• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1478-1486
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• 2009

As a conventional line-fitting method, the Bouwer and Rice method has been popularly adopted to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer through a slug test. Because a ventical cutoff wall is usually very compressible and features a small wall thickness, the Bouwer and Rice method should be carefully used for the vertical cutoff wall. In addition, a relatively impermeable layer, called a filter cake, formed at the interface between the cutoff wall and the natural soil formation makes it difficult to use the Bouwer and Rice method directly. In order to overcome such limitations, the original Bouwer and Rice method is modified by incorporating the concept of the flow net method. In this modification, the geometry condition of cutoff walls including the filter cake is effectively considered in evaluating the hydraulic conductivity of a vertical cutoff wall.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1407-1414
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• 2009

In this study, a Jeju sand, which contains both siliceous and calcareous materials, was sampled from a beach in Jeju Island. It is observed that the Jeju sand has high extreme void ratios due to the angularity of grains and the intra-particle voids of hollow particles. From cone penetration test using calibration chamber system, it is found that the cone tip resistance($q_c$)-relative density(Dr)-vertical effective stress(${\sigma_v}'$) relation of Jeju sand almost matches to that of high compressible quartz sand. However, this correlation overestimates the relative density of a coastal sediments in Jeju Island maybe due to the cementation effect of this area. From analysis of the results of cone penetration and SPS tests at a coastal area in Jeju Island, it seems reasonable to assume that the coast of Jeju Island is a natural cemented sediments.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2023

Coastal and offshore structures such as ports and offshore wind farms will often need to be built on fine-grained sediments. Geotechnical properties associated with sediment compressibility are key parameters for marine construction designs especially on soft grounds, which involve clay-mineral dominated fines that can consolidate and settle significantly in response to engineered and environmental loads. We conduct liquid limit tests and 1D consolidation tests with fine-grained soils (silica silt, mica, kaolin and bentonite) and biogenic soils (diatom). The pore fluids for the liquid limit tests include deionized water and a series of brines with NaCl salt concentrations of 0.001 m, 0.01 m, 0.1 m, 0.6 m and 2.0 m, and the pore fluids for the consolidation tests deionized water, 0.01 m, 0.6 m, 2 m. The salt concentrations help the liquid limits of kaolin and bentonite decrease, but those of diatom slightly increase. The silica silt and mica show minimal changes in liquid limit due to salt concentrations. Accordingly, compression indices of soils follow the trend of the liquid limit as the liquid limit determined the initial void ratio of the consolidation test. Diatoms are more likely to be broken than clastic sediments during to loading, and diatom-rich sediment is therefore generally more compressible than clastic-rich sediment.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1115-1123
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• 2008

When constructing projects such as road embankments, bridge approaches, dikes or buildings on soft, compressible soils, significant settlements may occur due to the consolidation of these soils under the superimposed loads. The compressibility of the soil skeleton of a soft clay is influenced by such factors as structure and fabric, stress path, temperature and loading rate. Although it is possible to determine appropriate relations and the corresponding material parameters in the laboratory, it is well known that sample disturbance due to stress release, temperature change and moisture content change can have a profound effect on the compressibility of a clay. The early research of Tezaghi and Casagrande has had a lasting influence on our interpretation of consolidation data. The 24 hour, incremental load, oedometer test has become, more or less, the standard procedure for determining the one-dimensional, stress-strain behavior of clays. An important notion relates to the interpretation of the data is the ore-consolidation pressure ${\sigma}_p$, which is located approximately at the break in the slope on the curve. From a practical point of view, this pressure is usually viewed as corresponding to the maximum past effective stress supported by the soil. Researchers have shown, however, that the value of ${\sigma}_p$ depends on the test procedure. furthermore, owing to sampling disturbance, the results of the laboratory consolidation test must be corrected to better capture the in-situ compressibility characteristics. The corrections apply, strictly speaking, to soils where the relation between strain and effective stress is time independent. An important assumption in Terzaghi's one-dimensional theory of consolidation is that the soil skeleton behaves elastically. On the other hand, Buisman recognized that creep deformations in settlement analysis can be important. this has led to extensions to Terzaghi's theory by various investigators, including the applicant and coworkers. The main object of this study is to suggestion the modified compression index value to predict settlements by back calculating the $C_c$ from different numerical models, which are giving best prediction settlements for multi layers including very thick soft clay.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2006

조립토 다짐말뚝의 거동특성은 주로 말뚝의 횡방향 팽창을 억제하는 연약한 원지반의 횡방향 구속응력에 의해 지배된다. 따라서 조립토 다짐말뚝의 지반 보강 능력은 원지반의 비배수 전단강도가 $15{\sim}50kPa$ 정도인 경우에 가장 효과적인 것으로 알려지고 있으며, 보다 연약한 지반에서는 구속압력이 충분하게 발휘되지 않으므로 적용성이 크게 저하된다. 본 연구에서는 연약지반에 대한 조립토 다짐말뚝의 적용성 확대를 위해 등입도 투수성 콘크리트 보강 조립토 다짐말뚝 공법을 제안하였으며, 등입도 투수성 콘크리트와 쇄석 및 연약 점성토로 구성된 복합 공시체의 대형삼축압축시험을 통해 제안된 공법의 효율성을 입증하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 제안된 공법의 실무 적용성 확보를 위해 침하량 산정기법을 제안하였으며, 제안된 침하량 산정기법의 검증을 위한 목적으로 3차원 유한요소해석을 실시하여 해석결과로 분석된 말뚝의 침하량과 제안식에 의해 산출된 침하량을 상호 비교 분석하였다. 추가적으로 본 연구에서는 다양한 변수분석을 수행하여 설계변수의 영향정도를 평가하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2018

지하공간의 수요가 증가되면서 지중구조물의 기능을 저하시키는 상재하중 및 토피증가에 대한 구조물의 안정성 문제를 해결하기 위해 많은 연구자들이 고압축성 물질을 이용한 하중저감방법 연구를 진행해왔다. 본 논문은 하수관거에 작용하는 하중을 EPS Geofoam을 활용하여 경감시키는 하중저감공법을 아치구조물에 적용하고 그 효과를 증가시키기 위한 최적의 Soft Zone 적용방법에 대해 기술하고 있다. 지반구조 상호작용을 고려한 ABAQUS 유한요소해석을 통해 아치구조물의 거동 특성을 파악하고 4가지 EPS Geofoam 형식을 해석적으로 분석하여 최적의 적용형상을 확인하였다. 해석 결과를 토대로 선정된 최적 단면 형상에 대해 아치구조물의 라이즈비, 지간길이 변화를 해석변수로 고려하여 발생하는 토압감소율을 비교하여 적용성을 분석하였다. 수치해석에서 선정한 최적 Soft Zone를 적용한 아치구조물에 발생하는 토압이 평균 78% 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 EPS Geofoam의 토압 경량화 효과와 이에 대한 지중아치구조물의 적용성 평가는 지중구조물 설계 시 경제적이고 합리적인 방법을 제공해 줄 것이며, 향후 심층 지하공간에 대한 활용성 증가에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

순간변위시험(Slug test)을 통해 대수층의 투수계수를 구할 때, 시험결과 해석에 적용하는 line-fitting법 중 가장 일반적인 방법이 Bouwer and Rice법이다. Bouwer and Rice법을 적용하여 압축성이 크고 벽체의 두께가 얇은 연직차수벽의 투수계수를 산정할 때는 세심한 주의가 필요하다. 그리고 연직 차수벽과 주변 지반 사이에 형성된 상대적으로 투수성이 낮은 영역, 즉 필터케이크(Filter cake)는 Bouwer and Rice법을 연직차수벽의 투수계수 산정시, 이 방법을 직접적용하기 어렵게 만든다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 Bouwer and Rice법의 한계를 극복하기 위해서 유선망 개념을 도입한 수정 Bouwer and Rice법을 제안하였다. 수정된 Bouwer and Rice법은 연직차수벽의 투수계수를 산정할 때 필터케이크를 포함한 연직차수벽의 기하학적 조건을 효율적으로 반영할 수 있도록 한다. 또한, 수정 Bouwer and Rice법의 적용성을 검증하기 위한 사례 연구가 본 논문에서 수행되었다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.41-54
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• 1998

지반의 불균질성, 토질상수의 측정에 연관된 오차. 압밀이론의 단점 등으로 예측된 압밀침하량 및 시간은 항상 실측치와 잘 일치하지 않게 된다. 압축성 지반 위에 성토가 이루어질 때, 최종 침하량과 압밀시간을 예측하기 위한 예측기법은 실무에서 유용한 수단이다. 그러나, 기존의 예측기법들에 의한 침하곡선에서 직선을 찾기가 어렵거나, 개인오차를 피할 수 없는 등의 단점을 내포하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 새로운 예측기법($\sqrt{s}$법)으로 현장에서 압밀해석을 수행하기 위하여 제안되었다. 두 현장에 대하여 $\sqrt{s}$-법과 함께 다른 기존의 방법들을 적용한 결과, $\sqrt{s}$법과 Asaoka법에 의해 예측된 최종침하량은 실측치와 좋은 일치를 보여주었으나, 쌍곡선법(Tan, 1991)에서는 항상 과대평가된 결과를 또한 Hoshino 법에서는 많은 경우에 예측이 불가한 결과를 보여주었다.$\sqrt{s}$- 법에 의한 침하곡 선상에서 평균압밀도가 60%와 90% 사이에서 직선을 나타내고 있어서 개인오차를 유발할 가능성이 희박하였다. $\sqrt{s}$- 법에 의하여 예측된 최종압밀시간은 실측치와 잘 일치하고 있는 반면에 Asaoka 와 Tan(1996) 방법에 의한 결과는 아주 과소평가되거나 과대평가되었다. 이러한 이유는 후자의 두 방법에서 단계성토의 영향이 고려되지 못했기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.133-144
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• 2009

Incheon Bridge, 18.4 km long sea-crossing bridge, will be opened to the traffic in October 2009 and this will be the new landmark of the gearing up north-east Asia as well as the largest & longest bridge of Korea. Incheon Bridge is the integrated set of several special featured bridges including a magnificent cable-stayed girder bridge which has a main span of 800 m width to cross the navigation channel in and out of the Port of Incheon. Incheon Bridge is making an epoch of long-span bridge designs thanks to the fully application of the AASHTO LRFD (load & resistance factor design) to both the superstructures and the substructures. A state-of-the-art of the geotechnologies which were applied to the Incheon Bridge construction project is introduced. The most Large-diameter drilled shafts were penetrated into the bedrock to support the colossal superstructures. The bearing capacity and deformational characteristics of the foundations were verified through the world's largest static pile load test. 8 full-scale pilot piles were tested in both offshore site and onshore area prior to the commencement of constructions. Compressible load beyond 30,000 tonf pressed a single 3 m diameter foundation pile by means of bi-directional loading method including the Osterberg cell techniques. Detailed site investigation to characterize the subsurface properties had been carried out. Geotextile tubes, tied sheet pile walls, and trestles were utilized to overcome the very large tidal difference between ebb and flow at the foreshore site. 44 circular-cell type dolphins surround the piers near the navigation channel to protect the bridge against the collision with aberrant vessels. Each dolphin structure consists of the flat sheet piled wall and infilled aggregates to absorb the collision impact. Geo-centrifugal tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of the dolphin in the seabed and to verify the numerical model for the design. Rip-rap embankments on the seabed are expected to prevent the scouring of the foundation. Prefabricated vertical drains, sand compaction piles, deep cement mixings, horizontal natural-fiber drains, and other subsidiary methods were used to improve the soft ground for the site of abutments, toll plazas, and access roads. Light-weight backfill using EPS blocks helps to reduce the earth pressure behind the abutment on the soft ground. Some kinds of reinforced earth like as MSE using geosynthetics were utilized for the ring wall of the abutment. Soil steel bridges made of corrugated steel plates and engineered backfills were constructed for the open-cut tunnel and the culvert. Diverse experiences of advanced designs and constructions from the Incheon Bridge project have been propagated by relevant engineers and it is strongly expected that significant achievements in geotechnical engineering through this project will contribute to the national development of the longspan bridge technologies remarkably.