• 사회복지연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.101-129
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• 2018

본 연구는 폭력감소에 대한 부부폭력 가해자프로그램의 전체효과를 확인하였다. 국내에서 2000년부터 2017년까지 발표된 11편 논문을 대상으로 18개 연구결과와 115개의 효과크기를 산출하였다. 가해자프로그램은 폭력행동 변화에 실질적이고 치료적인 차원에서 유의미하게 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 효과크기는 통제행동, 정서적 폭력, 신체적 폭력 순으로 높았다. 폭력성 이외의 다른 종속변인들의 효과를 조사해 보았다. 가해자프로그램은 내담자들의 성역할과 폭력에 대한 태도를 긍정적으로 변화시키고 있었다. 또한 분노와 우울 수준을 낮추고, 자존감과 의사소통기술을 향상시키며 부부관계만족도를 높이는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 가운데 성역할 태도와 자존감이 상대적으로 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 나아가 이 연구는 폭력행동을 감소시키는 가해자프로그램의 효과에 영향을 주는 요인이 있는지 살펴보았다. 분석결과 접근모델과 상담형태의 조절효과가 확인되었다. 구체적으로, 여성주의 인지행동 모델이 절충모델이나 단일모델보다 효과가 더 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 상담형태에서는 가해남성으로만 구성된 집단상담이 부부집단상담에 비해 효과크기가 더 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 부부폭력 가해자프로그램의 효과를 높이기 위한 정책적, 실천적 방안을 논의하였다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop the children obesity prevention program and to analyze how this program has an effect on students' degree of knowledge, attitude for obesity prevention. Methods: The study design was Compromise Experience Group Pre-Post Design. 238 students in the 4th and 5th grade of 4 elementary schools in Seoul were nonrandomly assigned to the study group(n=115) or the control group(n=113). The Program was applied for 3 times and surveys were conducted 2 times as pre-test and post-test. Results: 1. The obesity prevention CD-ROM was developed by analyzing of learners and educational facilities, selecting the study object and contents and producing educational methods and materials. The study contents were included definition, types, factors and side-effects of obesity, and It was contained dietary habit, exercise and life style for obesity prevention and healthy life. 2. Demographic characteristics were not significantly different between study group and control group. Among the subjects investigated, 27.8% of the study group and 38.1% of the control group stated that they had experienced in the obesity prevention program in past. 3. The obesity knowledge and attitude score after this obesity prevention program were improved significantly than before the program(P<0.001). Conclusion: The CD-ROM developed in this study for the children obesity prevention program was proven to be effective in improving obesity knowledge, attitude for the obesity prevention.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating nanoparticles of silver (NAg) and amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) into a self-etching primer of a resin cement on the microtensile bond strength of dentin, regarding the proven antibacterial feature of NAg and remineralizing effect of NACP. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Flat, mid-coronal dentin from 20 intact extracted human third molars were prepared for cementation using Panavia F2.0 cement. The teeth were randomly divided into the four test groups (n=5) according to the experimental cement primer composition: cement primer without change (control group), primer with 1% (wt) of NACP, primer with 1% (wt) of physical mixture of NACP+Nag, and primer with 1% (wt) of chemical mixture of NACP+Nag. The resin cement was used according to the manufacturer's instructions. After storage in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, the bonded samples were sectioned longitudinally to produce $1.0{\times}1.0mm$ beams for micro-tensile bond strength testing in a universal testing machine. Failure modes at the dentin-resin interface were observed using a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests and the level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS. The lowest mean microtensile bond strength was obtained for the NACP group. Tukey's test showed that the bond strength of the control group was significantly higher than those of the other experimental groups, except for group 4 (chemical mixture of NACP and NAg; P=.67). CONCLUSION. Novel chemical incorporation of NAg-NACP into the self-etching primer of resin cement does not compromise the dentin bond strength.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2016

The structural integrity of tube bundles represents a major concern when dealing with high risk industries, such as nuclear steam generators, where the rupture of a tube or tubes will lead to the undesired mixing of the primary and secondary fluids. Flow-induced vibration is one of the major concerns that could compromise the structural integrity. The vibration is caused by fluid flow excitation. While there are several excitation mechanisms that could contribute to these vibrations, fluidelastic instability is generally regarded as the most severe. When this mechanism prevails, it could cause serious damage to tube arrays in a very short period of time. The tubes are therefore stiffened by means of supports to avoid these vibrations. To accommodate the thermal expansion of the tube, as well as to facilitate the installation of these tube bundles, clearances are allowed between the tubes and their supports. Progressive tube wear and chemical cleaning gradually increases the clearances between the tubes and their supports, which can lead to more frequent and severe tube/support impact and rubbing. These increased impacts can lead to tube damage due to fatigue and/or wear at the support locations. This paper presents simulations of a loosely supported multi-span U-bend tube subjected to turbulence and fluidelastic instability forces. The mathematical model for the loosely-supported tubes and the fluidelastic instability model is presented. The model is then utilized to simulate the nonlinear response of a U-bend tube with flat bar supports subjected to cross-flow. The effect of the support clearance as well as the support offset are investigated. Special attention is given to the tube/support interaction parameters that affect wear, such as impact and normal work rate.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2019

Background: Uncooperative behavior of children due to dental anxiety may interfere with the effective delivery of dental care and compromise the quality of treatment provided. Injection of local anesthesia is one of the most anxiety-inducing stimuli in pediatric dentistry. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a child-friendly device, having a combined effect of vibration and distraction, with the conventional method of injection on pain, anxiety, and behavior of pediatric patients aged 6-11 years. Methods: This randomized, crossover, split-mouth study included 30 children requiring a bilateral inferior alveolar nerve block. The children were equally divided into two groups: group 1, aged 6-8 and group 2, aged 9-11 years. All children were injected with anesthesia using the conventional and device method in two separate sessions. They were assessed for anxiety by measuring the pulse rate before and during the administration of local anesthesia. Behavior was assessed using Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale, and the child's experience while receiving anesthesia was assessed using the Wong Bakers Pain Rating Scale. Results: Results showed that the children who received local anesthesia using the device method had a lower mean pulse rate, FLACC scores, and pain rating scores than those who received local anesthesia using the conventional method. Conclusion: The device method was more effective than the conventional method in managing pain, anxiety, and behavior of patients aged 6-11 years. The device is a cost effective, simple, and child-friendly product for administrating local anesthesia in pediatric patients.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2013

Purpose - For the past several decades, behavioral economics or behavioral decision theory has undergone rapid development. This study provides a critical review of the development of behavioral economics with a focus on what are deemed to be core theories in the field. Starting from the utility function proposed by Daniel Bernoulli in the 18th century, the development history of utility functions until the emergence of the prospect theory is thoroughly reviewed. Some of the experimental results violating the traditionally assumed utility function and supporting the prospect theory value function are summarized. The most representative principles of rational choice are transitivity, independence from irrelevant alternatives (IIA), and regularity. The development of behavioral economics has been triggered by finding counter-examples to these principles. Some of the choice behaviors discussed in this study as counter-examples to the traditional theories of rational choice are the St. Petersburg paradox; the Allais paradox; gambling behavior; and the various context effects including the similarity effect, attraction effect, and the compromise effect. The Elimination-by-Aspects (EBA) model, which was proposed as an explanation for the similarity effect, is discussed in detail as well. Based on the literature review and further analysis, this study summarizes the relationship between the context effects, prospect theory, and EBA model. Research design, data, and methodology - This study provides an extensive literature review on several important theories in the field of behavioral decision theory and adds some critical comments to the theories and the relationships among them. This study first reviews the development of utility functions. Daniel Bernoulli introduced the concept of utility function to solve the St. Petersburg paradox. In the mid-20th century, Herbert Simon proposed the "satisficing" heuristic and presented a value function with a shape different from traditional utility functions. This study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of several utility functions proposed until the emergence of the prospect theory value function. Results - This study posits that prospect theory and EBA model are the two most important theories in the field of behavioral decision theory. They can explain various choice behaviors that traditional utility maximization analysis has been unable to. The application of these models to various fields is further increasing nowadays. This study explains how prospect theory and the EBA model can be used to explain the context effects. Conclusions - The traditional economic theory relies on a single variable called "utility" in explaining consumer choice. However, this study argues that, in investigating consumer choice, several other variables should also be considered. These are the similarity among alternatives, an alternative's prototypicality within the category, the dominance relationship between alternatives, and the reference point in evaluating alternatives. Due to the development of behavioral economics, we are now closer to a more complete understanding of consumer choice behavior than in the past when we had only a single tool called utility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.974-980
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• 2014

In semi-arid areas of Southern Africa, dehydration can compromise the performance and welfare of local chickens, particularly during the growing period when confinement is curtailed and birds are left to scavenge for feed and water. The effect of water restriction on the growth performance was compared in Naked Neck (NNK) and Ovambo (OVB) chickens that are predominant in Southern Africa. A total of 54 eight-wk-old pullets each of NNK and OVB chickens with an initial average weight of $641{\pm}10g/bird$ were randomly assigned to three water intake treatments, each having six birds for 8 wk. The water restriction treatments were ad libitum, 70% of ad libitum and 40% of ad libitum intake. Nine experimental pens with a floor space of $3.3m^2$ per strain were used. The pens were housed in an open-sided house with cement floor deep littered with a 20 cm layer of untreated wood shavings. Feed was provided ad libitum. Average daily water intake (ADWI), BW at 16 weeks of age (FBW), ADG, ADFI, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and water to feed ratios (WFR) were determined. Ovambo chickens had superior (p<0.05) FBW, ADG and ADWI than NNK chickens. Body weight of birds at 16 weeks of age, ADG, ADFI, ADWI, and WFR declined progressively (p<0.05) with increasing severity of water restriction while FCR values increased (p<0.05) as the severity of water restriction increased. Naked Neck chickens had better FCR at the 40% of ad libitum water intake level than Ovambo chickens. The dressing percentage per bird was higher in water restricted birds than those on ad libitum water consumption, irrespective of strain. Heart weight was significantly lower in birds on 40% of ad libitum water intake than those on ad libitum and 70% of ad libitum water intake, respectively. In conclusion, NNK chickens performed better than OVB chickens under conditions of water restriction and would be ideal to raise for meat and egg production in locations where water shortages are a major challenge.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2002

Some projects being in force by the Ministry of Government Administration & Home Affairs and the Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry for farm village area activation offers experience activity of various form to city dwellers, and to farm village inhabitants, affirmative effect is expected in aspect that activation becomes possible for a lot of visitors. But, to farm village(rural district) area activation that huge budget and effort carried out successfully, there are some items that specialist, administration and the persons concerned must inspect together now. First, to project for farm village area activation succeeds; leading participation of inhabitants should be premised. Second, that stagnated economy revives is as rightful result that appears in case farm village area activation effort succeeds. But, can drop more highlights like the value pursuit of life in case put success or failure of all businesses in income enlargement. Third, because inhabitant cultivates own in making process, the attachment and pride for area can be inculcated. Doing not become focus is set to economical logic to do, the heritage of area as well as history culture, must consider that apply eco-museum concept that magnify nature heritage and industry heritage. Fourth, actually the plan period given usually is too shortly than received huge budget. Furthermore, in case it carries out by desirable inhabitants leading type so. Project that not consider the period that is cost to the statement of inhabitants' active opinion and finding out a point of compromise may be hard to get desirable result.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 진로탐색 집단상담 프로그램이 여대생의 진로결정 자기효능감과 진로성숙도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과 진로탐색 집단상담 프로그램은 여대생의 진로결정 자기효능감 하위 영역 가운데 목표선택, 직업정보, 미래계획에서 통계적으로 유의미한 효과가 있었으나, 문제해결 영역에서는 유의미한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 진로탐색 집단상담 프로그램이 여대생의 진로성숙도 영역가운데 결정성, 독립성, 관여성에서 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으나, 타협성 영역에서는 유의미한 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 진로탐색 집단상담 프로그램이 여대생의 진로결정 자기효능감 및 진로성숙도 향상에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것을 증명한 것이다. 따라서 진로탐색 집단상담 프로그램을 대학 1학년때 부터 실시함으로, 학생들이 자신의 적성과 소질에 맞는 진로를 스스로 선택할 수 있도록 도와야 한다. 더 나아가 대학에서 진로탐색 집단상담 프로그램과 같은 교과목을 개설하여 대학생들의 진로문제에 많은 도움을 제공해야 할 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.1955-1962
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• 2020

In a sudden shutdown of primary pump or coolant loss accident in a marine nuclear power plant, the primary flow decreases rapidly in a transition process from forced circulation (FC) to natural circulation (NC), and the lower flow enters the steam generator (SG) causing reverse flow in the U-tube. This can significantly compromise the safety of nuclear power plants. Based on the marine natural circulation steam generator (NCSG), an experimental loop is constructed to study the characteristics of reverse flow under middle-temperature and middle-pressure conditions. The transition from FC to NC is simulated experimentally, and the characteristics of SG reverse flow are studied. On this basis, the experimental loop is numerically modeled using RELAP5/MOD3.3 code for system analysis, and the accuracy of the model is verified according to the experimental data. The influence of the flow variation rate on the reverse flow phenomenon and flow distribution is investigated. The experimental and numerical results show that in comparison with the case of adjusting the mass flow discontinuously, the number of reverse flow tubes increases significantly during the transition from FC to NC, and the reverse flow has a more severe impact on the operating characteristics of the SG. With the increase of flow variation rate, the reverse flow is less likely to occur. The mass flow in the reverse flow U-tubes increases at first and then decreases. When the system is approximately stable, the reverse flow is slightly lower than obverse flow in the same U-tube, while the flow in the obverse flow U-tube increases.