• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1548-1562
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• 2003

This paper is the first of several companion papers which compare the methods of Air-fuel ratio determination. There are many methods which calculate Air-Fuel ratio from exhaust emission. Most of them are based on the simple chemical equations, which use balance of atom, and the error of the calculation is negligible as far as the instrumentation accuracy is guaranteed. They assume homogeneous mixture and complete combustion to the extent of oxygen availability. Because of these simple assumptions, they cannot offer the information about the fuel distribution state and the malfunction of instrument. For these limitations, Eltinge offered new one based on stricter mathematical model. This result coincides with the others very well and gives more information about the mixture state and instrumentation. Consequently this might be a general solution for Air-fuel ratio determination and exhaust composition. The objects of the calculation, however, were not commercial fuels except gasoline and the compensation method of unburned hydrocarbon was not appropriate to recent analyzer. Moreover he did not consider the fuel which contains oxygen, such as methanol, ethanol and blend of gasoline-alcohol. In this paper, Eltinge chart is expanded to the arbitrary fuel composition as the reference exhaust compositions for the purpose of further discussions about Air-fuel ratio determination methods and the charts fur gasoline, diesel, methanol, M85, liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), natural gas(NG), propane, butane are illustrated.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1989

The hardenability of steel is related to its chemical composition. About this relationship, multiple regression analysis of hardenability data was proposed to explain the effect of chemical composition on a hardenability of steel. To establish the formula for calculation hardenability, given hardenability curve(U.S.S. Atlas) were quantitatively analyzed by multiple regression analysis program of computer. The established hardenability model was applied to predict the hardenability of commercial steel fair well. The effect of chemical composition was also expressed quantitatively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2021

In this work, self-absorption correction factor related to the variation of the composition and the density of soil samples were evaluated using the p-type HPGe detector. The validated MCNP5 simulation model of this detector was used to evaluate its Full Energy Peak Efficiency (FEPE) under the variation of the composition and the density of the analysed samples. The results indicates that FEPE calculation of low gamma ray is affected by the composition and the density of soil samples. The self-absorption correction factors for different gamma-ray energies which was fitted as a function of FEPEs via density and energy and fitting parameters as polynomial function for the logarithm neper of gamma ray energy help to calculate quickly the detection efficiency of detector. Factor Analysis for the influence of the element composition in analysed samples on the FEPE indicates the FEPE distribution changes from non-metal to metal groups when the gamma ray energy increases from 92 keV to 238 keV. At energies above 238 keV, the FEPE primarily depends only on the metal elements and is significantly affected by aluminium and silicon composition in soil samples.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.169-189
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• 2010

Composition depending on the development of industrial sites are located just within the existing facilities are hoping to become a retention, in accordance with the law will impose a liability amount. Then calculating the profit and loss analysis of the retention is required. In other words, the composition of the industrial site will be retained for existing facilities and the amount of the profit is necessary to analyze. In this study, the calculation of expenses and the income of retained existing facilities will be presented with analytical methods. Especially the existing cases of dispute with the results of the adjustment and the calculation of contributions for a range of benefits associated with the analysis according to 'The Industrial Sites and Development Act', the following conclusions were drawn. According to 'The Industrial Sites and Development Act', the facility at the industrial site composition within the limits of increasing the convenience of being charged is reasonable. In particular, the industrial site of buildings located within existing facilities depending on the composition and future industrial sites are public facilities available for the facility to consider the possibility of calculating contributions to be reasonable. Additional benefits which can be the land prices, tax exemptions, and increasing efficiency of land use for the benefits are not yet realized the benefits against the expenses side, as well as imposing double taxation. Therefore, the heavy emphasis on convenience is not considered to be reasonable. Including in the industrial site, the cost of damages caused, that is, noise, pollution, and the defective product possibility should be considered a side opinion, but it still does not promote the development of states estimated the cost of the damage is not right to be counted. Therefore, this facility should not be included in calculating contributions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.891-910
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• 2021

Previous QoS-aware service composition methods mainly focus on how to generate composite service with the optimal QoS efficiently for a single request. However, in the real application scenarios, there are multiple service requests and multiple service providers. It is more important to compose services with suboptimal QoS and maintain the load balance between services. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a service composition method, named as dynamically change and balancing composition method (DCBC). It assumes that the QoS of service is not static, and the services can adjust the value of QoS to gain more opportunities to be selected for composition. The method mainly includes two steps, which are the preprocessing step and the service selection step. In the preprocessing step, a backward global best QoS calculation is performed which regarding the static and dynamic QoS respectively; then guided by the global QoS, the feasible services can be selected efficiently in the service selection step. The experiments show that the DCBC method can not only improve the overall quality of composite services but also guarantee the fulfill ratio of requests and the load balance of services.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1791-1796
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• 2005

Semi-shield tunneling is one of the propulsion construction methods used to lay pipes underground between two pits named 'entrance' and 'destination', respectively. Usually a simple composition, such as 'a fiducial target at the entrance+a total station (TS)+a target on the machine', is used to confirm the planned course. However, unavoidable curved sections are present in small-sized pipe lines, which are laid after implementation of a road system, for public works such as waterworks, sewer, electrical power, and gas and communication networks. Therefore, if the planned course has a curved section, it is difficult to survey the course with the abovementioned simple composition. This difficulty could be solved by using the multiple total stations (MTS), which attaches the cross type linear LED target to oneself. The MTS are disposed to where each TS can detect the LED target at the other TS or the base point or the machine. And the accurate relative positions between each MTS and target are calculated from measured data. This research proposes the relative and absolute coordinate calculation algorithm by using three MTS to measure a curved course with 20m curvature at 30m maximum distance, and verifies the algorithm experimentally.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.493-498
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• 2011

Optimal atomic configurations in a nanoparticle were predicted by genetic algorithm. A truncated octahedron with a fixed composition of 1 : 1 was investigated as a model system. A Python code for genetic algorithm linked with a molecular dynamics method was developed. Various operators were implemented to accelerate the optimization of atomic configuration for a given composition and a given morphology of a nanoparticle. The combination of random mix as a crossover operator and total_inversion as a mutation operator showed the most stable structure within the shortest calculation time. Pt-Ag core-shell structure was predicted as the most stable structure for a nanoparticle of approximately 4 nm in diameter. The calculation results in this study led to successful prediction of the atomic configuration of nanoparticle, the size of which is comparable to that of practical nanoparticls for the application to the nanocatalyst.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2013

The relationship between composition and properties of enamel glass was investigated by introducing a mixture design. The enamel glass was manufactured by mixing various components under the following constraints: $45{\leq}SiO_2{\leq}55$, $10{\leq}B_2O_3{\leq}18$, $6{\leq}Na_2O{\leq}15$, $1{\leq}Li_2O{\leq}6$, $5{\leq}K_2O{\leq}10$, $0{\leq}TiO_2{\leq}8$, $0{\leq}ZrO_2{\leq}8$, 13.3MO (mol %). A mathematical model for the calculation of some properties of enamel glasses as a function of their composition was developed by the experimental statistical method. The results showed that the proposed model with the experimental measurement were in good agreement and the mixture experimental design was an effective method for optimizing the composition of the enamel glass with respect to its properties.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2012

Spatial configuration of the building quality relationships and reasonable distribution of space by utilizing the Net and Gross area. Therefore this study prerequisite for to investigate of Net and Gross area calculation in general hospital. For this study method as follow. First, a case study internal and external of net and gross area composition. Further more study on the other architect type. Second, a case study measuring area method for general hospital in internal and external. Finally, base on the analysis results of the drawn a net and gross area composition in general hospital.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2003

Terminal cancer patients in Korea have increased due to the development of medical technology and the structural change of diseases resulted from life quality improvement. Following this trend, many hospitals are making efforts, such as renovating hospice wards, but architectural criteria are not sufficiently suggested for specialized hospice wards. The purpose of this study is to present the research data to improve the quality of hospice ward in general hospital. Data collecting skills such as drawing documents analysis, interviews, observation were used to examine the condition of hospice ward. And, case study method was used to generate the design data which can be used for the appropriate spatial composition and the area calculation.