• 산학경영연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.115-134
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• 1987

The increased number of organized employees and amount of collective bargaining in the public sector has caused many industrial relations students to pay attention to the compulsory arbitration mechanism. Some of these have criticized the compulsory arbitration on the grounds that it tends to replace collective bargain ing itself. They argue that each party lacks the incentive to concede and compromise that is so necessary in reaching agreements as long as the threat and/or use of strike is unavailable to them. On the other hand, the proponents of the compulsory arbitration maintain that compulsory arbitration carries out a strike like function by imposing the cost of disagreement. This paper is primarily concerned with these contradictory issues. More particularly, an attempt is made to analyze the impact of the compulsory arbitration mechanism upon the collective bargaining process by developing a bargaining model with explicit considerations of the determinants of the concession behavior of each party as a function of the cost of disagreement and the risk willingness relationship between the parties. The analysis in this paper leads to a synthesis of the above competing arguments, and shows that those contradictory views on the effect of the compulsory arbitration are mainly due to their failure to con sider the concession process.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2024

본 연구는 의무교육에 대한 재정지출의 효율성에 미치는 영향 요인을 분석하고 있다. 중국의 의무교육도 다른 국가와 마찬가지로 주로 재정지출에 의존하고 있다. 본 연구는 우선 2006-2021년 기간 동안 중국의 31개 지역을 대상으로 의무교육에 대한 재정지출의 효율성을 추계한다. 의무교육에 대한 재정지출의 효율성은 지역경제발전 수준이 상대적으로 높은 지역이 오히려 낮게 나타나고 있으며, 지역경제발전 수준이 상대적으로 낮은 지역의 효율성이 높게 나타나고 있다. 그리고 효율성을 종속변수로 설정하고 1인당 GDP, 재정자립도, 연령구조, 재정지출의 비중, 교사의 수준을 설명변수로 설정하여 Tobit모형을 이용하여 효율성의 영향요인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면 1인당 GDP와 재정자립도는 효율성에 통계적 유의성이 나타나지 않으며, 연령구조, 재정지출의 비중 그리고 교사의 수준은 정(+)의 통계적 유의성이 나타나고 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2016

This study first focuses on the quantitative evaluation of both compulsory and voluntary safety certification of industrial machines and devices. Based on the results of statistical analysis, effectiveness of those safety certifications were confirmed. In order to reduce both the frequency and the strength of industrial accidents associated with industrial machines and devices, major target of safety regulations needs to be shifted from users to manufacturers. Adjustment of industrial machines and devices which are subject to compulsory safety certification and implementation of risk assessment are further suggested. As for the voluntary certification, reestablishment of the concept of voluntary safety certification and balance between compulsory and voluntary certifications is discussed. Voluntary safety certification is further suggested as a mean to manage safety of industrial machines and devices which are not subject to any safety regulations.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.543-568
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• 2008

본 연구는 영재교육 대상자에게 부과되어 있는 의무교육 제도의 이론과 관련 판례의 분석을 통해 향후 영재교육에서 다루어야 할 과제를 제시하고, 법과 제도의 정비를 위한 토대를 마련하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 우선 의무교육이 권리 사상으로 발전해 왔으며 이를 보장하기 위한 법적 근거와 체제가 어떻게 구성되어 있는지의 교육권에 대해 고찰하였다. 다음으로 영재교육과 관련된 의무교육과 이의 법적 근거를 고찰하여 법적인 사항을 논의하였다 마지막으로 영재와 의무교육에 대한 논의를 행하였다. 여기서는 의무교육의 관점을 소개하고 이들 관점에 대해 영재교육에서 추구하여야 할 대상을 논의하였다. 그리고 의무교육에 대한 영재교육 관련 법률의 검토를 행하여 법적인 정비과정과 더불어 현실적 제약이 무엇인가에 대한 논의를 수행하였다. 마지막으로 관련 판례의 경향성을 논의하였으며, 이들의 논거가 어떠한 것인가를 비판적으로 검토하였다. 논의 결과, 영재교육에서 연령주의를 채택하는 의무교육 제도는 실질적으로 영재의 교육을 받을 권리를 제약하는 주요 요인이 되었다. 그리고 판례는 주로 행정법적 조리에 의한 접근을 행함으로써 교육적 논리 정립에 따른 성과가 더 많이 구축되어야 함을 논의하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.64-86
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• 2010

Korea has had problems with the price and supply of essential drugs such as Gleevec for leukemia, Fuzeon for HIV/AIDS, and Tamiflu for both avian flu and swine flu. The shortage or refusal of patented drugs supply is imposing a heavy burden in not only developing countries but also developed countries. Thinking over the serious results, we need to concern about the limited access to patented drugs by multinational drug companies' patent monopoly especially for pandemic and life threatening diseases. The effective response regarding to pandemic and life threatening diseases. The effective response regarding to pandemic situation requests collaborative and unbiased provisions of all countries in the world, however, sometimes patent monopoly may hinder the efforts. Compulsory licensing has been considered to be a useful alternative to the abuse of patent rights. However, the Korean experiences of compulsory licensing have left some controversial issues in connection with the availability of it in Korea. 'Flexibility' allowed in TRIPS and Doha Declaration has not come into effect in Korea for several reasons. Although the situation shows the limitations of compulsory licensing as a pharmaceutical supply policy, it is clear that compulsory licensing still has the possibilities of enhancing the access to medicines of all countries in need. Through searching the institutionalization process and experiments of compulsory licensing in Korea, this article explores the possibilities and the limits.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.153-185
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• 2006

This article deals with the Improvement of Compulsory Arbitration System on Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act in Korea. If a labor dispute occcur, the settlement of labor dispute must be reached for the parties' own accord. The autonomy of the parties concerned is the fundamental principle in the settlement of labor dispute. If the Rights Which are guaranteed by art. 33 Constitutional Law belong to civil liberties, we should consider Trade Union Act as the restriction of basic rights. Arbitration is a procedure which permits the most positive intervention by the arbitrator. It is carried out by an arbitration committe which is composed of three arbitrators appointed by the chairman of the Labor Relations Commission. Compulsory arbitration system of the labor for parties should be improved. In case of necessary public enterprises, more strict requirements on assembly for labor disputes should be prepared and the government should support institutions to prevent labor-management disputes by educating experts on labor-management relations and improving the quality of arbitration.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.166-170
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• 2003

This paper presents the TTFC(Two Transistor Forward Converter) using Synchronous Rectifier of Compulsory Control-driver. The two transistor forward circuit is used to decrease voltage stress of primary side and the synchronous rectifier is used to reduce current stress of secondary side. Previous synchronous rectifier's MOSFET of TTFC have long dead time This paper presents synchronous rectifier of compulsory control-driver for minimized dead time. This paper compared with diode rectifier, self-driven synchronous rectifier and compulsory control-driver synchronous rectifier of TTFC. The principle of operation, feature and design considerations are illustrated and verified through the experiment with a 200W 100kHz MOSFET based experimental circuit.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2018

This study aims to review various efforts required by medical institutions to prevent medical accidents in advance and to suggest the necessity of introducing liability insurance for medical accidents based on cases abroad and compulsory professional indemnity insurance at home. Over the past five years between 2013 and 2017, the number of inquiries regarding medical accidents and medical disputes has increased by 11.1 percent from 36,099 to 54,929, and the number of mediation and arbitration for medical disputes has increased by 14.3 percent from 1,304 to 2,225. Since some medical accidents even cause social problems, a compulsory insurance system for the liability of medical institutions for damages need to be introduced to promptly compensate the victims of medical accidents and to ensure compensation by medical personnel. In Korea, a system is in place to provide compensation for a client who suffers an accidental damage after receiving professional services, regardless of whether or not the professional service provider can provide compensation. In major foreign countries, a medical liability system is in place that is applied either by the principle of liability with fault, or the principle of liability without fault. In this study, the cases of compulsory insurance and semi-compulsory insurance in the US and Japan to which the principle of liability with fault is applied, as well as the case of New Zealand to which the principle of liability without fault is applied, were examined. It is necessary to urgently introduce the compulsory insurance system for the liability of compensation to prevent medical disputes and to compensate for the life and physical damages of the victims of medical accidents in domestic medical institutions. Doing so is expected to ensure fair compensation for the victims of medical malpractice and compensation by medical personnel, thereby improving medical practice.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2011

강제치환공법은 다른 연약지반 처리공법에 비하여 시공이 단순하고 경제성이 우수하나 현재까지 정확한 이론적 산정기법이 정립되어 있지 않기 때문에 치환심도의 예측이 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 대다수의 예측식이 지지력을 기반으로 한 내용에서 관점을 바꾸어 액성한계 및 자연함수비에 근거한 새로운 형태의 예측식을 제안하였다. 예측식은 현장에서 관측된 계측결과와 확인보링에 근거하고, 지역성을 대변하기 위해 시화지역의 실트/점토의 특성을 분석한 자료로부터 관계식을 도출하였으며, 이를 회귀분석기법을 적용하여 최종 예측식을 도출하였다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.18-34
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to clarify the background of the controversial attempt to establish a new public medical school linked to compulsory service as a means of strengthening public healthcare in Korea, and to raise anticipated problems with possible solutions. In Korea, healthcare is predominantly provided by the private sector focused on medical care, rather than public healthcare, even under the national health insurance system. The government has been mainly in charge of public health and unmet medical services from a residual perspective, but health inequalities still exist. To resolve this issue, the government created the concept of public health and medical service (PHMS) from a universal perspective and tried to strengthen the infrastructure of public healthcare and to foster core PHMS doctors by establishing a new public medical school linked to compulsory service in medically vulnerable areas. This study investigated the reality and concept of the new public medical school planned by the government, and identified problems such as the possibility of obtaining accreditation and evaluation before its establishment, the side effects of dividing doctors' roles, the waste of huge amounts of resources, and insensitive policies. In conclusion, in order to resolve health inequalities in Korea, we need to train doctors through medical school education that strengthens the social responsibility of doctors along with strengthening public healthcare infrastructure, and to provide a better environment for doctors working in medically vulnerable areas through sophisticated policies.