• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

최근 시멘트 생산 시에 발생하는 다량의 $CO_2$로 인한 환경문제가 심각한 실정이며, 이러한 환경문제를 해결하기 위해 고로슬래그 미분말과 같은 산업부산물을 시멘트 대체 재료로 사용한 알칼리 활성 슬래그 콘크리트에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. AAS 콘크리트는 상온에서 고강도 발현이 가능하지만 알칼리 반응으로 인한 빠른 응결시간과 유동성 손실로 인해 작업시간 확보에 어려움이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 알칼리 활성 콘크리트의 구조 부재 적용을 위한 기초 자료 확보를 위해 AAS 모르타르의 압축강도 및 유동 특성에 시멘트용 유동화제가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 물-결합재비(W/B)는 0.35로 고정하고 알칼리 활성화제로 수산화나트륨과 물유리를 사용하여 AAS 모르타르를 제조하였으며, 유동성 확보를 위해 4종의 유동화제인 나프탈렌(N), 리그닌(L), 멜라민(M), PC(P) 계를 각각 슬래그 질량대비 최대 2%까지 첨가하여 압축강도, 플로우, 초음파 속도를 측정하였다. 실험결과, 멜라민계 유동화제를 첨가한 경우 AAS 모르타르의 압축 강도 저하 현상 없이 유동성이 증진되는 것으로 나타났으며, 나프탈렌계와 PC계의 경우에는 유동성 개선효과가 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2010

Submarine and deep sea diving structures are generally designed based on their ultimate strength. Fatigue strength at welded joint must be also taken into account because working stress is increased due to the increasing of diving depth and using high yield steel. The pressure hulls of submarine are subjected to fluctuating compressive loading. But in addition to the calculated stresses, high residual tensile stresses at welded part have to be considered. The state of stress level of pressure hull is tensile at surface and compressive at deep diving depth. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the crack initiation and growth at the weld toe of T welded joints of HY-100 steel plate under constant amplitude loading. It is also investigated the phenomenon of the fatigue failure and test methods. Fatigue tests have been using real scaled local structural models of full penetration T-welded joint, which is a part of the cylindrical shell structures reinforced by ring stiffeners. Several load ratios under constant amplitude loading are considered in the tests. Crack initiation and growth characteristics are examined based on the beach marks of the cracked section of the test specimens. A design stress-life curve including the design formula is suggested according to tested data.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2007

This study was performed to find out hazardous factors in the loaded works of muscular skeletal disorders(MSDs) for four company attached to dining workers from October 2005 to June 2006. The results are summarized as follows. 1. 42.5% of workers in study group were 40-50 years old, and females were higher than males, and the average of body weight was 70kg, 57kg in males and females, respectively. Working time per day was mostly 7-9hours, and the rate of worker who had never education and training was 46%. 2. The upper part and right part of body were higher than lower part and left part in symptoms of muscular skeletal disorders. Body parts which complained of symptoms were the order of right shoulder(55%), right arm(54%), right hand,(40%) waist(35%), leg(25%), and neck(24%). 3. The results of evaluation in the loaded works of muscular skeletal disorders to cooking, dish supply, preparing side dish, and washing the dishes and cleaning the floor of cooking room using RULA and OWAS checklists was action level 4(potential hazards, needs of change workplace), and the result of evaluation using back compressive force needed control measures as 779.27 lbs~1,274.04 lbs. In a view point of the result of this study, large dining rooms should be designed by ergonomic technology for the work surface height, width, and depth. The height of carrying car should be lower to 70cm, and repetitiveness and handling weight should be reduced by mechanical means, and education and training also should be performed for all of workers positively.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.623-635
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• 2018

In order to research the influence of different recycled aggregate contents on the mechanical properties of pervious concrete, the experimental study and numerical simulation analysis of the mechanical properties of pervious concrete with five kinds of recycled aggregates contents (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) are carried out in this paper. The experimental test were first performed on concrete specimens of different sizes in order to determine the influence of recycled aggregate on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, direct tension strength and bending strength. Then, the development of the internal cracks of pervious concrete under different working conditions is studied more intuitively by $PFC^{3D}$. The experimental results show that the concrete compressive strength, tensile strength and bending strength decrease with the increase of the recycled aggregate contents. This trend of reduction is not only related to the brittleness of recycled aggregate concrete, but also to the weak viscosity of recycled aggregate and cement paste. It is found that the fracture surface of pervious concrete with recycled aggregate is smoother than that of natural aggregate pervious concrete by $PFC^{3D}$, which means that the bridging effect is weakened in the stress transfer between the left and right sides of the crack. Through the analysis of the development of the internal cracks, the recycled aggregate concrete generated more cracks than the natural aggregate concrete, which means that the recycled aggregate concrete is easier to form a coalescence fracture surface and eventually break.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2022

During bolted flange assembly, the contact stiffness of some areas of the joint surface may be low due to the elastic interaction. In order to improve the contact stiffness at the lowest position of bolted flange, the correlation model between the initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange is established in this paper. According to the stress distribution model of a single bolt, an assumption of uniform local contact stiffness of bolted flange is made. Moreover, the joint surface is divided into the compressive stress region and the elastic interaction region. Based on the fractal contact theory, the relationship model of contact stiffness and contact force of the joint surface is proposed. Considering the elastic interaction coefficient method, the correlation model of the initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange is established. This model can be employed to reverse determine the tightening strategy of the bolt group according to working conditions. As a result, this provides a new idea for the digital design of tightening strategy of bolt group for contact stiffness of bolted flange. The tightening strategy of the bolted flange is optimized by using the correlation model of initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange. After optimization, the average contact stiffness of the joint surface increased by 5%, and the minimum contact stiffness increased by 6%.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 알파형 반수석고를 활용한 PHC 파일 콘크리트의 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 알파형 반수석고의 치환율이 증가할수록 응결시간이 급격히 빨라졌으며, 특히 20 % 이상 치환 시 급격한 수화반응으로 응결시간이 단축되어 작업 시간 확보가 불가능하였다. 알파형 반수석고의 치환율이 증가할수록 ettringite와 Gypsum 피크가 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, ettringite 피크 증가로 인해 콘크리트의 수축량이 감소하는 것으로 판단된다. 알파형 반수석고 치환율 5~15 %에서는 OPC 대비 압축강도가 증가하거나 동등 수준으로 나타났으나 20 % 치환 시 급격한 응결로 인한 작업성이 저하되어 5~15 % 범위의 사용이 적절하다고 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.303-310
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• 2002

Overbreak occurred inevitably in a tunnel excavation, Is the main factor for increasing cost and time in tunnel projects. Furthermore the damage to the remained rock mass related to the overbreak can give rise to a serious safety problem in tunnels. As a rule of thumb, causes for the overbreak are inaccuracy in drilling, the wrong design of blasting and selection of explosives, and heterogeneity in rock mass. Specially, the geological features of the rock mass around periphery of an excavation are very important factors, so a lot of researches have been conducted to describe these phenomena. But the quantitative geological classification of the rock mass for the overbreak and the method for decreasing the amount of the overbreak have not been established. Besides, the technical improvement of the charge method is requested as explosives for the smooth blasting have not functioned efficiently. In this study, the working face around periphery of an excavation has been continuously sectionalized to 5∼6 parts, and the new Blastability Index for the overbreak based on 6 factors of RMD(Rock Mass Description), UCS(Uniaxial Compressive Strength) JPS(Joint Plane Spacing), JPO(Joint Plane Orientation), JPA(Joint Plane Aperture) and FM(Filling Material) is proposed to classify sections of the working face. On the basis of this classification, the distance between contour holes and the charging density are determined to minimize the overbreak. For controlling the charging density and improving the function of explosives, the New Deck Charge(N.D.C) method utilizing the deck charge method and detonation transmission in hole has been developed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1765-1775
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• 2013

콘크리트 공시체의 압축강도와 연성성능을 향상시키기 위하여 FRP 와이어의 적용을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 와이어 보강겹수와 콘크리트 압축강도의 변화가 고려된 와이어 보강 공시체의 압축실험을 실시하였다. FRP 와이어 보강 공시체 압축실험에서 측정된 축방향변형률, 원주방향변형률, 체적변형률에 의한 와이어 내부 콘크리트의 손상상태를 분석하여 와이어 보강효과를 평가하였다. FRP 와이어 보강 공시체의 응력-변형률 선도는 두 개의 직선구간과 변환구간으로 구성된 것으로 측정되었으며, 균열이후구간에서 응력상승거동하였다. 와이어 보강 공시체의 균열강도와 최대강도는 와이어 보강겹수에 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 평가되었다. 와이어가 3겹 보강된 35 MPa 공시체의 최대강도는 무보강 공시체의 압축강도보다 286% 높게 측정되었다. FRP 와이어 보강 공시체의 내부 콘크리트 파괴형태는 i) 수직균열 또는 경사균열파괴; ii) 수평균열파괴로 구분되었다. 특히, 수평균열파괴는 와이어에 의한 구속약화로 인하여 갑자기 내부 콘크리트가 팽창하는 부분과 와이어가 아직 내부 콘크리트를 효과적으로 구속하는 부분의 전단효과로 발생하였으며, 수평균열은 공시체의 중앙부를 기준으로 여러 면으로 발생하였으며, 와이어에 의한 구속효과가 우수한 공시체에 발생하였다. FRP 와이어 보강 공시체 압축실험에서 와이어 최대파단변형률에 대한 인장파단변형률의 비가 55-90%로 측정되었으며, 평균 69.5%로 나타났다. 이는 일반 FRP 시트 보강 공시체 실험에서 측정된 시트 파단변형률보다 다소 높은 값으로 FRP 와이어 보강 공법의 우수성을 입증한다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2019

다양한 원인에 의한 포장체에 손상이 발생하면 신속한 통행재개를 위한 급속보수가 필요하게 된다. 산화마그네슘인산염복합체의는 경화시간이 짧고, 조기 강도발현이 가능하여 급속보수재료로 적합한 특성을 갖고 있다. 연구에서는 경소마그네시아와 제1인산칼륨을 결합하여 보수재료로 개발하기 위하여 물-결합재(W/B)비, 마그네슘-인산염(M/P)비 등의 배합비를 조정하면서 경화와 강도특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 그리고 현장 적용시의 작업성을 확보하기 위하여 표준사와 일반모래에 따른 거동차이와 지연제별 특성을 평가하였다. 실험결과 물-결합재비는 35%내외와 마그네슘-인산염비는 1.0~1.2 내외가 강도측면에서 가장 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. W/B비 0.35, M/P비 1.2 변수에서 1일 강도 25.0MPa 이상 발현되어 조기 보수재료로서 활용가능성이 충분한 것으로 분석되었다. 작업시간 확보를 위해서는 붕산을 지연제로 사용하는 것이 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 산화마그네슘의 순도는 90~95%내외가 경화시간 확보를 위해 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2014

Recently, multiple metropolitan counties and local authorities have been actively working on improving their local existence with various methods and strategies. Such change cannot be observed when local authorities were chosen by the government. Also, the public administration has recently emphasized important factors of public design which seeks better lifestyle and outward beauty from quantitative growth and policy of strongly considering outward form due to the compressive modernization. Public design intends to complete aesthetic factor and improve the quality of life as the efficiency as the value of public administration. The purpose of this study is to discuss how public school has been evolved as public space and how to create local user-centered interaction. The study retrieve the communication which the essential publicness in the school public design and the self-management which is the original value in terms of sociology. The method in which the characters of the public design of the publicness have been changed will be concentrated on in public area. In addition, the study has been focused on the efforts of the reflection of the development in public design are the challenges for the aim of the design of the publicness.