• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.123-139
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• 2019

주요 구인구직사이트의 직무분류체계가 사이트마다 상이하고 SW분야에서 제안한 'SQF(Sectoral Qualifications Framework)'의 직무분류체계와도 달라 SW산업에서 SW기업, SW구직자, 구인구직사이트가 모두 납득할 수 있는 새로운 직무분류체계가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 주요 구인구직사이트의 구인정보와 'NCS(National Competaency Standars)'에 기반을 둔 SQF를 분석하여 시장 수요를 반영한 표준 직무분류체계를 구축하는 것이다. 이를 위해 주요 구인구직사이트의 직종 간 연관분석과 SQF와 직종 간 연관분석을 실시하여 직종 간 연관규칙을 도출하고자 한다. 이 연관규칙을 이용하여 주요 구인구직사이트의 직무분류체계를 맵핑하고 SQF와 직무 분류체계를 맵핑함으로써 데이터 기반의 지능형 직무분류체계를 제안하였다. 연구 결과 국내 주요 구인구직사이트인 '워크넷,' '잡코리아,' '사람인'에서 3만여 건의 구인정보를 open API를 이용하여 XML 형태로 수집하여 데이터베이스에 저장했다. 이 중 복수의 구인구직사이트에 동시 게시된 구인정보 900여 건을 필터링한 후 빈발 패턴 마이닝(frequent pattern mining)인 Apriori 알고리즘을 적용하여 800여 개의 연관규칙을 도출하였다. 800여 개의 연관규칙을 바탕으로 워크넷, 잡코리아, 사람인의 직무분류체계와 SQF의 직무분류체계를 맵핑하여 1~4차로 분류하되 분류의 단계가 유연한 표준 직무분류체계를 새롭게 구축했다. 본 연구는 일부 전문가의 직관이 아닌 직종 간 연관분석을 통해 데이터를 기반으로 직종 간 맵핑을 시도함으로써 시장 수요를 반영하는 새로운 직무분류체계를 제안했다는데 의의가 있다. 다만 본 연구는 데이터 수집 시점이 일시적이기 때문에 시간의 흐름에 따라 변화하는 시장의 수요를 충분히 반영하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 계절적 요인과 주요 공채 시기 등 시간에 따라 시장의 요구하는 변해갈 것이기에 더욱 정확한 매칭을 얻기 위해서는 지속적인 데이터 모니터링과 반복적인 실험이 필요하다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 SW산업 분야에서 SQF의 개선방향을 제시하는데 활용될 수 있고, SW산업 분야에서 성공을 경험삼아 타 산업으로 확장 이전될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2007

시스템의 기능을 바꾸어 가면서 여러 개의 어플리케이션을 작동시키는 임베디드 시스템을 멀티모드(multi-mode) 임베디드 시스템이라 부른다. 더 나아가서 하나의 모드가 여러 개의 태스크로 구성된 임베디드 시스템을 멀티모드 멀티태스크(multi-task) 임베디드 시스템이라 부른다. 본 논문에서는 시간제한 조건을 가지고 있는 멀티모드 멀티태스크 임베디드 어플리케이션을 대상으로 하는 HW/SW 분할 방법에 대한 연구이다. 시간제한 조건을 만족하는 스케줄과 함께 태스크의 기능모듈(functional module)을 동작시킬 효율적인 처리 자원(processing resource)을 할당/매핑하여 시스템의 비용(가격)을 최대한 낮추는 것이 목적이다. 이 문제를 잘 풀기 위해 중요한 것은 모듈사이의 병렬성을 최대한 이용하여 실행시키는 것이다. 그러나 이전의 HW/SW 분할 방법은 모듈의 병렬 실행 가능성을 최대한 이용하지 않았는데, 병렬성 이용을 위한 탐색 계산이 복잡할 뿐 아니라 스케줄 가능성(schedulability) 검사를 단순하게 하려고 하였기 때문이다. 기존 방법의 한계를 극복하기 위해서 우리는 다음의 세 개의 세부문제를 동시에 고려하는 HW/SW 분할 기법을 제안한다: (1) 처리 자원의 할당 (2) 태스크 모듈에 대한 처리 자원 매핑 (3) 모듈실행 스케줄의 결정. 특별히 모듈의 병렬 실행과 실행 가능성을 간결하게 측정하는데 바탕을 둔 단순모드(single-mode) 멀티태스크 어플리케이션에 대한 반복 개선 방식을 갖는 분할 기법을 만들었다. 다시 이 기법을 확장하여 멀티모드 멀티태스크 어플리케이션의 분할 기법을 만들었다. 실제 사용되는 어플리케이션을 대상으로 한 실험에서 제안된 우리의 기법이 기존의 방법에 비해서 단순모드와 멀티모드 멀티태스크 어플리케이션에 대해서 각각 17.0%와 19.0%의 가격을 낮추는 것이 확인되었다.기존의 단량체인 Bis-GMA의 대체재로 고려될 수 있다. 혈중 cholestrol의 증가는 비만, 동맥경화, 고혈압 등의 심혈관 질환과 당뇨병 지방 대사 장해 등을 일으킨다. 함량의 경우 정상군에 비해 대조군은 1.74배 증가하였다. 그에 비해 RCM 투여군의 경우 대조군에 비해 57.4%의 예방효과를 측정할 수 있었다. HDL-콜레스테롤은 항 동맥경화의 지표로서 콜레스테롤을 말초혈관에서 간으로 수송하여 동맥경화를 진행시키지 않는 방향으로 콜레스테롤을 운반하여 지질대사 장해에 대한 방어 작용을 지니고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 정상군에 비해 대조군은 2.62배 감소하였다. 그에 비해 RCM 투여군은 대조군보다 81.6% 증대되는 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 과산화 지질 (Malondialdehyde)의 경우 지질조직의 손상정도를 나타내는 중요한 효소로 인정되고 있으며, 조직의 손상, 발암, 염증, 성인병 및 노화 등과 같은 여러 가지 유해 작용을 일으킨다. 정상군에 비해 대조군은 1.74배 수치가 증가되었으며, RCM투여군의 대조군과 비교 시 57.4% 감소되는 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 LPS로부터 유도된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 복분자의 선투여 후 예방효과를 알아보았다. 생약재의 일종인 복분자의 경우 LPS로 유도된 산화적 스트레스 억제 및 지질대사로부터의 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되며 지질과산화에 대해서 강한 억제 활성을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 복분자는 생활 습관병의 예방과 개선에 유효한 것으로 사료되었으며, 지질대사와 과산화지표의 검증을 통해 기능성 식품소재로 활용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.로서 역시 CTV 치료계획에서 적게 조사되었다(p=0.005). 기존의 ICRU 치료계획은 잔류종양의 크기가 작은 경우 불필요하게 정상조직에 많은 선량이 투여되기 때문에 CT를 이용한 CTV 치료계획을 적용하여 정상조직에 대한 피폭을

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2015

에너지 절감형 서버 클러스터는 에너지 절감을 고려하지 않는 기존 서버 클러스터에 비해 서비스 품질을 보장하면서 전력소비를 절감하는 것을 목표로 한다. 에너지 절감형 서버 클러스터에서는 현재의 부하를 처리하는 데 필요한 최소수의 서버들만 ON 하도록 고정 또는 가변 주기로 서버들의 전원모드를 조정한다. 이에 대한 기존 연구들은 전력 절감 또는 서비스 품질을 보장하려고 노력해왔지만 에너지 효율성을 잘 고려하지는 못했다. 본 논문에서는 에너지 절감형 클러스터에서 자율학습기반의 에너지 효율적인 클러스터 관리 기법을 제안한다. 자율학습을 통해 최적화된 파라미터들을 이용하여 전력 소모 대비 최고의 성능을 얻을 수 있도록 서버 전원모드를 조정한다. 제안방법은 서버 전원모드 조정을 위해 아래의 과정을 반복 수행한다. 첫째, 현재 부하 및 트래픽 패턴을 보고 현재 워크로드 패턴 유형을 사전에 정의한 대로 분류한다. 둘째, 학습 테이블을 탐색하여 해당 워크로드 패턴 유형에 대해 예전에 학습이 수행되었는지 확인한다. 만일 수행되었다면 이미 저장된 파라미터를 이용한다. 그렇지 않으면, 학습을 수행하여 에너지 효율성 관점에서 최고의 파라미터를 얻어 저장한다. 셋째, 얻어진 파라미터를 이용하여 서버 전원모드를 조정한다. 제안방법을 구현하여 16개의 서버 클러스터 환경에서 3가지 다른 부하 패턴들을 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과는 제안방법의 에너지 효율성이 뛰어남을 보여주고 있다. 뱅킹 부하패턴, 실제 부하패턴, 가상 부하패턴 각각에 대하여, 제안방법의 단위전력당 good 응답 수가 기존의 정적 서버 전원모드 제어방법의 99.9%, 107.5%, 141.8%이고, 기존의 예측방법의 102.0%, 107.0%, 106.8%이다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2007

부정확한 실시간시스템은 시간적으로 긴급한 태스크들을 융통성있게 스케줄링해줄 수 있다. 총 오류를 최소화시키면서 0/1제약조건과 시간적 제약조건들을 모두 만족시키는 대부분의 스케줄링문제들은 선택적 태스크들이 임의의 수행시간을 갖고 있을 때 NP-complete이다. Liu는 단일처리기상에서 0/1제약조건을 갖는 태스크들을 총 오류가 최소화되도록 스케줄링시킬 수 있는 합리적인 전략을 제시하였다. 또한, 송 등은 다중처리기상에서 0/1제약조건을 갖는 태스크들을 총 오류가 최소화되도록 스케줄링시킬 수 있는 합리적인 전략을 제시하였다. 그러나, 이러한 알고리즘들은 모두 오프라인 알고리즘들이다. 그런데, 온라인 스케줄링에 있어서, NORA알고리즘은 부정확한 온라인 태스크 시스템상에서 최소의 총 오류를 갖는 스케줄을 찾을 수 있다. 이러한 NORA알고리즘에 있어서, EDF전략이 선택적 스케줄링에 적용되었다. 한편, 0/1 제약조건을 갖는 태스크시스템에 있어서는, EDF스케줄링이 총 오류가 최소화된다는 측면에서 최적이 아닐수도 있다 더욱이, 선택적 태스크들이 그들의 실행요구시간의 오름차순으로 스케쥴될 때, EBF전략이 적용된 NORA알고리즘이 최소의 총오류를 산출할 수 없을지도 모른다. 그러므로, 본 논문에서는, 0/1제약조건을 갖는 부정확한 태스크 시스템의 총 오류를 최소화시키는 온라인 알고리즘이 제안되었다. 그리고나서, 제시된 알고리즘과 NORA 알고리즘 사이의 성능을 비교하기 위하여 여러 가지 실험들이 수행되었다. 두 알고리즘들 사이의 성능비교의 결과로서, 선택적 태스크들이 그들의 실행요구시간들의 임의의 순서대로 스케줄 될 때는 제안된 알고리즘이 NORA알고리즘과 비슷한 총 오류를 산출하지만 특별히 선택적 태스크들이 그들의 실행요구시간들의 오름차순으로 스케줄 될 때는 제안된 알고리즘이 NORA알고리즘보다 더 적은 총 오류를 산출할 수 있음이 밝혀졌다. 프라이버시 문제를 해결하도록 방안을 제시한다. 구간 보안 역시 완전한 솔루션을 제시하고 있지는 않다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 취약성을 고찰하고 그에 따른 대응방안을 제시하였다.긴 경우가 1예 있었으며, 수술 후 30일내 사망한 예가 1예였고 다른 1예는 전이성 암으로 사망하였다. 걸론: 근치적 방법으로 치료가 힘든 경우의 만성 농흉 환자들에게 있어 개방식 배농술과 근육이식술, 근육피판을 이용한 최종적인 개방창 폐쇄술까지의 단계적인 접근 방법이 안전하고 효과적인 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.만으로 야뇨횟수에 호전을 보이는 초기반응군 경우 2개월째 투약반응이 유의하게 좋았다. 이로써 야뇨증의 치료초기 행동요법에 대한 반응정도는 치료효과를 예측하는 지표로서 활용될 수 있다고 판단된다.지침을 제공할 수 있다. 소아의 첫 요로감염시 초음파나 $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA 신장 스캔상에서 양성소견이 있을 경우 배뇨성 방광 요도 조영술 검사를 시행하는 것이 좋으며, 초음파와 $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA 신장 스캔상에서 양성소견이 없을 경우라도 CRP 또는 백혈구 등의 임상자료들을 평가하여 배뇨성 방광 요도 조영술 검사를 시행유무를 결정하는 것이 잔존하는 방광요관역류를 찾는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.O$로 고칼슘뇨군에서 더 농축된 소변을 보았다(P=0.003). 결론 :고칼슘뇨군의 소변화학검사의 가장 특징적인 소견은 요소 배설과 사구체여과율의 증가로서 이는 고칼슘뇨군이 비고칼슘뇨군에 비하여 고단백식이를 하고 있을 가능성을 시사한다. 나트륨과 칼슘은 사구체 여과가 증가함에 따라 원위세뇨관 및 집합관에 도달하는 양도 증가하고 그 곳에서 나트륨의 재흡수 기전이 매우 정교하게 이루어지는데 비하여 칼슘의 그 것은 그렇지 못하여 고칼슘뇨증을 일으켰을 가능성이 있다. 향후 고칼슘뇨 환아를 진료함에 있어서 단백질 섭취 등식이

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.584-609
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of the galvanic corrosion behaviour of the titanium in contact with gold alloy, silva-palladium alloy, and nickel-chromium alloy using the immersion and electrochemical method. And the effects of galvallit couples between titanium and the dental alloys were assessed for their usefulness as materials for superstructure. The immersion method was performed by measuring the amount of metal elementsreleased by Inductivey coupled plasma emission spectroscopy(ICPES) The specimen of fifteen titanium plates, the five gold alloy, five silver-palladium, five nickel-chromium plates, and twenty acrylic resin plates ware fabricated, and also the specimen of sixty titanium plugs, the thirty gold alloy, thirty silver-palladium, and nickelc-hromium plugs were made. Thereafter, each plug of gold alloy, silver-palladium, and nickel-chromium inserted into the the titanium and acrylic resin plate, and also titanium plug inserted into the acrylic resin plate. The combination specimens uf galvanic couples immersed in 70m1 artificial saliva solution, and also specimens of four type alloy(that is, titanium, gold, silver-palladium and nickel-chromium alloy) plugs were immersed solely in 70m1 artificial sativa solution. The amount of metal elements released was observed during 21 weeks in the interval of each seven week. The electrochemical method was performed using computer-controlled potentiosta(Autostat 251. Sycopel Sicentific Ltd., U.K). The wax patterns(diameter 11.0mm, thickness,in 1.5mm) of four dental casting alloys were casted by centrifugal method and embedded in self-curing acrylic resin to be about $1.0cm^2$ of exposed surface area. Embedded specimens were polished with silicone carbide paper to #2,000, and ultrasonically cleaned. The working electrode is the specimen of four dental casting alloys, the reference electrode is a saturated calmel electrode(SCE) and the ounter electrode is made of platinum plate. In the artificial saliva solution, the potential scanning was carried out starting from-700mV(SCE) TO +1,000mV(SCE) and the scan rate was 75mV/min. Each polarization curve of alloy was recorded automatically on a logrithmic graphic paper by XY recorder. From the polarization curves of each galvanic couple, corrosion potential and corrosion rates, that is, corrosion density were compared and order of corrosion tendency was determined. From the experiments, the following results were obtained : 1. In the case of immersing titanium, gold alloy, silver-palladium alloy, and nickel-chromium alloysolely in the artificial saliva solution(group 1, 2, 3, and 4), the total amount of metal elements released was that group 4 was greater about 2, 3 times than group 3, and about 7.8 times than group 2. In the case of group 1, the amount of titanium released was not found after 8 week(p<0.001). 2. In the case of galvanic couples of titanium in contact with alloy(group 5, 6), the total amount of metal elements released of group 5 and 6 was less than that of group 7, 8, 9, and 10(p<0.05). 3. In the case of galvanic couples of titanium in contact with silver-palladium alloy(group 7, 8), the total amount of metal elements released of group 7 was greater about twice than that of group 5, and that of group 8 was about 14 times than that of group 6(p<0.05). 4. In the case of galvanic couples of titanium in contact with nickel-chromium alloy(group 9, 10), the total amount of metal elements released of group 9 and 10 was greater about 1.8-3.2 times than that of group 7 and 8, and was greater about 4.3~25 times than that of group 5 and 6(p<0.05). 5. In the effect of galvanic corrosion according to the difference of the area ratio of cathode and anode, the total amount of metal elements released was that group 5 was greater about 4 times than group 6, group 8 was greater about twice than group 7, and group 10 was greater about 1.5 times than group 9(p<0.05). 6. In the effect of galvanic corrosion according to the elasped time during 21 week in the interval of each 7 week, the amount of metal elements released was decreased markedly in the case of galvanic couples of the titanium in contact with gold alloy and silver-palladium alloy but the total amount of nickel and beryllium released was not decreased markedly in the case of galvanic couples of the titanium in contact with nickel-chromium alloy(p<0.05). 7. In the case of galvanic couples of titanium in contact with gold alloy, galvanic current was lower than any other galvanic couple. 8. In the case of galvanic couples of titanium in contact with nickel-chromium alloy, galvanic current was highest among other galvanic couples.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.115-134
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• 1991

연금계획(年金計劃)은 그 계획의 형태와 관계없이 경제(經濟) 및 인구(人口)와 여러가지 경로로 상호반응(相互反應)한다. 인구(人口)의 연령구조변화(年齡構造變化)는 연금수급권자(年金受給權者)의 수(數)에 영향을 미치고 인구변화(人口變化)는 노동력(勞動力)의 규모(規模)나 연령구성(年齡構成)에 또한 영향을 미쳐서 연금계획(年金計劃)이 국가재정(國家財政) 또는 국민소득규모(國民所得規模)에 영향을 미치게 된다. 인구변수(人口變數)는 따라서 국민연금계획(國民年金計劃)의 경제적(經濟的) 부담(負擔)과 그 부담을 지탱해 주는 경제력(經濟力) 양자에 영향을 미치게 된다. 그동안의 연금(年金)에 관련된 추계(推計)는 경제적(經濟的) 제변수(諸變數)를 외생변수(外生變數)로 가정(假定)하고 연금재정(年金財政)을 시뮬레이션하여 왔는데 연금기금(年金基金)이 소규모(小規模)인 초기단계(初期段階)에서는 무난한 방법(方法)이라고 볼 수 있지만 공적연금제도(公的年金制度)의 규모가 커지고 연금제도가 경제(經濟) 제변수(諸變數)에 영향을 미치는 단계에서는 이러한 상호반응관계(相互反應關係)를 반영(反映)하여야 한다. 본(本) 모형(模型)은 경제를 인구노동부문(人口勞動部門), 일반경제부문(一般經濟部門), 연금부문(年金部門)으로 3등분하여 상호연계시킴으로써 연금부문내(年金部門內)의 변수(變數)들이 일반경제(一般經濟)에 미치는 효과를 측정할 수 있도록 하여 연금재정운영방식(年金財政運營方式), 연금급부(年金給付)의 실질가치(實質價値) 유지방법(維持方法), 저축행태(貯蓄行態), 연금급부율(年金給付率), 인구구조(人口構造)의 변화(變化) 등 연금제도(年金制度)와 관련한 제변수(諸變數)가 국민경제(國民經濟)에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 분석(分析)하고 있다. 시뮬레이션의 결과 적립방식(積立方式)의 연금제도도입(年金制度導入)은 본격적인 연금급부(年金給付)가 시작되는 시점(時點)까지는 경제성장(經濟成長)을 오히려 돕는 역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났고, 연금급부지출(年金給付支出)이 총수입(總收入)을 초과하는 시점(時點) 이후부터는 경제(經濟)에 부담을 가중시켜 경제성장률(經濟成長率)을 둔화시키는 것으로 나타났으며 물가지수연동제(物價指數連動制) 대신에 임금지수연동제(賃金指數連動制)를 도입할 경우 연금급부지출(年金給付支出)이 증대되어 연금재정수지(年金財政收支)를 더 악화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 출생률(出生率) 및 사망률(死亡率) 수준도 장기적인 부담(負擔)을 결정하는 요소로 분석되었다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2004

목적 : 자기공명영상시스템에서 양자화잡음을 분석하였다. 신호대양자화잡음비를 이론적으로 유도하였고 다양한 자기공명영상시스템에서 신호대양자화잡음비를 계산하였다. 이러한 계산으로부터 고자장영상시스템에서는 양자화잡음이 전체시스템의 신호대잡음비를 결정짓는 주된 잡음원이 될 수 있음을 보였다. 하드웨어의 교체없이 양자화잡음을 줄일 수 있는 방법들을 제시하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 자기공명영상에서 사용되는 Fourier 영상기법에서는 위상 및 주파수 인코딩 방법으로 자기공명신호를 공간주파수 형태의 신호로 변환하여 측정하게 된다. 따라서 공간주파수 영역에서 발생하는 양자화잡음을 재구성된 영상에서의 신호대양자화잡음비로 나타내었다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 실험을 통하여 유도된 식의 타당성을 보였다. 결과 : 유도된 식을 이용하여 다양한 주 자장 및 수신 시스템에 대하여 신호대양자잡음비를 계산하였다. 양자화잡음은 신호의 크기에 비례하여 증가하므로 상대적으로 신호가 큰 고자장 시스템에서 보다 큰 문제점으로 부각될 수 있다. 많은 수신 시스템에서 채택하고 있는 16 bits/샘플 양자기로는 양자화 잡음이 고자장 시스템에서 기대되는 신호대잡음비의 향상을 제한할 수 있는 주된 잡음원이 될 수 있음을 보였다. 결론 : fMRI나 spectroscopy를 위하여 자기공명영상의 주 자장은 지속적으로 높아지고 있다. 고자장에서는 신호가 커지고, susceptibility와 스펙트럼의 분리가 커져서 fMRI 나 spectroscopy에 유리한 면이 많다. 양자화잡음은 신호의 크기에 비례하여 증가하기 때문에 만약 양자기의 변환 비트가 충분히 크지 않을 경우 양자화잡음이 커져 신호의 증가에 비례하는 신호대잡음비의 향상을 이룰 수 없다. 이 논문에서는 신호대양자화잡음비를 이론적으로 유도하고, 다양한 자장의 세기 및 수신 시스템에 대하여 신호대양자화잡음비를 계산함으로써 고자장에서, 특히 상대적으로 신호가 큰 3차원영상에서 , 양자화잡음이 전체 시스템의 신호대잡음비를 제한할 수 있는 주된 잡음원이 될 수 있음을 보였다. 근원적인 해결책은 아닐 수 있으나 oversampling과 에코의 센터를 비껴가는 샘플링으로 하드웨어의 향상없이 양자화잡음을 줄일 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.259-269
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• 1995

석탄연소 폐기물 (Pulverised Fuel Ash: PFA)을 17년, 40년 매립 풍화받은 것 그리고 현재 발생하는 신선한 시료등으로 구분 영국내 2개 화력발전소로부터 각각 채취하여 주상용출시험 (Column leaching test)을 실시하였다. 용매는 증류수와 인공합성 침출수의 2가지를 이용하였다. 전자의 경우 풍화 시료의 용출행태를 주로 알아보고자 하였으며 후자의 경우 PFA시료와 용매간의 반응중에 발생하는 2차 물질형성이 폐수처리중 중금속제거에 활용가능성이 있는가를 알아보자고 함이었다. 신선한 시료로부터 매우 높은 함량의 원소방출이 관찰된다. 이는 Ca, Na, K, B, Cr, Li, Mo, Se, 그리고 $SO^{2-}_4$등을 포함한다. 이는 원소들의 분포위치에 관한 정보를 제공하며 이들원소의 입자 표면 수반을 시사한다. 풍화 받은 시료로부터 채취된 용액시료에서는 신선한 시료와는 달리 원소들의 급격한 초기방출은 관찰되지 않으며 비교적 일정함량을 보이며 매우 완만한 농도감소 현상을 보인다. 이는 17년과 40년이라는 매립기간중 표면의 용융성원소들의 방출을 의미하며 입자를 주로 구성하는 유리질물질에 수반되는 부분이 이들 시료에서의 원소방출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다. 증류수를 이용한 실험결과를 여러가지 침출수배출기준, 음용수기준치 등과 비교시 PFA는 이들 기준에 초과하는 농도를 나타내는바 침출수배출시에는 희석 등의 처리가 필요할 것으로 생각되며 매립시 침출수가 지하수로 유입되지 않도록 하여야할 것으로 보인다. 인공 침출수가 PFA기둥을 통과하며 많은 중금속 - B, Fe, Zn, Hg, Ni, Li, Mo -등이 침출수로부터 제거되며 이 제거정도는 신선한 Drax > 풍화 Drax > 풍화 Meaford 시료의 순이다. 물분석시료를 지구화학 모델링 프로그램인 WATEQ4F를 이용하여 PFA 침출수내의 농도조정물질의 존재여부를 알아본 결과 Ca의 경우 $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$, Al의 경우 $Al(OH)_3$, Fe는 $Fe(OH)_3$ 등이 PFA침출수내에 각 해당원소의 농도를 제한하는 2차물질로 판단되었다.