• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.370-376
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• 2023

Background The posterior ledge (PL) is a vital structure that supports the implant posteriorly during orbital floor reconstruction. This study describes a technique for mapping the PL in relation to the infraorbital margin (IM) in patients with orbital floor blowout fractures. This study establishes the location of the optic foramen in relation to the PL. Methods Facial computed tomography (FCT) scans of 67 consecutive patients with isolated orbital floor blowout fractures were analyzed using Osirix. Planes of reference for orbital fractures, a standardized technique for performing measurements on FCT, was used. Viewed coronally, the orbit was divided into seven equal sagittal slices (L1 laterally to L7 medially) with reference to the midorbital plane. The distances of PL from IM and location of optic foramen were determined. Results The greatest distance to PL is found at L5 (median: 30.1 mm, range: 13.5-37.1 mm). The median and ranges for each slice are as follows: L1 (median: 0.0 mm, range: 0.0-19.9 mm), L2 (median: 0.0 mm, range: 0.0-21.5 mm), L3 (median: 15.8 mm, range: 0.0-31.7 mm), L4 (median: 26.1 mm, range: 0.0-34.0 mm), L5 (median: 30.1 mm, range: 13.5-37.1 mm), L6 (median: 29.0 mm, range: 0.0-36.3 mm), L7 (median: 20.8 mm, range: 0.0-39.2 mm). The median distance of the optic foramen from IM is 43.7 mm (range: 37.0- 49.1) at L7.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2023

Unstandardized medical data collection and management are still being conducted manually, and studies are being conducted to classify CT data using deep learning to solve this problem. However, most studies are developing models based only on the axial plane, which is a basic CT slice. Because CT images depict only human structures unlike general images, reconstructing CT scans alone can provide richer physical features. This study seeks to find ways to achieve higher performance through various methods of converting CT scan to 2D as well as axial planes. The training used 1042 CT scans from five body parts and collected 179 test sets and 448 with external datasets for model evaluation. To develop a deep learning model, we used InceptionResNetV2 pre-trained with ImageNet as a backbone and re-trained the entire layer of the model. As a result of the experiment, the reconstruction data model achieved 99.33% in body part classification, 1.12% higher than the axial model, and the axial model was higher only in brain and neck in contrast classification. In conclusion, it was possible to achieve more accurate performance when learning with data that shows better anatomical features than when trained with axial slice alone.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.571-582
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• 2022

In this study, the raw material and tempers of bricks used in three brick tombs built in Gongju, during the Ungjin period of Baekje were investigated. The royal tomb of King Muryeong, the 6th tomb in the royal tombs, and Kyochonri brick tomb remained in Gongju and the bricks of each site had different shape and physical properties despite their similarity in raw materials. As the results of the mineralogical and microstructural analysis, the bricks of the royal tombs were made of refined raw materials, and were infrequently added crushed bricks(grogs) as a tempering material. On the other hand, thick and elongated pores of bricks from the Kyochonri brick tomb were frequently found, and the remains of plant carbonization are observed in their microstructures. Since the pores are mainly distributed in a thickness of 0.3 to 1 mm, it is estimated that bricks were produced by adding a certain size of the plant to refined soil, and grogs also were added as a tempering material. In particular, it was found that adding plants and grogs in raw materials of bricks caused thick pores or cracks in the internal structure. Since the bricks of the Kyochonri brick tomb have internal cracks and low firing temperature, the ultrasonic velocity of the bricks was lower than that of the royal tomb bricks. It means that the mechanical strength of these bricks were relatively low. Accordingly, it is estimated that the tempering materials, firing temperature, and internal structures of bricks can affect durability of the brick, and it can be thought as a difference in the manufacturing technology of brick making.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2022

The implant prosthesis of anterior maxilla requires careful consideration in planning. In order to satisfy both esthetic and functional needs of a patient, fusion of intra-oral scan in Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and facial scan can be considered. Bony structures and soft tissues captured in CBCT and occlusal surfaces of intra oral scan were incorporated into personal characteristics from facial scan. The patient had insufficient buccal bone on maxillary anterior area. The maxillary implants could not be placed on the most ideal position. However, the "top down" approach completed by computer-generated arranging of teeth in implant planning and surgery with surgical guide resulted in esthetically and functionally satisfying result regardless of the limitation. Careful diagnosis with digital technique and the usage of surgical guide resulted in successful surgery and esthetic restoration. The temporary fixed prostheses were designed, restored and evaluated. The patient was not satisfied with the first design of temporary prosthesis, which showed uneven space distribution between teeth due to the position of maxillary implant. The design was modified by changing proximal emergence contours and line angle to alter the perceived since of incisors. The patient was satisfied with the new design of provisional restoration. A digital occlusion analyzer (Arcus Digma II, KaVo, Leutkirch, Germany) was used to measure inherent condylar guidance and anterior guidance of a patient to provide a definitive prosthesis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transverse process (TP) hook system at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) for preventing screw pullout in adult spinal deformity surgery using the pedicle Hounsfield unit (HU) stratification based on K-means clustering. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 74 patients who underwent deformity correction surgery between 2011 and 2020 and were followed up for >12 months. Pre- and post-operative data were used to determine the incidence of screw pullout, UIV TP hook implementation, vertebral body HU, pedicle HU, and patient outcomes. Data was then statistically analyzed for assessment of efficacy and risk prediction using stratified HU at UIV level alongside the effect of the TP hook system. Results : The screw pullout rate was 36.4% (27/74). Perioperative radiographic parameters were not significantly different between the pullout and non-pullout groups. The vertebral body HU and pedicle HU were significantly lower in the pullout group. K-means clustering stratified the vertebral body HU ≥205.3, <137.2, and pedicle HU ≥243.43, <156.03. The pullout rate significantly decreases in patients receiving the hook system when the pedicle HU was from ≥156.03 to < 243.43 (p<0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant in the vertebra HU stratified groups and when pedicle HU was ≥243.43 or <156.03. The postoperative clinical outcomes improved significantly with the implementation of the hook system. Conclusion : The UIV hook provides better clinical outcomes and can be considered a preventative strategy for screw-pullout in the certain pedicle HU range.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 2023

Objective : Stroke caused from large vessel occlusion (LVO) has emerged as the most common stroke subtype worldwide. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration (IV-tPA) and additional intraarterial thrombectomy (IA-Tx) is regarded as standard treatment. In this study, the authors try to find the early recanalization rate of IV-tPA in LVO stroke patients. Methods : Total 300 patients undertook IA-Tx with confirmed anterior circulation LVO, were analyzed retrospectively. Brain computed tomography angiography (CTA) was the initial imaging study and acute stroke magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) followed after finished IV-tPA. Early recanalization rate was evaluated by acute stroke MRA within 2 hours after the IV-tPA. In 167 patients undertook IV-tPA only and 133 non-recanalized patients by IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx tried (IV-tPA + IA-Tx group). And 131 patients, non-recanalized by IV-tPA (IV-tPA group) additional IA-Tx recommend and tried according to the patient condition and compliance. Results : Early recanalization rate of LVO after IV-tPA was 12.0% (36/300). In recanalized patients, favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0-2) was 69.4% (25/36) while it was 32.1% (42/131, p<0.001) in non-recanalized patients. Among 133 patients, non-recanalized after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and undertook additional IA-Tx, the clinical outcome was better than not undertaken additional IA-Tx (favorable outcome was 42.9% vs. 32.1%, p=0.046). Analysis according to the perfusion/diffusion (P/D)-mismatching or not, in patient with IV-tPA with IA-Tx (133 patients), favorable outcome was higher in P/D-mismatching patient (52/104; 50.0%) than P/D-matching patients (5/29; 17.2%; p=0.001). Which treatment tired, P/D-mismatching was favored in clinical outcome (iv-tPA only, p=0.008 and IV-tPA with IA-Tx, p=0.001). Conclusion : The P/D-mismatching influences on the recanalization and clinical outcomes of IV-tPA and IA-Tx. The authors would like to propose that we had better prepare IA-Tx when LVO is diagnosed on initial diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, if the patient shows P/D-mismatching on MRA after IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx improves treatment results and lessen the futile recanalization.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2022

Esthetic restoration of maxillary anterior implant heavily depends on the direction of installation of implant fixture. In patients with malpositioned implant, it is crucial to communicate the limitations of prosthetic outcome with the patient before starting on a restoration. To facilitate the communication, three-dimensional virtual representation by superimposing facial and intraoral digital scans with Computed Tomography (CT, dicom file) was used for visualization of the limitations of prosthesis. Through digital diagnostic wax-up, the profile of right maxillary anterior incisor implant was expected to be protrusive, which the patient was not satisfied with. Since the patient already had done root canal treatment on left maxillary anterior incisor due to previous trauma, a new prosthetic design including both right and left maxillary anterior incisors was presented to the patient. The second design was chosen and his comments were delivered to dental lab. The patient was satisfied with the new prosthesis, aesthetically and functionally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.375-384
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• 2023

Most Hepatic hemangiomas are asymptomatic and small in size, making them difficult to find by pathological examination. Therefore, radiological diagnosis is essential for the early finding and diagnosis of Hepatic hemangioma. Three-phase method using contrast medium in computed tomography, T1, T2-weighted imaging in magnetic resonance imaging, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging using contrast medium, echo planar imaging method, diffusion-weighted imaging method, blood pool scan using ^99mTc-labeled red blood cells in nuclear medicine, we looked at the color doppler method In ultrasound, and it is important to accurately understand the imaging findings of hepatic hemangioma and perform the examination in order to make an accurate diagnosis. most hepatic hemangioma are benign tumors, care should be taken not to confuse them with malignant tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma to prevent unnecessary procedures. Therefore, in order to make an accurate diagnosis, it is important to accurately understand the imaging findings of hemangioma and perform the examination.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.574-585
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• 2023

Sarcopenia is a leading cause of increased medical and nursing care costs among the elderly. In Korea, preventive measures for sarcopenia are mostly targeted toward the general elderly population without specific diseases. However, it is also necessary to implement measures for elderly individuals living in nursing homes and hospitals, where the prevalence of sarcopenia is high. Currently, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging are considered standard diagnostic tools. However, their complexity and time-consuming nature make them unsuitable for clinical use. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of sarcopenia are unclear, as they involve various molecular biological pathways, including decreased exercise, protein and nutrient intake, changes in testosterone and growth hormone, and inflammation. Sarcopenia symptoms can lead to several diseases, such as osteoporosis, fractures, dementia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin B deficiency is a significant factor in sarcopenia induction, with B vitamins being directly involved in energy and protein metabolism and nerve function. Vitamin B deficiency can lead to neuromuscular and neurogenic disorders, which often overlap with sarcopenia. Suboptimal intake of B vitamins, malabsorption, and anorexia are common among the elderly. This study aims to provide information on the role of water-soluble B vitamins in preventing and controlling muscle mass loss and deterioration among the elderly with sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the potential of myokines from the B vitamin family in modulating sarcopenia.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2015

We report a case of a 55-year-old man who diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), with A review of the literature. A 55-year old man was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment after being diagnosed with adenocarcinoma through endoscopic biopsy during a regular health examination. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed AGC, stage IIA (T3N3M0), while an endoscopic examination showed AGC, Borrmann type 2. The patient is currently under observation after undergoing radical subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy and subsequent administration of oral chemotherapeutic agents. As an abdominal CT response assessment performed after surgery revealed new metastasis to the liver, the patient received palliative chemotherapy as progressive disease was suspected. After receiving chemotherapy in the order of FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil (5-FU)) + Leucovorin + Oxaliplatin), FOLFIRI (5-FU + Leucovorin + Irinotecan), EAP-II (Etoposide + Doxorubicin + Cisplatin), ELF (Etoposide + Leucovorin + 5-FU), TS-1 (Tegafur + Gimeracil) + Cisplatin, an abdominal CT response assessment showed progressive disease for which the regimen was altered to PFL (Paclitaxel + 5-FU + Leucovorin). The patient has currently completed his second cycle of chemotherapy and after an abdominal CT response assessment, further course of therapy will be decided.