• 한국광물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

황철석에 대한 압축성 연구를 다이아몬드 앤빌 기기 및 방사광을 이용하고 에너지분산 X-선회절법을 적용하여 상온에서 시행하였다. 황철석의 체적탄성률은 실험조건과 실험기기에 따라 매우 큰 변이를 보이고 있는데 이는 압력전달매체의 특성에 따른 것으로 알려져 있다. $FeS_{2}#1$(황철석+NaCl)과 $FeS_{2}#2$(황철석+MgO)에 대해 압력전달 매체로 각각 NaCl과 유체를 이용하여 체적탄성률 138.9 GPa와 198.2 GPa를 각각 얻었다. 이러한 값은 시료방의 압력상태에 따른 예측 결과치에 대치되는 것으로 그 원인은 압력전달액체의 상변이에 따른 것으로 추정되며 이외에 고상검출기의 차이, E*d값의 차이 등도 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 모든 실험은 포항가속기연구소 1B2 빔라인에서 시행되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 1983

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of improving the performance of a kerosene engine with water addition. The engine used in this study was a single-cylinder, four-cycle kerosene engine with the compression ratio of 4.5. Water could be successfully added into the inlet manifold by an extra carburetor for the volumetric ratios of 5, 10, 20, and 30 percents. Variable speed tests at wide-open throttle were performed for five speed levels in the range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm for each fuel type. Volumetric efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption were determined, and brake thermal efficiency based on the lower heats of combustion of kerosene was calculated. To examine variation in fuel consumption, CO concentration, and cooling water temperature, part load tests were also performed. The results obtained are summarized as follow. (1) Brake torque increased almost in proportion to volumetric efficiency. But the ratio of increase in torque was greater than that of volumetric efficiency. Mean torque over the speed range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm increased 1, 3, 7, and 2 percents for 5, 10, 20, and 30 percents water addition, respectively. The increase in brake torque with water addition was greater at lower speeds. (2) Mean brake specific fuel consumption over the speed range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm decreased 1, 2, 3, and 3 percents for 5, 10, 20, and 30 percents water addition, respectively. (3) Mean temperature of cooling water over the speed range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm decreased 2, 4, 8, and 12 percents for 5, 10, 20, and 30 percents water addition, respectively. (4) The effects of decreasing CO concentration in the exhaust emissions with water addition were significant. At the speed range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm, CO concentration in the exhaust emissions decreased 2, 10, 23, percents for 5, 10, and 20 percents water addition, respectively. (5) Deposits were not discovered in the combustion chamber during the experiment. However, a little rust was formed in the water-supply carburetor.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2009

The performance of a direct-injection type diesel engine often depends on the strength of swirl or squish, shape of combustion chamber, the number of nozzle holes, etc. This is of course because the combustion in the cylinder was affected by the mixture formation process. In this paper, combustion process of biodiesel fuel was studied by employing the piston which has several grooves with inclined plane on the piston crown to generate swirl during the compression stroke in the cylinder in order to improve the atomization of high viscosity fuel such as biodiesel fuel and toroidal type piston generally used in high speed diesel engine. To take a photograph of flame, single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine was remodeled into two stroke visible engine and high speed video camera was used. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) In the case of toroidal piston, when biodiesel fuel was supplied to plunger type injection system which has very low injection pressure as compared with common-rail injection system, the flame propagation speed was slowed and the maximum combustion pressure became lower. These phenomena became further aggravated as the fuel viscosity gets higher. (2) In the case of swirl groove piston, early stage of combustion such as rapid ignition timing and flame propagation was activated by intensifying the air flow in the cylinder. (3) Combustion process of biodiesel fuel was improved by the reason mentioned in paragraph (2) above. Consequently, the swirl grooves would also function to improve the combustion of high viscosity fuel.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2004

굴양식장에서 폐기물로 처리되는 굴패각을 지반재료로 이용하기 위해서 굴패각-모래 혼합토의 강도 및 변형 특성에 대해 조사하였다. 타설된 모래다짐말뚝 재료의 강도는 표준관입시험(SPT)에 의해 현장에서 타설된 모래다짐말뚝 강도를 확인하는 것으로 되어있다. 그러나 모래는 표준관입시험에서 얻어진 N값과 내부마찰각의 관계에 대해 상당히 밝혀져 있으나, 굴패각-모래 혼합토에 대해서는 N값과 내부마찰각의 관계가 연구되어 있지 않다. 본 연구논문에서는 단위체적중량이 다양한 굴패각-모래 혼합토를 대형 모형토조에서 표준관입시험 및 대형 직접전단시험을 수행하여 N값, 단위체적중량, 내부마찰각의 상호 상관성을 제시하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 현장에서 표준관입시험을 통한 굴패각-모래 혼합토의 강도 평가가 가능하게 했으며 구속압축시험을 통하여 체적압축계수를 산정하고 혼합토의 예상침하량을 계산할 수 있게 하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2011

Due to the oxygen contents in biodiesel, application of the fuel to compression ignition engines has significant advantages in terms of lowering PM formation in the combustion chamber. In recent days, considerable studies have been performed to extend the low temperature combustion regime in diesel engines by applying biodiesel fuel. In this work, low temperature combustion characteristics of biodiesel blends in dilution controlled regime were investigated at a fixed engine operating condition in a single cylinder diesel engine, and the comparisons of engine performances and emission characteristics between biodiesel and conventional diesel fuel were carried out. Results show that low temperature combustion can be achieved at $O_2$ concentration of around 7~8% for both biodiesel and diesel fuels. Especially, by use of biodiesel, noticeable reduction (maximum 50% of smoke was observed at low and middle loads compared to conventional diesel fuel. In addition, THC(total hydrocarbon) and CO(Carbon monoxide) emissions decreased by substantial amounts for biodiesel fuel. Results also indicate that even though about 10% loss of engine power as well as 14% increase of fuel consumption rate was observed due to lower LHV(lower heating value) of biodiesel, thermal efficiencies for biodiesel fuel were slightly elevated because of power recovery phenomenon.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This study was to evaluate the effect of the solution temperature on the mechanical properties of dualcure resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For the study, five dual-cure resin cements were chosen and light cured. To evaluate the effect of temperature on the specimens, the light-cured specimens were immersed in deionized water at three different temperatures (4, 37 and $60^{\circ}C$) for 7 days. The control specimens were aged in a $37^{\circ}C$ dry and dark chamber for 24 hours. The mechanical properties of the light-cured specimens were evaluated using the Vickers hardness test, three-point bending test, and compression test, respectively. Both flexural and compressive properties were evaluated using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using a two way ANOVA with Tukey test to perform multiple comparisons (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS. After immersion, the specimens showed significantly different microhardness, flexural, and compressive properties compared to the control case regardless of solution temperatures. Depending on the resin brand, the microhardness difference between the top and bottom surfaces ranged approximately 3.3-12.2%. Among the specimens, BisCem and Calibra showed the highest and lowest decrease of flexural strength, respectively. Also, Calibra and Multilink Automix showed the highest and lowest decrease of compressive strength, respectively compared to the control case. CONCLUSION. The examined dual-cure resin cements had compatible flexural and compressive properties with most methacrylate-based composite resins and the underlying dentin regardless of solution temperature. However, the effect of the solution temperature on the mechanical properties was not consistent and depended more on the resin brand.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제13권spc2호
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• pp.328-331
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• 2012

With the recent development of super-precision optical instruments, camera modules for devices, such as portable terminals and digital camera lenses, are increasingly being used. Since an optical lens is usually produced by high-temperature compression molding methods using tungsten carbide (WC) alloy molding cores, it is necessary to develop and study technology for super-precision processing of molding cores and coatings for the core surface. In this study, Rhenium-Iridium (Re-Ir) thin films were deposited onto a WC molding core using a sputtering system. The Re-Ir thin films were prepared by a multi-target sputtering technique, using iridium, rhenium, and chromium as the sources. Argon and nitrogen were introduced through an inlet into the chamber to be the plasma and reactive gases. The Re-Ir thin films were prepared with targets having a composition ratio of 30 : 70, and the Re-Ir thin films were formed with a 240 nm thickness. Re-Ir thin films on WC molding core were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and Ra (the arithmetical average surface roughness). Also, adhesion strength and coefficient friction of Re-Ir thin films were examined. The Re-Ir coating technique has received intensive attention in the coating processes field because of promising features, such as hardness, high elasticity, abrasion resistance and mechanical stability that result from the process. Re-Ir coating technique has also been applied widely in industrial and biomedical applications. In this study, WC molding core was manufactured, using high-performance precision machining and the effects of the Re-Ir coating on the surface roughness.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 산화마그네슘계 내화물(Magnesium oxide-based refractory)을 함유한 팽창성 지반에서의 말뚝기초 거동을 분석하였다. 고정단 말뚝이 설치된 모형토조에 용융마그네시아(Fused magnesia, FM)를 활용하여 지반의 융기를 유도하였으며, FM함유량(FM_c = 30%, 50%, 70%)을 변화하여 시간에 따른 깊이별 융기량과 말뚝의 축력을 분석하였다. FM_c가 증가할수록 더 큰 융기량이 측정되었으며, 시료의 표면으로 갈수록 융기량이 누적되어 깊이에 따라 융기량이 감소하였다. 그러나 깊이별 융기율의 차이와 그에 따른 팽창압의 차이로 인하여 FM_c = 30%와 50%일때 말뚝에 뚜렷한 압축력과 인장력이 발현되었으며, FM_c = 70%일 때에는 말뚝 전체에 인장력만이 발현되었다. 이런한 결과는 산화마그네슘계 내화물이 포함된 혼합토 내의 말뚝거동을 분석하는데 중요한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.51-64
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• 1996

축하중계측장치가 부착된 모형 개단 강관 말뚝을 상대밀도 49%인 초세립질 포화 모래지반을 담고 있는 압력 토조속에 타입한 후 정적압축재하시험을 실시하여 극한지지력을 결정하였다. 극한지지력의 임의 수준의 압축하중을 말뚝머리에 재재하한 후 유사지진 진동 및 Sine정현파 진동을 작용시켜 동적 진동에 의한 개단말뚝의 압축지지력 저감특성을 연구하였다. 유사화된 지진진 동과 Sine정현파진동에 의한 개단말뚝의 지지력 저감특성은 큰 차이를 보였다. 유사화된 지진 진동중 지지력 저감율은 작용하중의 크기에 따라 크게 달라지는데, 작용하중의 크기가 약 70% 이하일 경우에는 지지력 감소율이 8%이하였으며, 극한하중의 90%이상을 지지하는 개단말뚝의 극한지 지력은 약 15%이상 감소되었다. 또한, 외주면 마찰력 성분의 감소량은 감소된 총 지지력의 약 80%를 차지하였다. Sine정현파 진동중 지지력의 감소율은 작용하중의 크기에 따라 달라지지 않으며, 진폭과 진동수에 의해 크게 영향을 받았다. 즉, 진폭이 클수록, 진동수가 적을수록 지지력은 크게 감소되었다. 관내토 폐색응력의 감소양상은 진동의 종류에 따라 크게 달랐다. 유사 지진 진동에 의한 관내토 폐색응력의 감소는 작용하중의 크기에 상관없이 말뚝 선단으로 부터 약 3.0D, 이내의 관내 토에서 발생되었다. Sine정현파 진동에 의한 판내토 폐색응력의 감소는 말뚝 선단으로 부터 약 1.0D,이내의 관내토에서 크게 감소하고, 1.0-3.0D,의 관내토 부분에서는 거의 감소되지 않았다. 또한, 관내토 폐색력은 크게 감소되어졌고, 작용하중의 크기에 따라 감소율도 크게 달랐다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2013

철근콘크리트(reinforced concrete) 구조부재에서 철근의 부식으로 인한 문제점을 개선하고자 섬유보강 복합재료(FRP) 보강근(rebar)을 사용하는 것에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 진행되어져 오고 있다. 하지만 이러한 FRP 보강근을 사용한 콘크리트 부재의 환경에 대한 장기거동에 대한 연구가 아직도 미흡한 수준이다. 이 연구는 GFRP(glass fiber reinforced polymer) 보강근을 사용한 콘크리트 부재를 온도 약 $46^{\circ}C$와 습도가 80%인 인위적인 실험실에서 최대 300일까지 노출시킨 후의 장기 거동에 대한 실험적 연구를 제시하였다. 비교를 위하여 두가지 서로 다른 GFRP 보강근과 철근을 보강한 콘크리트 보 시험체를 제작하였다. 실험 결과, 장기 노출환경에서도 GFRP 보강근을 보강한 콘크리트 보 시험체의 파괴형태는 철근 보강 콘크리트 보시험체와 매우 유사한 파괴형태를 나타내었으며, 노출 시간에 따른 하중저항 감소값은 철근이 보강된 경우가 GFRP 보강근이 보강된 경우보다 하중저항 감소값이 크게 일어났다. 또한 GFRP 보강근 보강 콘크리트 보 시험체를 설계할 시에는 철근 보강보다 취성파괴에 대한 충분한 대비가 요구됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 압축파괴에 대한 변형도 계수(deformability factor)는 모든 경우에서 노출시간에 관계없이 큰 변화가 없음을 알 수 있었다.