• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1630-1636
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• 2003

Automobile companies and research institutions in leading automobile-manufacturing nations have recently been very active with research regarding the HCCI engine for use in future vehicles. Because HCCI engines take advantage of high compression ratio and heat release rate, they exhibit high efficiency found in compression ignition engines. HCCI engines also utilize a lean air/fuel ratio resulting in low emissions of NO$_{x}$ and PM (particulate matter). The objective of this research is to determine the effects of EGR rate on the combustion processes of HCCI. for this purpose, a 4-cylinder, compression ignition engine was converted into a HCCI engine, and a heating device was installed to raise the temperature of the intake air and also to make it more consistent. In addition, a pressure sensor was inserted into each of the cylinders to investigate the differences in characteristics among the cylinders. The experimental study of the effects of EGR rate on various gas emissions, engine performance, etc. should prove to be a valuable source of information for the development of the HCCI engine.e.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 1996

In this study, the combined forces of electro-osmosis and compression were applied to cabbage dewatering and their effects were discussed. Nine treatments of combined forces consisting of three levels of voltage and compression were applied to chopped and macerated chinese cabbage placed in the experimental set-up consisted of cylinder-piston. The results showed that as both voltage and pressure increased the dewatering rates increased and the combined force of voltage and compression was a very effective means in the dewatering of chinese cabbage in which the largest dewatering rate difference, 72%, was found between the combined force of 30V with 68.2kPa and no voltage(0V) with 68.2kPa. However, no significant difference was found between the voltage of 0 and 10volts in 9.75kPa and the pressure of 68.2kP and 126.7kPa in 30volts. The maximum and minimum dewatering rate were 82% in the combined force of 30 volts of 126.7kPa and 8% in 0 volt of 9.75kPa, respectively. Within the experimental trials, it appeared that the best treatment combination would be pressure of 68.2kPa and voltage of 30V producing dewatering rate of 80ft in which the produced liquid contained about 1% solid. Employing this dewatering method as a pretreatment before drying process can contribute in considerable energy saving in agricultural wastes treatment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권6호통권113호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2005

Paper angle, environment friendly packaging material, has been mainly used as an edge protector, But, in the future, paper angle will be applied to package design of heavy product such as strength reinforcement or unit load system (ULS). Therefore. understanding of buckling behavior fur angle itself, compression strength and quality standard are required. The objectives of this study were to characterize the buckling behavior by theoretical and finite element analysis, and to develop compression strength model by compression test for symetric and asymetric paper angle. Based on the result of theoretical and finite element analysis, as applied load level was bigger and/or the length of angle was longer, incresing rate of buckling of asymmetric paper angle was higher than that of symmetric paper angle. Decreasing rate of minimum principal moment of inertia significantly increased as the extent of asymmetric angle increased, and buckling orientation of angle was open- direction near the small web. Incresing rate of maximum compression strength (MCS) for thickness of angle decreased as the web size increased in symmetric angle. MCS of asymmetric angle of 43${\times}$57 and 33${\times}$67 decreased $15{\~}18\%$ and $65{\~}78\%$, and change of buckling increased $12{\~}13\%$ and $62{\~}66\%$, respectively.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2006

In this the study, Lyocell fabrics for blanket were developed to get high value added goods for elder and Infant. Therefore, the purpose of the study was determine the effect of twist per inch on the physical properties of developed fabrics, including compression property and abrasion resistance on the process for making Lyocell combined yarns. For comparison, commonly used cotton blanket was used. The results were as the follows: 1) Dimensional changes of Lyocell fabrics was in -3% which value was pretty stable, and antistatic property was very good with 10V of electric propensity voltage which means there was no static electricity at all. Pilling property of Lyocell fabrics showed 3 grade which was good and air permeability and moisture vapor transmission rate of Lyocell fabrics were higher than those of cotton fabric and keeping warmth rate of Lyocell fabrics was about 50% which means it very warms. 2) Twist per inch of Lyocell combined yarns increased with tensile strength and elongation of Lyocell fabrics. 3) Twist per inch of Lyocell combined yarns increased with decreasing thickness reduction rate and therefore, compression property of those was pretty good. Specially, compression property of Lyocell fabrics made with yarns of 3.9TPI was better than those of cotton fabric. 4) Twist per inch of Lyocell combined yarns increased with abrasion resistance of Lyocell fabrics.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Paper angle, environment friendly packaging material, has been mainly used as an edge protector. But, we have perceived its application to package design of heavy product such as strength reinforcement or unit load system (ULS) in the future. Above all, understanding of buckling behavior for angle itself and compression strength and quality standard have to be accomplished for the paper angle to be used for this purpose. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the buckling behavior through theoretical and finite element analysis, and to develop compression strength model by compression test for symetric and asymetric paper angle. Based on the result of theoretical and finite element analysis, increasing rate of buckling of asymmetric paper angle was higher as applied load level was bigger and/or the length of angle was longer than that of symmetric paper angle. Decreasing rate of minimum principal moment of inertia was remarkably increased as the extent of asymmetric angle is bigger, and buckling orientation of angle was open direction near the small web. Increasing rate of maximum compression strength (MCS) for thickness of angle was smaller as the web size was bigger in symmetric angle. MCS of asymmetric angle of $43{\times}57$ and $33{\times}67$ was decreased $15{\sim}18%$ and $65{\sim}78%$, and change of buckling was increased $12{\sim}13%$ and $62{\sim}66%$, respectively.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1999년도 고액공존금속의 성형기술 심포지엄(III) SYMPOSIUM ON SEMISOLID FORMING TECHNOLOGY(III)
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• pp.15-32
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• 1999

A relationship between stress and stain is very important to design a die to avoid defects of products during semi-solid forming process. Since the liquid will be of eutectic composition in alloys liquid segregation will result in significant or undesirable situation. The materials used in this experiment are A 357. A390, Al2024 alloys that is fabricated by the electro-magnetic stirring process from Pechiney in France. The compression test was performed by induction heating equipment and MTS. In order to prevent the liquid segregation these measured temperature would be useful to control of strain rate during compression test. The liquid segregation is controlled as change of the strain rate and solid fraction during the compression process, The characteristics of flow between solid and liquid phase considering liquid segregation is examined through the above experiments. In the case of medium and high volume fractions of solid the distribution of strain rate is calculated by using compression test data of semi-solid materials (SSM). The thixoforming experiments with the designed die are carried out successfully. The die filling patterns of SSM for variation of die temperature and pressing force have been investigated. The hardness of the thixoformed scroll products is evaluated in terms of the microstructure for each position.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2010

The plastic deformation behavior of magnesium alloy is affected simultaneously by deformation temperature and strain rate under warm and/or hot working conditions. The soundness of deformation of AZ31-xCa (x=0. 0.7, 2.0 wt.%) extrudes during compression was strongly affected by processing variables including deformation temperature, strain rate. compression-loading direction, which was related to the activation of available deformation systems. The deformation behavior of AZ31-xCa extrudes was also affected by Ca content, which was related to the change of the sort and fraction of second phase. The complex effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the deformation behavior of AZ31-xCa extrudes during compression under various conditions could be successfully described by Zener-Hollomon parameter.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2022

전통적인 비디오 압축은 움직임 예측, 잔차 신호 변환 및 양자화를 통한 하이브리드 압축 방식을 기반으로 지금까지 발전해왔다. 최근 인공 신경망을 통한 기술이 빠르게 발전함에 따라, 인공 신경망 기반의 이미지 압축, 비디오 압축 연구 또한 빠르게 진행되고 있으며, 전통적인 비디오 압축 코덱의 성능과 비교해 높은 경쟁력을 보여주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 인공 신경망 기반 비디오 압축 모델의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제시한다. 기본적으로는 기존 인공 신경망 기반 비디오 압축 모델들이 채택하고 있는 변환 및 복원 신경망과 엔트로피 모델(Entropy model)을 이용한 율-왜곡 최적화(Rate-distortion optimization) 방법을 사용하며, 인코더 측에서 디코더 측으로 압축된 레이턴트 정보(Latent information)를 전송할 때 엔트로피 모델이 추정하기 어려운 정보의 값을 이동시켜 전송할 비트량을 감소시키고, 손실된 정보를 추가로 전송함으로써 손실된 정보에 대한 왜곡을 보정한다. 이러한 방법을 통해 기존의 인공 신경망 기반 비디오 압축 기술인 MFVC(Motion Free Video Compression) 방법을 개선하였으며, 실험 결과를 통해 H.264를 기준으로 계산한 BDBR (Bjøntegaard Delta-Bitrate) 수치(%)로 MFVC(-14%) 보다 두 배 가까운 비트량 감축(-27%)이 가능함을 입증하였다. 제안된 방법은 MFVC 뿐 아니라, 레이턴트 정보와 엔트로피 모델을 사용하는 신경망 기반 이미지 또는 비디오 압축 기술에 광범위하게 적용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.40-45
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• 1999

This experimental study presents the strength properties of mortar using the blast-furnace slag sand. The mix disign of this study is based on the each three classes of unit water; (250, 275, 300)kg/㎥ and four classes of W/C; (45, 50, 55, 60)% and substitution rate(0, 25, 50, 75, 100)%. It gives following result. As W/C ratio increase, the strength is decrease. In case of mortar using air-cooled blast-furnace slag sand, the 3-days and 7-days compression strength is increase as substitution rate is higher. But in case of the mortar using the quenched blast-furnace slag sand, the compression strength is decrease as substitution rate is higher.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 1992

The ring compression test has been widely employed as an experimental means to determine the friction factor. The calibration curves are obtained by the rigid-plastic finite element analysis for various work-hardening exponent and strain-rate hardening exponent. The effects of work-hardening exponent and strain-rate hardening exponent are thoroughly studied and discussed from the finite element computation. The change of friction factor during height reduction in ring compression is also discussed. Then, the method to estimate the change of friction factor during ring compression is proposed.