30%-based fishmeal diet was considered as control (CON), six other diets were prepared by replacing 20% or 40% of fishmeal with soybean meal (SB₂₀ and SB₄₀), fermented soybean meal (ST₂₀ and ST₄₀), or sesame meal (SM₂₀ and SM₄₀) from the CON diet. Twenty shrimp with average initial weight of 0.65 ± 0.05 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 21 tanks (45 L) and fed four times a day. Water temperature was controlled at 28 ± 1 ℃ and aeration was provided by air stones. Results: Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio of shrimp fed CON showed no significant differences compared to shrimp fed all the other diets. However, growth performance of shrimp fed ST₂₀ diet was significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the SM₂₀ and SM₄₀ diets (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of shrimp fed CON, ST₂₀, and ST₄₀ diets was significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the SB₄₀ and SM₄₀ diets. But there were no significant differences among shrimp fed CON, SB₂₀, ST₂₀, ST₄₀, and SM₂₀ diets. Also, lysozyme activity of shrimp fed ST₂₀ diet was significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the SB₄₀ and SM₄₀ diets. Although, lysozyme activity of shrimp fed the CON diet was not significantly different compared to shrimp fed all the other experimental diets. Conclusions: Therefore, SB, ST, and SM could replace 40% of fishmeal based on growth performance and lysozyme. According to the SOD activity, SB and SM could replace 20% of fishmeal and ST could replace 40% of fishmeal in juvenile whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.388-395
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• 2009

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of early feed restriction (FR, 8 to 14 d of age) on growth performance and immune function in broiler chickens. Birds were fed corresponding diets from 3 to 35 d of age, which consisted of three phases: starter (3 to 7 d of age), FR (8 to 14 d of age) and re-alimentation (15 to 35 d of age) phases. During the FR period, each group of birds was fed the basal diet ad libitum (CON), 85% (EN85) and 70% (EN70) of lower calorie diet ad libitum (qualitative FR), and 85% (FI85) and 70% (FI70) of voluntary intake on a daily basis (quantitative FR). As a result, there was no statistical difference in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio between the CON and quantitative or qualitative FR groups during the entire (3 to 35 d) periods. In particular, the EN85 group resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in weight gain compared with the EN70, FI85 and FI70 groups. Plasma total protein and albumin at 14 d of age (during FR) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the quantitative and qualitative FR groups, but these parameters at 35 d of age (after re-alimentation) were higher (p<0.05) in the EN85 and EN70 groups than in the CON group. Plasma IgG level was unaffected by dietary FR procedure. In cytokines, there was no significant difference in the expression of lymphocytic IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ at 14 d of age between the FR and the CON groups, whereas lymphocytic IL-6 and iNOS expression were significantly (p<0.05) lower in FI85 and FI70 groups. Moreover, lymphocytic iNOS was also significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitative and quantitative diets compared with those fed ad libitum. In the thymus, IL-4 expression was higher (p<0.05) in FI85 and FI70 groups, whereas IL-6 expression was lower (p<0.05) in the FI85 and FI70 groups than in the CON group. Thymic iNOS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitatively and quantitatively restricted diets compared with those fed ad libitum. At 35 d of age, there was no difference in the expression of IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ of lymphocytes and thymus between the FR and CON groups. In conclusion, 85% of quantitative and qualitative FR would have a beneficial effect on the expression of some cytokines including IL-4 and iNOS without change in growth performance of birds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.520-530
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• 2021

This experiment was performed to verify whether dietary heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) improves growth performance and modulates immune responses of weaned pigs. Ninety-six weaned pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc; 6.95 ± 0.25 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly allocated to four treatments: 1) a basal diet without heat-killed LR (CON), 2) T1 (CON with 0.1% heat-killed LR), 3) T2 (CON with 0.2% heat-killed LR), and 4) T3 (CON with 0.4% heat-killed LR). Each treatment had six pens with four pigs (6 replicates per treatment) in a randomized completely block design. The heat-killed LR used in this study contained 1 × 10⁹ FU/g of LR in a commercial product. Pigs were fed each treatment for four weeks using a two-phase feeding program to measure growth performance and frequency of diarrhea. During the last week of this study, all diets contained 0.2% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Fecal sampling was performed through rectal palpation for the consecutive three days after the four adaptation days to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy (GE). Blood sampling was also performed on day 1, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning to measure immune responses such as serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol. The heat-killed LR increased (p < 0.05) growth rate, feed efficiency, and ATTD of GE for overall experimental period compared with CON, but reduced (p < 0.05) post-weaning diarrhea. In addition, pigs fed diets contained heat-killed had lower concentrations of serum TNF-α (d 7; p < 0.05), TGF-β1 (d 7; p < 0.10), and cortisol (d 3 and 7; p < 0.05) than pigs fed CON. In conclusion, dietary heat-killed LR improved growth rate, modified immune responses of weaned pigs, and alleviated post-weaning diarrhea.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07d
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• pp.2245-2247
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 미지의 유계를 가진 불확실성을 포함한 비선형 시스템에 대한 고장 진단 설계를 제안한다. 제안된 고장 진단 필터는 비선형 관측기 설계 기술에 기초하여 설계되며, 신경망을 이용하여 고장 성분과 불확실성 성분을 추정하고 추정된 불확실성의 상한값을 고장 진단에 이용한다. 제안된 근사기는 불확실성과 고장 함수를 추정함으로써 고장 검출뿐만 아니라 고장 진단을 확인할 수 있도록 설계된다. 모의실험을 통해서 제안된 고장 진단 설계의 성능을 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1993.07b
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• pp.563-565
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• 1993

This paper describes ozone concentration and discharge characteristics in flowing $O_2$ with variation of Re at high voltage nozzle(HVN). HVN type ozonizer is equipped with ten nozzle. The important conclusions obtained from this paper are as follows. For constant pulse width(Pw) and pulse frequency(Pf) the more Re increases, the higher corona onset voltage(Vc) rise. Vc is inversely proportional to Pw and Pf. Ozone concentration($O_{3con}$) increases with less Re for constant Pw and Pf. $O_{3con}$ increases with less Pw. $O_{3con}$ is proportional to Pf.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1276-1278
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose an adaptive sliding mode observer-based control of induction motors with uncertainties. The proposed adaptive sliding mode flux observer generates estimates both for the unknown parameters(load torque and rotor resistance) and for the unmeasured state variable (rotor fluxes); they converge to the corresponding true value under persistency of excitation which actually holds in typical operating conditions. The proposed controller guarantees speed tracking and bounded signals for every initial condition of the motor. Simulations show that all estimation errors tend quickly to zero so that high tracking performances are achieved both for speed and rotor flux.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Animunin Powder$^{?}$ on the egg quality characteristics, blood components and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. A total of two hundred seventy laying hens were randomly allocated into three treaments with fifteen replications for eight weeks. Dietary treaments included 1) Control (CON), 2) Control + $0.1\%$ Animunin Powder$^{?}$ (AM1), 3) Control + $0.2\%$ Animunin Powder$^{?}$ (AM2). During the period of 0~4weeks, the birds fed the AM1 diet had an improved egg production compared to the birds fed the CON (P<0.05). During the period of 4~8weeks the birds fed AM1 diet showed a statistically improved egg production compared to the CON (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were founded in the egg weight. During the period of $4\~8$ weeks the hens fed the AM2 diet had improved egg yolk color compared to the hens fed CON and AM1 diets (P<0.05). In the Haugh unit for the period of $0~4$$weeks, the AM2 treatment showed significantly improved results compared to the CON (P<0.05). Average egg shell breaking showed no significant differences through the experiment period, but in the period of $4\~8$weeks the AM2 treatment tended to be improved compared to the CON and AM1 treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in egg shell thickness. In the serum cholesterol, the AM1 and AM2 treatments were significantly lower than the CON (P<0.05). The concentration of RBC and WBC in the AM treatments tended to increase but there were no significant differences. For the differences of lymphocytes between the end and initiation of the experiment, the hens fed the AM1 treatment were significantly different compared to the hens fed the CON and AM2 treatment (P<0.05). During the period of the experiment, the hens fed the AM1 diet were tended to show higher DM digestibility than the hens fed the CON and AM2 diet, but it was not statistically different. In conclusion, dieatry fed of Animunin Powder$^{?}$ could improve egg production, egg yolk color, and haugh unit.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.779-788
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• 2019

An experiment was conducted with 240 broiler chickens (ROSS 308) to evaluate the influence of supplementation of a probiotic feed mixture (PFM) including Bacillus subtillus, Streptomyces galilaeus, and Sphingobacteriaceae on growth performance and quality of chicken meats. Broiler chickens were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: 1) CON (no PFM as control), 2) CP3 (0.3% commercial probiotics), 3) PFM3 (0.3% PFM), and 4) PFM5 (0.5% PFM 0.5). They were then reared for 35 days. Body weight was significantly increased in CP3, PFM3, and PFM5 compared to that in CON (p<0.05). In addition, PFM3 and PFM5 had higher body weights then CP3 (p<0.05). Weights of F-sac, thymus, and spleen and IgG levels were significantly higher in CP3, PFM3, and PFM5 than those in CON (p<0.05). In addition, they were higher in PFM3 and PFM5 than those in CP3 (p<0.05). Broiler chickens fed diet with PFM3, PFM5, and CP3 also had higher numbers of Lactobacillus in cecum than broiler chickens fed CON diet (p<0.05). However, their numbers of E. coli, Salmonella, coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria were significantly reduced (p<0.05). Water holding capacity of breast meat was significantly improved in PFM3 and PFM5 compared to that in CON and CP3 (p<0.05). These results suggest that dietary 0.3% probiotic feed mixture including Bacillus subtillus, Streptomyces galilaeus, and Sphingobacteriaceae may improve growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.446-455
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of different performance sequences of aerobic and strength exercises for 10 weeks on the body composition, physical function, and hormones in males aged in their 20s. A total of 30 subjects (N=30) were assigned randomly to either aerobic and resistance exercise (n=10, A+R), resistance and aerobic exercise (n=10, R+A), or a control group (n=10, CON). The different order of aerobic (HRmax 50-80%, 30 min) and resistance (50-80% 1RM, 30 min) exercises for 10 weeks was consisted of 3 times per week and 80 minutes per session. The body composition, physical function, and hormones were measured before and after the training period. The lean body mass (p=.015) was increased and the fat mass (p=.042) and % body fat (p=.007) in the A+R were decreased. The skeletal muscle mass (p=.001) in the R+A was increased and % body fat was decreased (p=.003). The weight (p=.03) and % body fat (p=.039) in the CON were increased. The aerobic capacity (p=.011) and muscular endurance (p=.001) in the A+R group were improved. The muscular endurance (p=.0016) in the R+A was improved. The epinephrine (p=.048), norepinephrine (p=.013), and cortisol (p=.045) levels in the A+R group were increased. The epinephrine (p=.046) level in the R+A group was increased. The insulin (p=.007) level increased in the CON group. In conclusion, both A+R and R+A groups produced superior results to the CON group but the A+R group was slightly more efficient than the R+A group.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.550-561
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• 2023

This study investigated the effects of corn resistant starch (RS) on the anti-obesity properties, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters in healthy beagles. Four spayed and six castrated beagle dogs were divided into a control group (CON) with a diet comprising rice and chicken meal and a treatment group (TRT) with a diet comprising corn with an increased RS content by heating-cooling and chicken meal. All dogs in the CON and TRT groups were fed a 1.2-fold higher energy diet than the daily recommended energy requirement for 16 weeks. Throughout the study period, the body weight of dogs in CON increased, whereas no change in body weight was observed in TRT, resulting in a significant difference in body weight between the two groups at the end of the experiment. Moreover, a significant reduction in the apparent total tract digestibility was observed upon the analysis of dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, and organic matter in TRT compared with that in CON. The complete blood cell composition and biochemical parameters were within the reference range in both groups. A significant increase in the concentration of serum adiponectin was found in TRT at the end of the experiment. These results suggest that the corn RS may be beneficial for weight management owing to its reduced nutrient digestibility.