• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.12
• /
• pp.1098-1125
• /
• 2000

A review on the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineering in 1998 and 1999 has been done. Focus has been put on current status of research in the aspect of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation and building environment. The conclusions are as follows. 1) A review of the recent studies on fluid flow, turbomachinery and pipe-network shows that many experimental investigations are conducted in applications of impingement jets. Researches on turbulent flows, pipe flows, pipe-networks are focused on analyses of practical systems and prediction of system performance. The results of noise reduction in the turbomachinery are also reported. 2) A review of the recent studies on heat transfer analysis and heat exchanger shows that there were many papers on the channel flow with the application to the design of heat exchanger in the heat transfer analysis. Various experimental and numerical papers on heat exchanger were also published, however, there were few papers available for the analysis of whole system including heat exchanger. 3) A review of the recent studies on heat pump system have focused on the multi-type system and the heat pump cycle to utilize treated sewage as the heat source. The defrosting and the frosting behaviors in the fin-tube heat exchanger is experimentally examined by several authors. Several papers on the ice storage cooling system are presented to show the dynamic simulation program and optimal operation conditions. The study on the micro heat pipes for the cooling of high power electronic components is carried out to examine the characteristics of heat and mass transfer processed. In addition to these, new type of separate thermosyphon is studied experimentally. 4) The recent studies on refrigeration/air conditioning system have focused on the system performance and efficiency for new alternative refrigerants. New systems operating with natural refrigerants are drawing lots of attention. In addition to these, evaporation and condensation heat transfer characteristics of traditional and new refrigerants are investigated for plain tubes and also for microfin tubes. Capillary tubes and orifice are main topics of research as expansion devices and studies on thermophysical properties of new refrigerants and refrigerant/oil mixtures are widely carried out. 5) A review of the recent studies on absorption cooling system shows that numerous experimental and analytical studies on the improvement of absorber performance have been presented. Dynamic analysis of compressor have been performed to understand its vibration characteristics. However research works on tow-phase flow and heat transfer, which could be encountered in the refrigeration system and various phase-change heat exchanger, were seemed to be insufficient. 6) A review of recent studies on duct system shows that the methods for circuit analysis, and flow balancing have been presented. Researches on ventilation are focused on the measurement of ventilation efficiency, and variation of ventilation efficiency with ventilation methods by numerous experimental and numerical studies. Furthermore, many studies have been conducted in real building in order to estimate indoor thermal environments. Many research works to get some information for cooling tower design have been performed but are insufficient. 7) A review on the recent studies on architectural thermal environment and building mechanical systems design shows that thermal comfort analysis is sitting environment, thermal performance analysis of Korean traditional building structures., and evaluation of building environmental load have been performed. However research works to improve the performance of mechanical system design and construction technology were seemed to be insufficient.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.9
• /
• pp.2107-2118
• /
• 2020

The nuclear reactor coupled with supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) Brayton cycle has good prospects in generation IV reactors. Turbomachineries (turbine and compressor) are important work equipment in circulatory system, whose performances are critical to the efficiency of the energy conversion system. However, the sharp variations of S-CO₂ thermophysical properties make turbomachinery performances more complex than that of traditional working fluids. Meanwhile, almost no systematic analysis has considered the effects of turbomachinery efficiency under different conditions. In this paper, an in-house code was developed to realize the geometric design and performance prediction of S-CO₂ turbomachinery, and was coupled with systematic code for Brayton cycle characteristics analysis. The models and methodology adopted in calculation code were validated by experimental data. The effects of recompressed fraction, pressure and temperature on S-CO₂ recompression Brayton cycle were studied based on detailed design of turbomachinery. The results demonstrate that the recompressed fraction affects the turbomachinery characteristic by changing the mass flow and effects the system performance eventually. By contrast, the turbomachinery efficiency is insensitive to variation in pressure and temperature due to almost constant mass flow. In addition, the S-CO₂ thermophysical properties and the position of minimum temperature difference are significant influential factors of cyclic performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2016

In this work, the open-drive oil free air compressor is modified to activate an organic Rankine cycle system as an expanding machine. The shape of the modified scroll expander case is a rectangular parallelepiped and the size of the case is $0.0394m^3$. The scroll expander is operated in an ORC using R245fa as working fluid with various working conditions for the performance test. The test data points are used to calculate the parameters of the scroll expander semi-empirical simulation model. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results to validate the simulation model.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.50-54
• /
• 2016

The performance of a scroll expander is the most important factor for the efficiency of small scale Organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation systems. In this research, a scroll compressor was purchased and operated in reverse to function as a scroll expander. With air as a working fluid, a series of performance test were conducted on this expander by varying the inlet and outlet pressure. Secondly, We have tested through 2000 to 3500 rpm rotational speed to find the maximum power and efficiency of the expander. And last, It was observed in the initial experiments that the design of the expander's orbiting scroll wrap partially blocked the fluid intake which may have caused unnecessary flow resistance. To verify this theory, a small part of the scroll wrap was removed and the performance test was redone. It was observed that the lower back pressure assure the higher efficiency and power of expander and the rotational speed that shows maximum adiabetic efficiency of scroll expander is 69% at 2500 rpm. And by modified wrap of the scroll, we could get volume flow rate for 13% to 19% and power for 5% to 18% increased. But the maximum efficiency of the modified scroll was decreased 8%.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2003

In the design of the split type free displacer Stilting cryocooler the motion of the displacer is very important to decide the cooling capacity, which depends upon the working gas pressure, the swept volume in the compression space and the expansion space, operating frequency, the phase shift between piston and displacer, etc. In this study, Stirling cryocooler actuated by the electric farce of the dual linear motor is designed and manufactured. Cool down characteristics of the cold end with laser displacement sensor in the expander of the Stilting cryocooler is evaluated. The charging pressure was 15kg$_{f}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and operating frequency was 50Hz. Input power and the lowest temperature were about 32W and 67K, respectively. And, displacement of the piston is measured by LVDTs (Linear Variable Differential Transformers), displacement of thedisplacer is measured by laser optic method, and phase shift between piston and displacer is discussed. As the peak-to-peak pressure of the compressor was increased, peak-to-peak displacement of the displacer was increased. The peak-to-peak displacement of the displacer increases in the range of 0 - 64.5Hz(resonant frequency of the displacer), but decreases steeply when the operating frequency is bigger than the resonant frequency. Finally when the phase shift between displacements of the Piston and displacer is 45。, operating frequency is optimum and is decided by resonant frequency of the expander, mass and cross section area of the displacer and constant by friction and flow resistance.e.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.26 no.8
• /
• pp.1095-1101
• /
• 2002

An experimental apparatus was prepared to investigate thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of regenerator at cryogenic temperature under pulsating pressure condition. The regenerator was pressurized and depressurized by a compressor with various operating frequencies. Cold end of the regenerator was maintained around 100 K by means of a liquid nitrogen heat exchanger. Instantaneous gas temperature and mass flow rate were measured at both ends of the regenerator during the whole pressure cycle. Pulsating pressure drop across the regenerator was also measured to see if it could be predicted by a friction factor at steady flow condition. The operating frequency of pressure cycle was varied between 3 and 60 Hz, which are typical operating frequencies of Gifford-McMahon, pulse tube, and Stilting cryocoolers. First, the measured friction factor for typical wire screen mesh regenerator was nearly same as steady flow friction factor for maximum oscillating Reynolds number up to 100 at less than 9 Hz. For 60 Hz operations, however, the discrepancy between oscillating flow friction factor and steady flow one was noticeable if Reynolds number was higher than 50. Second, the ineffectiveness of regenerator was directly calculated from experimental data when the cold-end was maintained around 100 K and the warm-end around 293 K, which simulates an actual operating condition of cryogenic regenerator. Influence of the operating frequency on ineffectiveness was discussed at low frequency range.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2009

The GHP(Gas Heat Pump) is an efficient cooling;11eating system in which a compressor is driven by a gas engine and is brodening its application to the facilities such as schools and office buildings. It is difficult to control the GHP system because of slow response, big time constant and time variant system. These nonlinear loads generate harmonic currents and create distortions on the sinusoidal voltage of the power system Harmonic field measurements have shown that the harmonic contents of a waveform varies with time. A cumulative probability approach is the most commonly used method to solve time varying harmonics. This paper provides an in depth analysis on harmonics field measurement of the GHP loads, harmonic assessment by me 61000-3-2, and harmonic simulation and harmonic filter application using EDSA program for the case study system.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2017

A heat pump system is a highly efficient, eco-friendly device which consumes a small amount of energy and supply a lot of energy for heat formation. In addition, it is a single device system that has low generation effect about carbon dioxide. There are many researches related to the electronic expansion valve and the heat pump, but the detailed data analysis of each influence is insufficient. In this study, the cooling capacity and COP of the heat pump system were investigated by varying frequency of the inverter connected to compressor, inlet temperature of chilled water into evaporator and inlet temperature of cooling water into condenser. The results are as follows : (1) The cooling capacity increased as the inverter frequency, inlet temperature of chilled water into evaporator increased, and inlet temperature of cooling water into condenser decreased. (2) The COP increased as the frequency of inverter, inlet temperature of cooling water into condenser decreased and the inlet temperature of chilled water into evaporator increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2008

The global warming potential (GWP) of $CO_2$ refrigerant is 1/1300 times lower than that of R134a. Furthermore, the size and weight of the automotive heat pump system can decrease because $CO_2$ operates at high pressure with significantly higher discharge temperature and larger temperature change. The presented $CO_2$ heat pump system was designed for both cooling and heating in fuel cell vehicles. In this study, the performance characteristics of the heat pump system were analyzed for heating, and results for performance were provided for operating conditions when using recovered heat from the stack coolant. The performance of the heat pump system with heater core was compared with that of the conventional heating system with heater core and that of the heat pump system without heater core, and thus the heat pump system with heater core showed the best performance among the selected heating systems. On the other hand, the heating performance of two different types of coolant/air heat pump systems with heater core was compared each other at various coolant inlet temperatures. Furthermore, to use exhausted thermal energy through the radiator, experiments were carried out by changing the arrangement of a radiator and an outdoor evaporator, and quantified the heating effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.381-385
• /
• 1996

This paper described to experiment and analyze for the characteristic of underwater airbubble curtain which was generated by the air - bubble curtain generating unit consisted with air compressor (290l/min x 1.5Kw) and air tank(10kgf/$cm^2$) in order to provide foundation source for guiding fish schools. To layout the air - bubble curtain was made vinyl hoses( $cm^2$ emitting air - pressure, the wider hole interval of hose drilled the higher air - bubble curtain could be formed, and then the horizontal length of air - bubble curtain could be prolonged 45% according to be inclined vertical angle of air - bubble generating hose.