• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2006

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cutting interval and cutting height on the yield and nutrient composition of hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus) when grown on a sandy soil in the Northeast of Thailand. The cutting intervals compared were 30, 40 and 50 days between harvests and the cutting heights 30, 40 and 50 cm above ground level. The experiment was a $3{\times}3$ factorial layout in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications-giving a total of 36 plots each $3{\times}3m^2$. Harvested plant material was weighed, dried and the ground subsamples taken for analyses of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ash, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). At the last harvest the hedge lucerne samples were separated to determine leaf to stem ratios and then analyzed for nutrient composition in the leaf and stem. Results showed that increasing the cutting interval (i.e. advancing age of maturity) increased dry matter and nutrient yields significantly. In terms of nutrient content, it also increased the crude fiber, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract percent in the plant. However, crude protein percent was markedly decreased as the cutting interval increased. Increasing cutting height had no effect on dry matter yield and yields of nutrients, but in terms of nutrient content, it increased crude protein and ash content, but decreased crude fiber content. The percent EE and NFE in the plant was unaffected by cutting height. From the results presented it is clear that cutting a stand of hedge lucerne every 40 to 50 days will achieve greater dry matter and nutrient yields than cutting more frequently, at 30 days. The cutting height at harvest, whether 30, 40 or 50 cm above ground level had no effect on dry matter or nutrient yields of hedge Lucerne. Hedge lucerne therefore offers the Thai poultry farmer a useful alternative protein supplement for poultry diets rather than relying on the more expensive soybean meal. As it can be readily and successfully grown on a range of soil types and climates throughout Thailand, hedge lucerne also offers the Thai farmer a valuable additional source of income.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

The effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (18:3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6), on brain phospholipid content and fatty acid composition were compared in rats fed with a diet containing constant ratios of saturated fatty acid/monounsaturated fatty acid/polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-3/n-6. The dietary fat in each diet was added at the level of 10%. In each diet, n-3 PUFA comprised two-thirds of the PUFA and the remaining one-third was linoleic acid (18:2). Dietary fat containing linoleic acid as the sole source of PUFA was also given to the control group. The content of brain phospholipid in the three n-3 PUFA groups was significantly lower than that of the linoleic acid group. This reduction was greater in the EPA and DHA groups than in the ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid group. The decrease in phospholipid content in rats fed n-3 fatty acid-rich diets was largely due to the decrease in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction. Each dietary n-3 PUFA was found to affect the fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids; the most pronounced alteration was observed in phosphatidylethanolamine fraction. Furthermore, the proportion of DHA in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction tended to be higher in the DHA group than in other PUFA groups. In conclusion, dietary ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, EPA and DHA can influence the phospholipid content, phospholipid subclass, and fatty acid composition in rat brain.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.630-634
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• 1999

Porous mullites were fabricated using $Al(OH)_3$ and amorphous $SiO_2$ as starting materials by reaction sintering method. The molar ratios of alumina and silica varied from stoichiometric mullite composition to silica-rich and alumina-rich compositions. $AlF_3$ of 0, 1, 5, 10 wt% wad added to each composition, and the effects of composition and the additive for the formation of mullite were examined. The temperature of mullite formation decreased as the amount of $AlF_3$ increased, and themullite phase was formed in the stoichiometric composition in addition of 5 wt% $AlF_3$ at $1250^{\circ}C$ and porous whiskered mullite were synthesized in the sample sintered at $1300^{\circ}C$ and higher temperature. The effect of temperature on the mullite formation was not observed for the sample with 5 wt% or higher content of $AlF_3$, and the body showed little contraction after sintering.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2024

To analyse and review the fishing performance and species composition according to the size of the entrance and mesh of the pot in the southern coastal waters (Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do and Yeosu, Jeollanam-do), the experiment in this study caught one class, eight orders, 17 families, 23 species, 662 fishes, and 99,833 g. The largest number of fish species was Conger myriaster (301 fishes caught) accounting for 45.5%, followed by Octopus vulgaris (152) accounting for 23.0%, Charybdis japonica (45) accounting for 6.8%, Sebastiscus marmoratus (43) accounting for 6.5%, and Parapercis sexfasciata (42) accounting for 6.3%. Conger myriaster, Octopus vulgaris, Charybdis japonica, Sebastiscus marmoratus, and Parapercis sexfasciata accounted for 88.1% of the total catch. For other fish species, 68 fishes of 18 species were caught, accounting for 12.5% of the total. As a result of the total catch survey, the catch rate of Conger myriaster was the highest at 50.9% in B. 22 mm/280 mm. In addition, the average total length per fish increased as the entrance size increased. The weight ratios of Conger myriaster, Octopus vulgaris, and other fish species based on the total weight caught in each pots of the six species of test fishing gear are as follows. A pots 66.6%, 26.5%, 6.9%, B pots 57.2%, 24.5 %, 18.3%, C pots 43.2%, 31.5%, 25.3%, D pots 7.4%, 56.7%, 35.9%, E pots 43.6%, 0%, 56.4%, and F pots 5.0%, 79.6%, 15.4%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2016

Hydrogen production via steam reforming of bio-oil from algal biomass over fast pyrolysis with commercial catalysts was carried out. Aqueous bio-oil obtained by phase separation from a crude oil over fast pyrolysis was used as a reactant and comparison studies for activity over different catalysts (FCR-4-02, POS-7, Cat. A, RUA), reaction temperature, and steam/carbon (S/C) ratios were performed. Experimental results showed that different catalytic activities were observed with different S/C ratios and catalyst composition and the highest hydrogen yield of 70% was obtained with a POS-7 catalyst at a S/C ratio of 10 and 1073 K.

• Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2012

Chemical compositions and lead isotope ratios for four glass bead samples of Seokga-tap were analyzed and the results were organized. Among 4 glass beads found in the Seokga-tap, 3 pieces were lead glass. Manufacturing method was to firstly grind pebbles finely and mix lead ore to be melt at $740{\sim}760^{\circ}C$. The mixed ratio of silica and lead was 3:7. Moreover, The evaluation on the lead isotope ratio indicated that two lead glass pieces used lead ore from northern Korea. One piece has the direction of southern Korea lead ore, but it requires a further review. One glass bead of Seokga-tap was brown and it was potash lead glass ($K_2O-PbO-SiO_2$) System. The mixed ratio was approximately 50:10:40 for silica, natural saltpeter, and lead, respectively. Lead isotope ratio data fell within the lead ore from northern China. Therefore, it was concluded that potash lead glass found in the Seokga-tap was produced in northern area of China at the end of $10^{th}$ century and transferred to the Seokga-tap.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2013

This study tested the development of bechamel sauce with different ratios of soy milk to milk(0:4, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, 4:0) to examine changes in quality characteristics. Proximate composition analysis showed a decrease in salinity with increasing amounts of soy milk, while the moisture content and, density increases. The highest pH values were found for a 1:1 ratio of soy milk to milk (S2) and the lowest pH values were found for a 0:4 ratio of soy milk to milk (CON). The L-value decreased, while a and b values increased with increasing amounts of soy milk. In the stability test, segregation occurred in CON after 5 days, while the highest segregation occurred at a 4:0 ratio of soy milk to milk (S4). The sensory evaluation results showed that the color, thickness, savory flavor, and savory taste increased with increasing amounts of soy milk. In the acceptance test, a 1:3 ratio of soy milk to milk (S1) and a 1:1 ratio of soy milk to milk (S2) had the highest acceptance scores (p<0.001) for appearance, taste, texture, and overall acceptance.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.592-599
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• 2010

A porous nickel-tin nano-dendritic electrode, for use as the anode in a rechargeable lithium battery, has been prepared by using an electrochemical deposition process. The adjustment of the complexing agent content in the deposition bath enabled the nickel-tin alloys to have specific stoichiometries while the amount of acid, as a dynamic template for micro-porous structure, was limited to a certain amount to prevent its undesirable side reaction with the complexing agent. The ratios of nickel to tin in the electro-deposits were nearly identical to the ratios of nickel ion to tin ion in the deposition bath; the particle changed from spherical to dendritic shape according to the tin content in the deposits. The nickel to tin ratio and the dendritic structure were quite uniform throughout the thickness of the deposits. The resulting nickel-tin alloy was reversibly lithiated and delithiated as an anode in rechargeable lithium battery. Furthermore, the resulting anode showed much more stable cycling performance up to 50 cycles, as compared to that resulting from dense electro-deposit with the same atomic composition and from tin electrodeposit with a similar porous structure. From the results, it is expected that highly-porous nickel-tin alloys presented in this work could provide a promising option for the high performance anode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.305-321
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• 2015

In this paper, a new hyperbolic shear deformation plate theory based on neutral surface position is developed for the static analysis of functionally graded plates (FGPs). The theory accounts for hyperbolic distribution of the transverse shear strains and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the beam without using shear correction factors. The neutral surface position for a functionally graded plate which its material properties vary in the thickness direction is determined. The mechanical properties of the plate are assumed to vary continuously in the thickness direction by a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. Based on the present new hyperbolic shear deformation plate theory and the neutral surface concept, the governing equations of equilibrium are derived from the principle of virtual displacements. Numerical illustrations concern flexural behavior of FG plates with Metal-Ceramic composition. Parametric studies are performed for varying ceramic volume fraction, volume fraction profiles, aspect ratios and length to thickness ratios. The accuracy of the present solutions is verified by comparing the obtained results with the existing solutions.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.16 s.16
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• pp.15-20
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• 2004

Two pieces of choson-Tongue(朝鮮通寶) minted at 1423 A.D. were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis. The measurement of lead isotope ratios was also carried out in order to predict the provenance of raw materials used for minting. The Chosen-Tongue was minted as bronze having the chemical compositions of $Cu\;90\%,\;Pb\;3\~4\%,\;Sn\;2\~3\%$, which were different from the typical composition of Chinese and Japanese coins. The results of lead isotope ratios showed that the provenance of raw materials used for minting had a possibility to be originated from South China. And application of statistical linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) to the provenance of lead used for minting of Chosen-Tongue was confirmed.