• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2008

Purpose: National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) criteria and the Canadian Cervical Spine rule (CCR) are commonly used in cervical trauma patients to determine whether a plain cervical X-ray should be performed. However, plain cervical X-rays are so inaccurate that cervical spine computed tomography (CT) is often considered as a screening test. We studied the usefulness of the NEXUS criteria and the CCR for determining the need for a CT evaluation in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from January 2007 to March 2008. Plain X-ray and CT scans of the cervical spine were performed on blunt trauma patients with neck pain. The relevancy of CT was examined using the NEXUS criteria and the CCR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, and negative predicted value analyses were performed to diagnose the cervical spine injury. Results: During the study period, 284 patients were enrolled in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, and negative predicted value of the NEXUS criteria were 87.5%, 1.1%, 5.0%, and 60.0% respectively, while those of the CCR were 87.5%, 8.2%, 5.3%, and 91.6%. There were two missed fracture cases when the NEXUS criteria and the CCR were applied independently, however, no cases were missed when both were applied. Conclusion: This study suggests the NEXUS and the CCR in combination can be used as a guide to CT evaluation for cervical spine injury in the ED.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the eruption pattern and root resorption of the bovine anterior dentition in relation to growth-related parameters based on dental maturity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 bovine anterior mandibles by using standard radiography, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and actual measurements. We determined the relationships between the stages of dental maturity by using a modification of Demirjian's method and various growth-related parameters, such as the activity of the root-resorbing tissue and mobility of the deciduous teeth. The correlation of growth-related parameters with interdental spacing and distal unusual root resorption (DRR) of the deciduous fourth incisor was assessed. The cause of mesial unusual root resorption (MRR) of the deciduous fourth incisor was determined on the basis of the arrangement of the permanent third incisor. Results: An independent t-test and chi-square test indicated significant differences in growth-related parameters associated with dental arch length discrepancy and factors related to the shedding of deciduous teeth between the low and high dental maturity groups. The samples with interdental spacing and DRR showed a larger sum of mesiodistal permanent crown widths and higher dental maturity than did the respective controls. Samples with MRR tended to show a lingually rotated distal tip of the adjacent tooth crown. Conclusions: Dental maturity has relevance to the interdental spaces and unusual root resorption of mixed dentition. The position of the adjacent tooth crown on CBCT may be correlated with the occurrence of unusual root resorption of the incisor.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2006

A 7-year-old, spayed female, Yorkshire terrier dog with polyuria/polydipsia (PU/PD), interdigital edema, pruritus and abdominal enlargement was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the present university. Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocortisim (PDH) was diagnosed by clinical signs, physical examination, laboratory examination (complete blood count, serum chemistry, urinalysis, ACTH stimulation test and high dose dexamethasone suppression test) and diagnostic imaging (radiography, ultrasonography and computed tomography). Clinical signs were improved after trilostane treatment, and maintenance therapy with trilostane still continued after successful induction therapy. Trilostane can be used as an alternative to mitotane therapy in hyperadrenocortisim in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.79.1-79.16
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• 2023

Background: The need for a storage method capable of preserving the intrinsic properties of bones without using toxic substances has always been raised. Supercooling is a relatively recently introduced preservation method that meets this need. Supercooling refers to the phenomenon of liquid in which the temperature drops below its freezing point without solidifying or crystallizing. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the preservation efficiency and applicability of the supercooling technique as a cortical bone allograft storage modality. Methods: The biomechanical effects of various storage methods, including deep freezing, cryopreservation, lyophilization, glycerol preservation, and supercooling, were evaluated with the three-point banding test, axial compression test, and electron microscopy. Additionally, cortical bone allografts were applied to the radial bone defect in New Zealand White rabbits to determine the biological effects. The degree of bone union was assessed with postoperative clinical signs, radiography, micro-computed tomography, and biomechanical analysis. Results: The biomechanical properties of cortical bone grafts preserved using glycerol and supercooling method were found to be comparable to those of normal bone while also significantly stronger than deep-frozen, cryopreserved, and lyophilized bone grafts. Preclinical research performed in rabbit radial defect models revealed that supercooled and glycerol-preserved bone allografts exhibited significantly better bone union than other groups. Conclusions: Considering the biomechanical and biological superiority, the supercooling technique could be one of the optimal preservation methods for cortical bone allografts. This study will form the basis for a novel application of supercooling as a bone material preservation technique.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2008

흉수량은 흉수천자의 실시 여부 및 진단과 치료에 이용되는 방법의 결정에 영향을 미치므로 흉수량 측정은 중요하다. 본 실험의 목적은 흉수를 정량화하기 위해 흉부 방사선 및 초음파와 컴퓨터단층촬영을 시행하여 그 결과를 비교하고 정확도를 측정하는데 있다. 임상적으로 건강한 6 마리의 비글견을 이용하여 생리식염수를 최종 용량이 60 ml/kg 될 때까지 체중당 10ml씩 흉강에 주입하면서 흉부 방사선 검사, 초음파 검사, CT 검사를 차례로 실시하였다. 흉부 방사선 사진에서 흉수의 유무 평가 및 흉수 정량화를 실시하였으며 초음파 영상에서 흉수량은 폐의 표면과 흉강벽 사이의 최대 수직 거리를 측정하여 평가하였다. CT 영상에서 흉수량은 soft tissue window에서 평가하였으며 최대 흉수량을 나타내는 영상에서 최소 수직거리를 측정하였다. 흉수량과 흉부 방사선 사진 및 초음파 영상에서의 측정치와 통계학적으로 유의적인 결과를 얻지 못했다. 그러나 CT 검사에서의 측정값과 흉수량과의 유의적인 관계를 나타내었다. 특히 흉수의 정량화에서 좌우측 측정치의 평균값이 좌우측 각각의 값보다 더 높은 정확도를 나타내었다. 흉수를 확인하기 위해서는 흉부 방사선 검사 초음파 검사 및 CT 검사가 모두 가능하나 흉수를 정량화하기 위해서는 흉부 방사선 및 초음파 검사보다 CT 검사가 유용함을 확인하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2010

연구 목적은 virtual digital test pattern method을 이용하여 REGIUS 150 CR 시스템의 각 LUT별 프로세싱 커브를 도출하고, Dry Imager의 특성을 파악하여 CR의 영상처리 방법을 분석하는 것이다. 실험은 먼저, CR의 화상데이터에 맞게 virtual digital test pattern 파일을 만들고, 인위적으로 입력하여 virtual digital test pattern step의 변화를 통해 각 LUT(THX, ST, STM, LUM, BONE, LIN)별 프로세싱 커브를 구한다. 그리고 하드카피 이미지를 통해 Dry Imager의 프로세싱 커브도 도출한다. 마지막으로, CR 본체의 영상처리 파라미터들을 변화시켜 각각의 특성을 알아낸다. 실험 결과를 살펴보면, 입 출력 값을 통해 CR 시스템의 입력 다이나믹 레인지의 LUT별 프로세싱 커브를 구하였다. 프로세싱 커브는 모두 곡선으로 이어져 있었으며(LIN mode 제외), 각 커브마다 조금씩 차이를 보였다. 또한 Dry Imager의 프로세싱 커브는 중간부분에만 선형성이 나타났다. 그리고 프로세싱 파라미터의 G value는 기울기와, S value는 감도의 shift량과 관련된다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 선량에 따라 S value가 비례하여 변화한다는 것 또한 유추해 낼 수 있었다. 결론적으로 CR 시스템은 각 회사별로 내부 처리가 다르고, 구조 또한 복잡하기 때문에 내부 영상처리의 파악이 어렵다. 하지만 본 연구에서 사용한 virtual digital test pattern method는 CR 시스템의 내부처리 구조와 영상 파라미터의 변화에 따른 특성을 추정할 수 있으므로, 이 방법을 통해 타 장비의 CR 시스템과 Dry Imager의 전체적인 영상처리 특성을 비교, 분석 가능할 것이다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2011

Purpose : The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and bitewing images in detection of secondary caries. Materials and Methods : One hundred and twenty proximal slots of Class II cavities were randomly prepared on human premolar and molar teeth, and restored with amalgam (n=60) and composite resin (n=60). Then, artificial secondary caries lesions were randomly created using round steel No. 4 bur. The teeth were radiographed with a conventional bitewing technique and two CBCT systems; Pax-500ECT and Promax 3D. All images were evaluated by five observers. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve ($A_z$) was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Significant difference was tested using the Friedman test (p value<0.05). Results : The mean $A_z$ values for bitewing, Pax-500ECT, and Promax 3D imaging systems were 0.882, 0.995, and 0.978, respectively. Significant differences were found between the two CBCT systems and film (p=0.007). For CBCT systems, the axial plane showed the greatest $A_z$ value. Conclusion : Based on the design of this study, CBCT images were better than bitewing radiographs in detection of secondary caries.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2020

Background: Latent tuberculosis (TB) infection among TB contacts is diagnosed using plain chest radiography and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs). However, plain chest radiographs often miss active TB, and the results of IGRA could fluctuate over time. The purpose of this study was to elucidate changes in the results of the serial IGRAs and in the findings of the serial submillisievert chest computed tomography (CT) scans among the close contacts of active pulmonary TB patients. Methods: Patients age 20 or older with active pulmonary TB and their close contacts were invited to participate in this study. Two types of IGRA (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay [QFT-GIT] and the T-SPOT.TB test [T-SPOT]) and submillisievert chest CT scanning were performed at baseline and at 3 and 12 months after enrollment. Results: In total, 19 close contacts participated in this study. One was diagnosed with active pulmonary TB and was excluded from further analysis. At baseline, four of 18 contacts (22.2%) showed positive results for QFT-GIT and T-SPOT; there were no discordant results. During the follow-up, transient and permanent positive or negative conversions and discordant results between the two types of IGRAs were observed in some patients. Among the 17 contacts who underwent submillisievert chest CT scanning, calcified nodules were identified in seven (41.2%), noncalcified nodules in 14 (82.4%), and bronchiectasis in four (23.5%). Some nodules disappeared over time. Conclusion: The results of the QFT-GIT and T-SPOT assays and the CT images may change during 1 year of observation of close contacts of the active TB patients.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.951-958
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) obtained using dual-layer dual-energy CT (DL-DECT) for evaluating brain tumors. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 32 patients with brain tumors who had undergone non-contrast head CT using DL-DECT. Among them, 15 had glioblastoma (GBM), 7 had malignant lymphoma, 5 had high-grade glioma other than GBM, 3 had low-grade glioma, and 2 had metastatic tumors. Conventional polychromatic images and VMIs (40-200 keV at 10 keV intervals) were generated. We compared CT attenuation, image noise, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between tumor and white matter (WM) or grey matter (GM) between VMIs showing the highest CNR (optimized VMI) and conventional CT images using the paired t test. Two radiologists subjectively assessed the contrast, margin, noise, artifact, and diagnostic confidence of optimized VMIs and conventional images on a 4-point scale. Results: The image noise of VMIs at all energy levels tested was significantly lower than that of conventional CT images (p < 0.05). The 40-keV VMIs yielded the best CNR. Furthermore, both contrast and CNR between the tumor and WM were significantly higher in the 40 keV images than in the conventional CT images (p < 0.001); however, the contrast and CNR between tumor and GM were not significantly different (p = 0.47 and p = 0.31, respectively). The subjective scores assigned to contrast, margin, and diagnostic confidence were significantly higher for 40 keV images than for conventional CT images (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In head CT for patients with brain tumors, compared with conventional CT images, 40 keV VMIs from DL-DECT yielded superior tumor contrast and diagnostic confidence, especially for brain tumors located in the WM.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2008

의사결정나무를 구성하여 강판튜브 비파괴평가에 사용하는 산업용 CR영상의 측정 패턴인식을 도모한다. 본래 비파괴평가는 기계학습기법에 의한 패턴식별과 그 분류에 적합한 분야이다. 의사결정나무의 속성들은 비파괴평가 테스트 절차로부터 취한다. 방사선조사 입사각, 경사도 및 거리 둥의 기하학적 특성들은 입력 영상 데이터 분석으로부터 추정한다. 이 요소들은 대상 입력을 의사결정나무에서 미리 정해진 분류에로 정확히 그리고 쉽게 분류가 이루어지도록 한다. 이 알고리즘은 비파괴평가 결과의 특성화를 간단히 하며 특성 결정을 간편하게 한다. 실험 결과는 제안한 알고리즘의 유용성을 보였다.