• Title/Summary/Keyword: Compressive Strength of Concrete

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Neuro-fuzzy based approach for estimation of concrete compressive strength

  • Xue, Xinhua;Zhou, Hongwei
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.697-703
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    • 2018
  • Compressive strength is one of the most important engineering properties of concrete, and testing of the compressive strength of concrete specimens is often costly and time consuming. In order to provide the time for concrete form removal, re-shoring to slab, project scheduling and quality control, it is necessary to predict the concrete strength based upon the early strength data. However, concrete compressive strength is affected by many factors, such as quality of raw materials, water cement ratio, ratio of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate, age of concrete, compaction of concrete, temperature, relative humidity and curing of concrete. The concrete compressive strength is a quite nonlinear function that changes depend on the materials used in the concrete and the time. This paper presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the prediction of concrete compressive strength. The training of fuzzy system was performed by a hybrid method of gradient descent method and least squares algorithm, and the subtractive clustering algorithm (SCA) was utilized for optimizing the number of fuzzy rules. Experimental data on concrete compressive strength in the literature were used to validate and evaluate the performance of the proposed ANFIS model. Further, predictions from three models (the back propagation neural network model, the statistics model, and the ANFIS model) were compared with the experimental data. The results show that the proposed ANFIS model is a feasible, efficient, and accurate tool for predicting the concrete compressive strength.

Compressive and Flexural Strength Development Characteristics of Polymer Concrete (폴리머 콘크리트의 압축 및 휨강도 발현 특성)

  • Jin, Nan Ji;Yeon, Kyu-Seok
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.60 no.1
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    • pp.101-110
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    • 2018
  • This study experimentally investigated the compressive and flexyral strength development characteristics of polymer concrete using four different type polymeric resins such as unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) as binders. The test results show that the average compressive strength of those four different polymer concretes was 88.70 MPa, the average flexural strength was 20.30 MPa. Those test results show that compressive and flexural strengths of polymer concrete were much stronger than compressive and flexural strengths of ordinary Portland cement concrete. In addition, the relative gains of the compressive strength development at the age of 24 hrs compared to the age of 168 hrs were 68.6~88.3 %. Also, the relative gains of the flexural strength development at the age of 24 hrs compared to the age of 168 hrs were 73.8~93.4 %. These test results show that compressive and flexural strengths of each polymer concrete tested in this study were developed at the early age. Moreover, the prediction equations of compressive and flexural strength developments regarding the age were determined. The determined prediction equations could be applied to forecast the compressive and flexural strength developments of polymer concrete investigated in this study because those prediction equations have the high coefficients of correlation. Last, the relations between the compressive strength and the flexural strength of polymer concrete were determined and the flexural/compressive strength ratios were from 1/4 to 1/5. These results show that polymer concretes investigated in this study were appropriate as a flexural member of a concrete structure because the flexural/compressive strength ratios of polymer concrete were much higher than the flexural/compressive strength ratios of Portland cement concrete.

Long-term development of compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete

  • Yang, Shuzhen;Liu, Baodong;Yang, Mingzhe;Li, Yuzhong
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.66 no.2
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    • pp.263-271
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    • 2018
  • Compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete are constantly changing with age. In order to determine long-term development of compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete, an investigation of C30 concrete cured in air conditions was carried out. Changes of compressive strength and elastic modulus up to 975 days were given. The results indicated that compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete rapidly increased with age during the initial 150 days and then increased slowly. The gain in elastic modulus was slower than that of compressive strength. Then relationships of time-compressive strength, time-elastic modulus and compressive strength-elastic modulus were proposed by regression analysis and compared with other investigations. The trends of time-compressive strength and time-elastic modulus with age agreed best with ACI 209R-92. Finally, factors contributed to long-term development of compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete were proposed and briefly analyzed.

A Study on the Quality Control of 80MPa UHPC according to the Measurement Method of Compressive Strength (압축강도 측정방법에 따른 80MPa급 UHPC의 품질관리에 관한 연구)

  • Koo, Hyun-Chul;Moo, Ji-Hun;Lee, Hak-ju;Park, Min-Sang;Choi, Sung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2019.05a
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    • pp.176-177
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    • 2019
  • Recently, efforts are made to apply 200MPa levels of ultra-high strength concrete to structures exceeding 40MPa.. Ultra-high strength concrete has been steadily researched in Korea as well as abroad, and now it is equipped with 200MPa ultra-high strength concrete mixing technology. Because ultra-high strength concrete has a higher range of compressive strength than ordinary concrete, it is difficult to accurately measure the compressive strength of UHPC concrete with existing compressive strength measuring equipment and can be less reliable. In this study, the compressive strength of the SC80 was measured according to the test method to compare the compressive strength of the SC80 by applying various methods of measurement of compressive strength. The compressive strength test method measured the compressive strength according to the size of the specimen, the grinding method, and the capacity of the UTM equipment.

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Statistical division of compressive strength results on the aspect of concrete family concept

  • Jasiczak, Jozef;Kanoniczak, Marcin;Smaga, Lukasz
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.145-161
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    • 2014
  • The article presents the statistical method of grouping the results of the compressive strength of concrete in continuous production. It describes the method of dividing the series of compressive strength results into batches of statistically stable strength parameters at specific time intervals, based on the standardized concept of "concrete family". The article presents the examples of calculations made for two series of concrete strength results, from which sets of decreased strength parameters were separated. When assessing the quality of concrete elements and concrete road surfaces, the principal issue is the control of the compressive strength parameters of concrete. Large quantities of concrete mix manufactured in a continuous way should be subject to continuous control. Standardized approach to assessing the concrete strength proves to be insufficient because it does not allow for the detection of subsets of the decreased strength results, which in turn makes it impossible to make adjustments to the concrete manufacturing process and to identify particular product or area on site with decreased concrete strength. In this article two independent methods of grouping the test results of concrete with statistically stable strength parameters were proposed, involving verification of statistical hypothesis based on statistical tests: Student's t-test and Mann - Whitney - U test.

Prediction of compressive strength of concrete using multiple regression model

  • Chore, H.S.;Shelke, N.L.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.837-851
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    • 2013
  • In construction industry, strength is a primary criterion in selecting a concrete for a particular application. The concrete used for construction gains strength over a long period of time after pouring the concrete. The characteristic strength of concrete is defined as the compressive strength of a sample that has been aged for 28 days. Neither waiting for 28 days for such a test would serve the rapidity of construction, nor would neglecting it serve the quality control process on concrete in large construction sites. Therefore, rapid and reliable prediction of the strength of concrete would be of great significance. On this backdrop, the method is proposed to establish a predictive relationship between properties and proportions of ingredients of concrete, compaction factor, weight of concrete cubes and strength of concrete whereby the strength of concrete can be predicted at early age. Multiple regression analysis was carried out for predicting the compressive strength of concrete containing Portland Pozolana cement using statistical analysis for the concrete data obtained from the experimental work done in this study. The multiple linear regression models yielded fairly good correlation coefficient for the prediction of compressive strength for 7, 28 and 40 days curing. The results indicate that the proposed regression models are effectively capable of evaluating the compressive strength of the concrete containing Portaland Pozolana Cement. The derived formulas are very simple, straightforward and provide an effective analysis tool accessible to practicing engineers.

Prediction of compressive strength of concrete based on accelerated strength

  • Shelke, N.L.;Gadve, Sangeeta
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.58 no.6
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    • pp.989-999
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    • 2016
  • Moist curing of concrete is a time consuming procedure. It takes minimum 28 days of curing to obtain the characteristic strength of concrete. However, under certain situations such as shortage of time, weather conditions, on the spot changes in project and speedy construction, waiting for entire curing period becomes unaffordable. This situation demands early strength of concrete which can be met using accelerated curing methods. It becomes necessary to obtain early strength of concrete rather than waiting for entire period of curing which proves to be uneconomical. In India, accelerated curing methods are used to arrive upon the actual strength by resorting to the equations suggested by Bureau of Indian Standards' (BIS). However, it has been observed that the results obtained using above equations are exaggerated. In the present experimental investigations, the results of the accelerated compressive strength of the concrete are used to develop the regression models for predicting the short term and long term compressive strength of concrete. The proposed regression models show better agreement with the actual compressive strength than the existing model suggested by BIS specification.

The Relationship between Splitting Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength of Fiber Reinforced Concretes

  • Choi, Yeol;Kang, Moon-Myung
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.155-161
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    • 2003
  • This paper presents experimental and analytical results of glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) and polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (PERC) to investigate the relationship between tensile strength and compressive strength based on the split cylinder test (ASTM C496) and compressive strength test (ASTM C39). Experimental studies were performed on cylinder specimens having 150 mm in diameter an 300 mm in height with two different fiber contents (1.0 and 1.5% by volume fraction) at ages of 7, 28 and 90 days. A total of 90 cylinder specimens were tested including specimens made of the plain concrete. The experimental data have been used to obtain the relationship between tensile strength and compressive strength. A representative equation is proposed for the relationship between tensile strength and compressive strength of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) including glass and polypropylene fibers. There is a good agreement between the average experimental results and those calculated values from the proposed equation.

Effect of moisture on the compressive strength of low-strength hollow concrete blocks

  • Syiemiong, Hopeful;Marthong, Comingstarful
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.267-272
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    • 2019
  • In order to study the effect of moisture on the compressive strength of low-strength hollow concrete blocks, an experimental study was carried out on 96 samples of locally manufactured hollow concrete blocks collected from three different locations. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on dry specimens and three types of saturated specimens with moisture contents of 30%, 50% and 80% respectively. The range of moisture content adopted covered the range within which the concrete block samples are saturated in the dry and monsoon seasons. The compressive strength of low-strength hollow concrete blocks decreases with increase in moisture content and the relationship between compressive strength of hollow concrete blocks and their moisture content can be considered to be linear. However, the strength degradation of 30% moist concrete blocks with respect to dry blocks is relatively low and can be considered to be comparable to dry concrete blocks. A formula indicating the relationship between the moisture content and compressive strength of low-strength hollow concrete blocks is also proposed.

Adaptive Probabilistic Neural Network for Prediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete (콘크리트 압축강도 추정을 위한 적응적 확률신경망 기법)

  • 김두기;이종재;장성규
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 2004.10a
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    • pp.542-549
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    • 2004
  • The compressive strength of concrete is commonly used criterion in producing concrete. However, the tests on the compressive strength are complicated and time-consuming. More importantly, it is too late to make improvement even if the test result does not satisfy the required strength, since the test is usually performed at the 28th day after the placement of concrete at the construction site. Therefore, accurate and realistic strength estimation before the placement of concrete is being highly required. In this study, the estimation of the compressive strength of concrete was performed by probabilistic neural network (PNN) on the basis of concrete mix proportions. The estimation performance of PNN was improved by considering the correlation between input data and targeted output value. Adaptive probabilistic neural network (APNN) was proposed to automatically calculate the smoothing parameter in the conventional PNN by using the scheme of dynamic decay adjustment algorithm. The conventional PNN and APNN were applied to predict the compressive strength of concrete using actual test data of a concrete company. APNN showed better results than the conventional PNN in predicting the compressive strength of concrete.

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