• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Ball bearings are a major component of mechanical parts for transmitting rotation. Compared to tapered roller bearings, ball bearings offer less rolling resistance, which leads to reduced heat generation during operation. Because of these characteristics, ball bearings are widely used in electric vehicles and machine tools. The design of ball bearing cages has recently emerged as a major issue in ball bearing design. Cage design requires pre-verification of performance using theoretical or experimental formula or computational fluid dynamics (CFD). However, CFD analysis is time-consuming, making it difficult to apply in case studies for design decisions and is mainly used in performance prediction following design confirmation. To use CFD in the early stages of design, main-taining analytical accuracy while reducing the time required for analysis are necessary. Accordingly, this study proposes a laminar steady-state segment CFD technique to solve the problem of long CFD analytical times and to enable the use of CFD analysis in the early stages of design. To verify the reliability of the CFD analysis, a bearing drag torque test is performed, and the results are compared with the analytical results. The proposed laminar steady-state segment CFD technique is expected to be useful for case studies in bearing design, including cage design.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

최근 심장질환에 의한 사망자 수는 놀랄 만큼 빠른 증가세를 보이고 있다. 인공심장은 혈액의 흐름에 따라 크게 박동류형과 무박동류형으로 나뉘며, 무박동류형 펌프는 비용적형으로 박동류형에 비해 소형화가 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 무박동류형 혈액펌프는 다시 구동방식에 따라 축류형과 원심형으로 구분되어지며, 그중 축류형 혈액펌프는 같은 무박동류형인 원심형 혈액펌프와 비교하였을 때 훨씬 간단한 구동장치와 제어장치를 가진다. 혈구가 파괴되어 헤모글로빈이 혈구 밖으로 빠져나가는 것을 용혈이라 하며 혈액이 응고하여 혈관을 막게되는 혈전현상은 이러한 용혈이 주된 원인이다. 따라서 혈액펌프가 구동함에 따라 발생하게 되는 용혈의 수치를 낮추는 것은 혈액펌프를 개발하는데 있어서 중요한 조건 중에 하나이다 이러한 용혈을 평가하기 위한 방법으로는 현재 in-vitro실험이 가장 널리 사용되어지고 있으나, 이러한 체외실험을 하기 위해선 상당한 비용과 장기간의 연구기간이 요구되어진다. 이러한 in-vitro실험의 단 전을 보완하기 위해 개발되어진 CFD해석법은, 엔지니어로 하여금 in-vitro실험을 실시하지 않고 용혈이 발생하는 지역과 용혈발생예측치를 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 in-vitro실험의 결과데이터와 CFD해석의 예측결과데이터의 여러 가지 비교를 통해 CFD해석의 정확성을 검증하고, 또한 이러한 정확성이 검증된 CFD해석법을 현재 개발되어지고 있는 축류형 혈액펌프의 개발단계에 적용하기 위함이다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.922-930
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• 2008

질소산화물($NO_x$) 저감을 위한 선택적 무촉매 환원(SNCR; selective non-catalytic reduction) 공정의 성능은 유속, 반응온도 그리고 반응물간의 혼합과 같은 공정변수에 민감하다. 따라서 효율적인 SNCR 공정의 설계와 운전을 위하여 속도장, 온도장, 및 화학물질들의 농도 분포에 대한 이해가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 150 kW LPG 버너가 장착되고, 요소용액을 환원제로 사용하는 파일럿 규모 SNCR 공정에 대하여 액적모델과 결합된 2차원 난류반응흐름 전산유체역학(CFD; computational fluid dynamics) 모델을 개발하고, 이 모델은 실험결과를 통하여 검증된다. 난류반응 CFD 모델에서는 $NO_x$저감율과 $NH_3$-slip을 예측하기 위하여 7개 반응식으로 이루어진 요소용액과 $NO_x$와의 반응기작을 이용한다. 이러한 모델을 이용한 CFD 모사결과는 온도와 NSR(normalized stoichiometric ratio)에 따른 $NO_x$ 저감율에서 실험결과와 최대 20% 이내에서 차이를 보여주고 있으며, $NH_3$-slip에 대하여는 실험결과와 모사결과 사이에 유사한 경향성을 얻었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

Effective pesticide applications are needed to assure the quality and economic competitiveness of fruit production and lower the risk of spray drift. Experimental studies have shown that better spray coverage and less driftability require an understanding of the transport of spray droplets within turbulent airflows in the orchard and the interaction between droplet dynamics and tree canopies. This study developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict pesticide flows in the orchard and spray drift discharged from an air-assisted orchard sprayer. The model represented the transport of spray droplets as well as droplets captured by tree canopies, which were modeled as a conical porous model and branched tree model. Validation of the CFD model was accomplished by comparing the CFD results with field measurements. Spray depositions inside tree canopies and at off-target locations were in good agreement with the measurements. The resulting data presented that 38.6%~42.3% of the sprayed droplets were delivered to the tree canopies while 13.6%~20.1% were drifted out of the orchard, part of them reached farther than 200 m from the orchard. The study demonstrates that CFD model can be used to evaluate spray application performance and spray drift potential.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

All of the hydraulic spool valves adopt radially grooved spools to avoid hydraulic locking. In this paper, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT is used to investigate the accurate Poiseuille flow characteristics inside single groove. The stream lines, velocity and pressure distributions are obtained for various groove widths, depths and shapes. The stream lines are highly affected by groove shape and there occurred large vortexes inside groove beyond a certain ratio of groove width to depth. Especially the U shaped groove restrains the occurrence of vortex. Therefore the numerical method adopted in this paper can be use in optimum designing of multi-grooved hydraulic spool valves.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2002년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.396-401
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• 2002

The purpose of this 3-D numerical simulation is evaluate the application of a commercial CFD code to predict 3-D flow characteristics of wind turbine. The experimental approach, which has been main method of investigation, appears to be its limits, the cost increasing disproportionally with the size of the wind turbines, and is hence mostly limited to observing the phenomena. Hence, the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques and Wavier-Stokes solvers are considered a very serious contender. The flow solver CFX-TASCflow is employed in all computations presented in this paper. The 3-D flow separation and the wake distribution of 2 bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) are compared to Heuristic model and visualized result by NREL(National Renewable Energy Laboratory). Simulated 3-D flow separation structure on the rotor blade is very similar to Heuristic model and the wake structure of the wind turbine is good agree with visualized results.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2012

The indoor environments in high-rise buildings are generally well enclosed by defined boundary conditions. Here, a numerical simulation method based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), which aims to model and simulate the turbulent flow accurately in an enclosed environment, and its comparison with traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, are presented in this paper. CFD has become a powerful tool for predicting and evaluating enclosed airflows with the rapid advance in computer capacity and speed, and various types of CFD turbulence modeling and its application and validation have been reported. The LBM is a relatively new method; it involves solving of the discrete Boltzmann equation to simulate the fluid flow with a collision model instead of solving Navier-Stokes equations. In this study, the LBM-based scheme of flow pattern and particle dispersion analyses are validated using the benchmark test case of two- and three-dimensional and isothermal conditions (IEA/Annex 20 case); the prediction accuracy and advantages are also discussed by comparison with the results of CFD.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2016

The present paper deals with accuracy improvement of a bleed boundary condition model used to improve the performance of supersonic inlets. In order to accurately predict the amount of bleed mass flow rates, this study performs a scaling of sonic flow coefficient data for 90-degree bleed holes in consideration of Prandtl-Meyer expansion theory. Furthermore, it is assumed that porosity varies with stream-wise location of the porous bleed plate to accurately predict downstream boundary layer profiles. The bleed boundary condition model is demonstrated through Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulations of bleed flows on a flat plate with/without an oblique shock. As a result, the bleed model shows the improved accuracy of bleed mass rates and downstream boundary layer profiles.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2013

In the present study, a practical method to predict cavitation erosion, which caused a critical damage on hydraulic machineries, was developed. Impact and critical velocities were defined to develop a practical method for the prediction of cavitation erosion. To develope the practical method, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was introduced. Cavitating flows with erosion in a converging-diverging nozzle and around a hydrofoil were simulated by developed and validated code. Based on the CFD results, the cavitation erosion coefficient was derived by a curve fitting method. The cavitation erosion coefficient was formulated as the function of the cavitation and Reynolds numbers. A cavitating flow in an axisymmetric nozzle followed by radial divergence was simulated to validate the developed practical method. For the application to a propeller, a cavitating flow around a propeller was simulated. Predicted damage extent showed similar with damaged full-scale propeller blade.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1354-1359
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• 2007

This paper discusses the acoustic performance of simple expansion chamber using computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The CFD model consists of an axisymmetric grid with a single period sinusoid of acceptable amplitude and duration imposed at the inlet boundary condition. The time history of the static pressure is recorded at two points, one in the inlet pipe and one point in outlet pipe. The time history of the static pressure is converted to the frequency domain using Fourier Transform and the transmission loss (TL) of the muffler is obtained from the ratio of the static pressure at the inlet and outlet pipe. The transmission loss of CFD result is compared with that of the computational acoustic analysis using the boundary element method (BEM). There are some differences in two results due to the pressure drop according to the inlet and outlet pipe length. Therefore, the effects of the pressure drop to the transmission loss have to be considered.