• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.677-690
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• 2022

Actuator disk method 기반의 유동 해석자를 이용하여 수직 이착륙 복합형 비행체 중 하나인 이중 덕트 팬 항공기에 대한 공력해석을 수행하고 관련 지면 효과를 분석하였다. 회전 격자 기법을 이용한 해석결과와의 비교를 통해, 지면 효과 분석을 위한 해석자의 특성과 정확도를 함께 평가하였다. 지면과의 거리에 따른 공력 성능과 유동장 특성을 분석하였다. 지면과의 거리가 가까울수록 팬 추력은 증가하지만, 덕트, 동체, 날개의 수직력 감소로 인한 총 수직력 및 제자리 비행 효율의 저하를 확인하였다. 동체 하부의 유동장 분석으로부터 팬 후류와 지면 간의 상호작용에 의해 발생하는 지면 와류와 분수 유동을 확인하고, 이들이 비행체 공력 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 속도 프로파일 비교/검토를 통해 비행체로부터의 거리와 방향에 따른 기체 주변 아웃워시의 강도와 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 콜렉티브 피치각에 따른 지면 효과의 영향을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1946-1952
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• 2005

New group 15 organometallic compounds, M$(phenanthrenyl)_3$ (M = P (1), Sb (2), Bi (3)) have been prepared from the reactions of 9-phenanthrenyllithium with $MCl_3$. A reaction of 9-(diphenylphosphino)phenanthrene with 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azide led to the formation of (phenanthrenyl)${(Ph)}_2P$=N-(2,6-$^iPr_2C_6H_3$) (4). The crystal structures of 2 and 4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractions, both of which crystallize with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Compound 2 shows a trigonal pyramidal geometry around the Sb atom with three phenanthrenyl groups being located in a screw-like fashion with an approximately $C_3$ symmetry. A significant amount of CH- -$\pi$ interaction exists between two independent molecules of 4. The phosphorus center possesses a distorted tetrahedral environment with P-N bond lengths of 1.557(3)$\AA$ (P(1) N) and 1.532(3)$\AA$ (P(2)-N), respectively, which are short enough to support a double bond character. One of the most intriguing structural features of 4 is an unusually diminished bond angle of C-N-P, attributable to the hydrogen bonding of N(1)-H(5A) [ca. 2.49$\AA$ between two adjacent molecules in crystal packing. The compounds 1-3 show purple emission both in solution and as films at room temperature with emission maxima ($\lambda_{max}$) at 349, 366, and 386 nm, respectively, attributable to the ligand centered $\pi$ $\rightarrow$ $\pi^\ast$ transition in phenanthrene contributed by the lone pair electrons of the Gp 15 elements. Yet the nature of luminescence observed with 4 differs in that it originates from $\pi$ (diisopropylbenzene)-$\pi^\ast$ (phenanthrene) transitions with the $\rho\pi$contribution from the nitrogen atom. The emission maximum of 4 is red-shifted ranging 350-450 nm due to the internal charge transfer from the phenanthrenyl ring to the N-arylamine group as deduced from the ab initio calculations.

• 복식
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• 제13권
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• pp.51-72
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• 1989

In this thesis, I examined the mental, philosophical aspects and the aesthetic sense of our ancestors through the study of the patterns pictured in the mural paintings of Koguryo dynasty's old tomb. To view the mode of construction in Koguryo dynasty from present angle, the detailed analysis of the patterns was done. As a result, I could fully understand the formative consciousness of our nation. 1. I defined the process of transition of the mural paintings by putting some 70 mural aintings into the form of a diagram. 2. The cultural aspects of the mural paintings in Koguryo dynasty were characterized by the fusion of our primitive religion and Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism which were introduced from China. From this fact, I could inferred that Koguryo people were giving off the strong desire for the faith by means of the mural paintings. Further more I found that configuration of the patterns such as religious elements. 3. The types of the patterns were classified into four types, this is, geometric type, natural type, cultural type and abstract type, Among these types, geometric type and natural type were nonsymbolic in nature but became cultured and abstracted in course of time. cultural pattern and abstract pattern got the symbolic meaning in the long run. Of all the constitution of the patterns represented in the mural paintings such as repeat constitution, left and right symmetric constitution, top and bottom symmetric constitution and rotary symmetric constitution, the left and right symmetric constitution was mainly used and some monotony of left and right symmetric constitution. The analysis of motif which was got from the mode of the patterns showed that the mixing of symbolic and nonsymbolic patterns made it possible to regard the separate symbol as compound in nonsymbolic patterns and the combination between nonsymbolic patterns ensured the understanding of other patterns in certain cases. Our ancestors made great efforts to transmit certain meaning symbolically. Also to heighten the symbolism, they drew the meangless patterns firstly and then appended meaning to those patterns secondly. Furthermore, they offered the background to the patterns comblined with symbolism, so that meaning transmission was clarified at last. As mentioned above, the patterns shown in the mural paintings of Koguryo dynasty's old tomb were characterized by natural beauty. And natural beauty was found out clearly in the form and constitution of the patterns. Therefore I concluded that our nation's religious, philosophical tradition was acted on the patterns strongly.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.244-249
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• 1988

오옥신활성물질(活性物質) 또는 호르몬형제초활성물질(型除草活性物質)의 생물검정법(生物檢定法)으로 죽송(竹松)의 Raphanus test를 도입(導入)하고자 품종(品種) 및 검정방법(檢定方法)을 검토(檢討)하고 효과(效果)를 확인(確認)하였다. 1. 공시품종(供試品種)중에서 장백미농조생무우가 반응성(反應性), 재료(材料)의 균일성(均一性), 반응(反應)의 정량성(定量性), 재료(材料)의 육성(育成) 및 취급상의 여러 면에서 가장 우수하였다. 무우유묘(幼苗)의 자엽병각도(子葉柄角度)는 일당(日當) $6^{\circ}$의 비율로 증가되었으며 곡선희귀식으로 추정(推定)한 약제처리적정시기(藥劑處理適正時期)는 파종후(播種後) 7~9일(日)로 판단되었고 약제처리후(藥劑處理後) 자엽병굴곡각도(子葉柄屈曲角度)는 급격히 증가하여 24시간후에는 최고에 달하였다. 3. 엽제처리후(葉劑處理後) 광(光)의 유무(有無)에 따른 반응성(反應性)은 암조건(暗條件)에서 자연광조건(自然光條件)보다 컸으며 더욱 농도(濃度)에 따라 정량적(定量的)이었고 온도조건(溫度條件)은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 25, 30, $35^{\circ}C$보다 반응성(反應性)이 높았다. 4. 본 생물검정법(生物檢定法)은 $GA_3$, BA, ABA에는 전혀 반응하지 않았으며 homobrassinolide 보다는 ${\alpha}$-NAA에 더욱 특이적으로 반응하였고 오옥신활성물질 또는 호르몬형제초활성물질로 알려진 phenoxy 및 indole 화합물에 정량적(定量的)으로 반응하였다.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 1995

상기제목의 화합물의 두가지 단결정이 n-hexane/CH2C12 과 n-hexane/Et2O 의 용매에 의하여 얻어졌으며, 그들의 서로 다른 공간군에도 불구하고 그들의 분자구조는 동일함이 밝혀졌다. C22H18N2O2 (I), Mr=343.70, Monoclinic, Pa, a=14.595(2), b=5.413(2), c=12.218(2)Å, β=96.86(1)°, V=958.3Å3, Z=2, Dx=1.19 Mgm-3, λ(MoKα)=0.71069Å, μ=0.072mm-1, F(000)=360.0, T=292K, 756 유일한 반사강도에 대하여 R=0.104이다. 한 비대칭단위는 분자간의 두 개의 N-H…O 수소결합으로 연결된 dimer이다. C11H9NO (II), Mr=171.85, Monoclinic, P21/a, a=14.611(2), b=5.423(6), c=12.191(2)Å, β=96.89(1)°, V=959.0Å3, Z=4, Dx=1.19 Mgm-3, λ(MoKα)=0.71069Å, μ=0.072mm-1, F(000)=360.0, T=293K, 824 개의 유일한 반사강도에 대한 R=0.066이다. 한 분자가 비대칭단위를 이루고 있으며 대칭중심관계에 있는 두 개의 N-H…O 수소결합으로 dimer 를 형성한다. 양쪽 구조에서 공히 선형인 diyne chain에 의하여 연결된 pyridyl 고리와 C(10)-C(11)-O가 만드는 평면간의 이면각은 수직에 가까우며, 그 분자들은 b-축을 반복주기로하여 b-축을 따라 쌓여있다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2023

Purpose : The most effective intervention for flat foot is strengthening exercises for the intrinsic and extrinsic of the foot. Additionally, visual feedback is necessary for movement accuracy. However, the effectiveness of the intervention when combined with visual feedback was not revealed. To confirm this, the research was to investigate the effect of visual feedback and a complex exercise program on navicular bone height, plantar pressure, and lower extremity alignment. Methods : The twenty eight adult men and women with flat foot were randomly assigned to group 1 (n=14) and group2 (n=14), group1 performed complex exercises with visual feedback, and group 2 performed only complex exercises. Both groups performed a 40 minute compound exercise program three times a week. Navicular drop test, plantar pressure test, and lower extremity alignment test were performed equally in both group. Results : As a result of comparing the change in navicular height within the group according to the intervention, both groups showed a significant difference before and after the exercise (p>.05). There was not significant difference comparing the difference between the groups in the navicular height (p>.05). Comparing the change in plantar pressure within groups, there was not significant difference in the change in plantar pressure in both groups (p>.05). Coparing the difference before and after exercise between groups, there was not significant plantar pressure (p>.05). Comparing the change in leg alignment within the group, there was a significant difference in the change in ankle before and after exercise in group 1 (p<.05), but there was not significant difference in group 2. There was not significant difference in pelvic tilt and knee tilt before and after exercise in both groups (p>.05). Comparing the before and after exercise difference between groups, there were not significant in all variables of leg alignment (p>.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that complex exercise applied to patients with flat foot were effective in increasing the height of the navicular bone and ankle angle, but there was no effect due to visual feedback.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2014

대추를 첨가한 드레싱의 제조와 대추퓨레의 첨가량이 드레싱의 이화학적 및 관능적 품질특성과 항산화능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 드레싱은 생대추를 박피, 제심하고 스팀 블랜칭, 마쇄하여 퓨레를 제조하고 이의 첨가량이 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%가 되게 간장, 식초, 올리고당, 올리브유, 물 등을 혼합하여 제조하였다. 드레싱의 색도 중 $L^*$값은 대추퓨레 10% 첨가구를 제외한 나머지 대추퓨레 첨가구들이 무첨가구 보다 높은 수치를 보였으며, $a^*$값은 대추퓨레 첨가구가 무첨가구의 수치보다 낮게 나타났으나 대추퓨레 첨가구 간에는 첨가량에 따라 수치가 비례적으로 증가함을 보였고, $b^*$값은 대추퓨레 첨가구가 무첨가구 보다 높은 수치를 보였다. 총산도는 대추퓨레의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 높아짐을 보였다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 대추퓨레의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 높아져 50% 첨가구에서 가장 높은 수준을 보였다. 점도는 대추퓨레 첨가구가 무첨가구 보다 높은 수준을 보였으며 첨가구에서는 첨가량에 비례하여 점도가 증가하였다. 총페놀 함량은 대추퓨레의 첨가량이 높아짐에 따라 증가함을 보였다. 항산화능의 척도인 DPPH radical 소거능은 대추퓨레의 첨가량에 비례하여 증가하였다. 드레싱의 색, 냄새, 맛, 질감 및 종합적 기호도에 대한 관능검사 결과, 전반적으로 대추퓨레 첨가구가 무첨가가 보다 좋게 평가되었고, 모든 평가 항목에서 대추퓨레 30% 첨가구가 유의적으로 가장 좋게 평가되었다. 이로써 대추퓨레를 첨가한 드레싱의 제조가 가능하였고, 드레싱의 항산화능과 관능적 품질특성을 고려한 대추퓨레의 첨가량은 30% 정도가 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2005

This study is to define how the difference of athletic change influence on the last regrasp after somersault in Belle movement of parallel bars. For his study, the following conclusion was produced by analysis of athletic change by means of three dimensional visual image in three athlete of nation. 1. As the picture of S1, there are total used time(2.01 sec), S3(2.17 sec) and S2(2.19 sec). In case of a short needed time, it is difficult for them to perform the remaining movement of the vertical elevating flight easily and comfortably, it is judged as performing the small movement with restrict swing. 2 In the change of body center sped by each event, it is calculated as $-89.1^{\circ}$ the narrowest in S1, $-81.96^{\circ}$ the widest and then $86.34^{\circ}$ in S3. In E3 event, average compound speed is 4.07m/s, S2 showed the fastest speed of 4.14m/s whereas S1 the narrowest angle of 3.95m/s. 3. A shoulder joint and coxa are the period of mention in E3. In E4 which was pointed out the longest vertical distance, S2 that is indicated the highest vertical height as the period of detach in parallel bars. showed -3.91m. This is regarded as a preparatory movement for dynamic performance after using effectively elastic movement of shoulder joint and coxa while easily going up with turning back movement. In the 5th phrase, long airborne time and vertical change position is showed as the start while regrasping securely air flight movement from high position. 4. In E5, a long flight time and a long vertical displacement were shown as the regrasp after somersault efficiently in high position with stability from the point of the highest peak of the center of the body. Especially, S2 is marked as a little bit long position, while S1 is reversely indicated as performing somersault and unstable motion in a low position. 5. In E3, at the point of the largest extension of the shoulder joint and hip joint the shoulder joint is largely marked in $182^{\circ}$ and the hip point $182^{\circ}$ in S2. The shoulder joint is marked at the smallest angle in $177^{\circ}$ and the hip point $176^{\circ}$ in S1. And S1 is being judged by its performance of the less self - confident motion with lessening a breath of swing. S2 makes the most use of flexion and extension of the shoulder joint and the hip joint effectively. It was performed greatly with swinging and dropping the rotary movement and the rotary inertia naturally. 6. In E6, as the point of regrasp of the upper arm in parallel bars it is recognized by the that of components of vertical and horizontal velocity stably. During this study, the insufficient thing and the study on the parallel bars at a real game later are more activated than now. If it is really used as the basic materials by means of Belle Picked Study of Super E level after Bell movement, you may perceive the technique movement previously and perform without difficulty. Especially, such technique as crucifix is quite advantageous for oriental people thanks to small body shape condition. In conclusion we will nicely prepare for our suitable environment to gradually lessen trials and errors by analyzing and studying kinematically this movement.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1996년도 The 9th KACG Technical Annual Meeting and the 3rd Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.258-292
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• 1996

In the last year great interest appears to YBCO thin films preparation on different substrate materials. Preparation of epitaxial film is a very difficult problem. There are many requirements to substrate materials that must be fullfilled. Main problems are lattice mismatch (misfit) and similarity of structure. From paper [1] or follows that difference in interatomic distances and angles of substrate and film is mire important problem than similarity of structure. In this work we present interatomic distances and angle relations between substrate materials belonging to ABCO4 group (where A-Sr or Ca, B-rare earth element, C-Al or Ga) of different orientations and YBCO thin films. There are many materials used as substrates for HTsC thin films. ABCO4 group of compounds is characterized by small dielectric constants (it is necessary for microwave applications of HTsC films), absence of twins and small misfit [2]. There most interesting compounds CaNdAlO4, SrLaAlO4 and SrLaGaO4 were investigated. All these compounds are of pseudo-perovskite structure with space group 14/mmm. This structure is very similar to structure of YBCO. SLG substrate has the lowest misfit (0.3%) and dielectric constant. For preparation of then films of substrates of this group of compound plane of <100> orientation are mainly used. Good quality films of <001> orientations are obtained [3]. In this case not only a-a misfit play role, but c-3b misfit is very important too. Sometimes, for preparation of thin films substrates of <001> and <110> orientations were manufactured [3]. Different misfits for different YBCO faces have been analyzed. It has been found that the mismatching factor for (100) face is very similar to that for (001) face so there is possibility of preparation of thin films on both orientations. SrLaAlO4(SLA) and SrLaGaO4(SLG) crystals of general formula ABCO4 have been grown by the Czochralski method. The quality of SLA and SLG crystals strongly depends on axial gradient of temperature and growth and rotation rates. High quality crystals were obtained at axial gradient of temperature near crystal-melt interface lower than 50℃/cm, growth rate 1-3 mm/h and the rotation rate changing from 10-20pm[4]. Strong anisotropy in morphology of SLA and SLG single crystals grown by the Czochralski method is clearly visible. On the basics of our considerations for ABCO4 type of the tetragonal crystals there can appear {001}, {101}, and {110} faces for ionic type model [5]. Morphology of these crystals depend on ionic-covalent character of bonding and crystal growth parameters. Point defects are observed in crystals and they are reflected in color changes (colorless, yellow, green). Point defects are detected in directions perpendicular to oxide planes and are connected with instability of oxygen position in lattice. To investigate facets formations crystals were doped with Cr3+, Er3+, Pr3+, Ba2+. Chromium greater size ion which is substituted for Al3+ clearly induces faceting. There appear easy {110} faces and SLA crystals crack even then the amount of Cr is below 0.3at.% SLG single crystals are not so sensitive to the content of chromium ions. It was also found that if {110} face appears at the beginning of growth process the crystal changes its color on the plane {110} but it happens only on the shoulder part. The projection of {110} face has a great amount of oxygen positions which can be easy defected. Pure and doped SLA and SLG crystals measured by EPR in the<110> direction show more intensive lines than in other directions which allows to suggest that the amount of oxygen defects on the {110} plane is higher. In order to find the origin of colors and their relation with the crystal stability, a set of SLA and SLG crystals were investigated using optical spectroscopy. The colored samples exhibit an absorption band stretching from the UV absorption edge of the crystal, from about 240 nm to about 550 m. In the case of colorless sample, the absorption spectrum consists of a relatively weak band in the UV region. The spectral position and intensities of absorption bands of SLA are typical for imperfection similar to color centers which may be created in most of oxide crystals by UV and X-radiation. It is pointed out that crystal growth process of polycomponent oxide crystals by Czochralski method depends on the preparation of melt and its stoichiometry, orientation of seed, gradient of temperature at crystal-melt interface, parameters of growth (rotation and pulling rate) and control of red-ox atmosphere during seeding and growth (rotation and pulling rate) and control of red-ox atmosphere during seeding and growth. Growth parameters have an influence on the morphology of crystal-melt interface, type and concentration of defects.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.105-118
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• 1985

한국산 돌나물과(Crassulaceae)에 속하는 7종을 보주 근교에서 채집하여 실험실의 자연조건에서 Hoagland 배양액으로 생장시쳤다. 정상으로 생장한 잎의 표피구조와 기공의 유형 및 그 분포를 조사한 결과, 표피세포는 다색형 또는 신장형이 었으며 이들의 세포벽은 비후되었고 파상형이거나 깊은 파상형이었다. 부세포벽은 얇고 대부분이 아치형이었으며 바위솔(Orostachys japonicus)의 엽표피에서는 종유체가 발견되었다. 기공의 분포는 7종 모두가 양면엽이었다. 바위솔과 돌나물(Sedum sarmentosum)에서는 엽의 전면에 그 분포가 많았으나 둥근바위솔(O. malacophyllus), 기린초(S. kamtschaticum), 큰기린초(S. aizoon var heterodontum), 꿩의비름(S. alboroseum) 및 말똥비름(S. bulbiferum)에서는 이면에 그 분포가 많았고 각 종에 따라 차이가 있었다. 기공의 크기는 큰기린초엽의 전면에서 47.5$\times$27.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$이고 이면에서 46.8$\times$26.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$로서 전면이 더욱 켰으며, 바위솔 엽의 전면에서 23.3$\times$15.0$\mu\textrm{m}$이고 이면에서 24.3$\times$16.0$\mu\textrm{m}$으로 이면이 더욱 컸다. 기공의 주발생 유형은 helico-eumesogenous 형이었고, 이는 공변모세포가 분열각을 기준으로 마지막으로 형성된 부세포의 장축에 대하여 평행으로 분열된 parahelico-eumesogenous형과 직각으로 분열된 diahelico-eumesogenous 형의 두 유형으로 세분될 수 있었다. 이들 유형의 부세포에서 제 2차 기공이 발생되어 복합 helico-eumesogenous 형이 형성되기도하고 helico-eumesogenous 형의 변이형이 발생되기도 하였다. 각종에서 발견되는 다른 발생유형은 7종중 4종에서 aniso-eumesogenous 형이, 3종에서 allelo-eumesogenous 형이 관찰되었고 tetra-eumesogenous형이 3종에서 드물게 발견되었다. 지금까지 보고되지 않은 기공발생유형의 5종류는 첫째 기공모세포의 나선 분열에 의한 8개의 중위형성 부세포가 두 공변세포를 이중으로 둘러싸고 있는 duplotetra-eumesogenous형, 둘째는 3개의 주변형성된 부세포를 가진 aniso-euperigenous형, 넷째는 helico-eumesogenous형으로 분열하는 도중 모세포가 tetra-eumesogenous형으로 분열하여 두 공변세포를 직접 둘러싸고 있는 4개의 부세포를 포함하여 5개 이상의 중위형성 부세포들의 나선을 가진 helico-tetra-eumesognous형이 돌나물에서, 넷째는 helico-eumesogenous 형으로 분열하는 도중 모세포가 allelo-eumesogenous 형으로 분열하여 나선상분열한 4개 이상의 중위형성 부세포들 내에 3개 이상의 중위형성한 C형 부세포가 점차 작은 크기로 대생한 coallelo-helico-eumesogenous형, 다섯째는 allelo-eumesogenous 형으로 분열하는 도중 모세포가 helico-eumesogenous형으로 분열하여 점차 작은 크기로 대생한 3개 이상의 C형 부세포들 내에 4개 이상의 나선상분열한 부세포들의 나선을 갖는 cohelico-allelo-eumesogenous 형이 말똥비름에서 처음으로 발견되었다.