• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.922-927
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• 2006

There is a concern with worldwide deterioration of highway bridges, particularly reinforced concrete. The advantages of fibre reinforced plastic(FRP) composites over conventional materials motivate their use in highway bridges for replacement of structures. Recently, an FRP deck has been installed on a state highway, located in New York State, as an experimental project. In this paper, a systematic approach for analysis of this FRP deck bridge is presented. Multi-step linear numerical analyses have been performed using the finite element method to study the structural behavior and the possible failure mechanism of the FRP deck-superstructure system Deck's self-weight and ply orientations at the interface between steel girders and FRP deck are considered in this study. From this research, the results of the numerical analyses were corroborated with field test results. Analytical results reveal several potential failure mechanism for the FRP deck and truss bridge system The results presented in this study may be used to propose engineering design guideline for new and replacement FRP bridge deck structure.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

This paper summarizes the results of the fatigue test of four composite bridge decks in extreme temperatures (-30$^{\circ}C$ and 50$^{\circ}C$ ). The work was performed as part of a research program to evaluate and install multiple FRP bridge deck systems in Dayton, Ohio. A two-span continuous concrete deck was also built on three steel girders for the benchmark tests. Simulated wheel loads were applied simultaneously at two points by two servo-controlled hydraulic actuators specially designed and fabricated to perform under extreme temperatures. Each deck was initially subjected to one million wheel load cycles at low temperature and another one million cycles at high temperature. The results presented in this paper correspond to the fatigue response of each deck for four million load cycles at low temperature and another four million cycles at high temperature. Thus, the deck was subjected to a total of ten million cycles. Quasi-static load-deflection and load-strain responses were determined at predetermined fatigue cycle levels. Except for the progressive reduction in stiffness, no significant distress was observed in any of the composite deck prototypes during ten million load cycles. The effects of extreme temperatures and accumulated load cycles on the load-deflection and load-strain response of FRP composite and FRP-concrete hybrid bridge decks are discussed based on the experimental results.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.928-931
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• 2006

Due to their light weight, high stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios, and potentially high resistance to environmental degradation, resulting in lower life-cycle costs, polymer composites, are increasingly being considered for use in civil infrastructure applications. Recently, an FRP deck has been installed on a state highway, located in New York State. In this study, a thermal stress analysis was conducted using finite element method to study failure mechanisms of the superstructure. This analysis evaluated small and large temperature gradient effects on the FRP deck considering lightweight of FRP deck and ply orientations at the interface between steel girders and FRP deck Finite element model was verified using the load tests of the bridge deck. Finally, the analytical results shows the possible failure mechanism of FRP deck under various temperature changes and its corresponding index is suddenly varied depending on the rapid change of temperature on the deck plate.

• Composites Research
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2011

교량 바닥판에서 고성능 재료의 적용은 고가임에도 불구하고 바닥판 중량 감소와 경제성 향상을 위한 대안으로 대표될 수 있다. 초고성능콘크리트 재료를 활용한 교량에서 기존의 헤드형 스터드가 바닥판과 강재 거더사이의 전단력을 충분히 전달할 수 있는지 그 적용성을 검증할 필요가 있다. 이 논문에서는 UHPC 교량 바닥판과 강재 거더의 합성거동을 분석하기 위해 2면 전단실험을 수행하였다. 정적 재하 실험 결과 헤드형 스터드의 실험체별 극한강도는 직경에 비례였으며, 일반 콘크리트, 교량 바닥판에 비해 전단강도가 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.135-142
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• 2004

The apparent advantages of FRP (fiber reinforced plastics) composites over the conventional structural materials may be attributed to their high specific strength and stiffness. Other affordable properties of FRPs including an excellent durability make them particularly attractive for the structures in severe service conditions. Therefore, the material and sectional properties of a FRP structural component should be designed to meet its specific requirements and service conditions. This paper is performed the material property optimization under optimum design of pultruded FRP bridge deck section. In the problem formulation, an objective function is selected to minimize the maximum R(strength ratio). The thickness of layers, volumes of fibers and matrix fiber orientation, and stacking sequence of FRPs are used as the design variables. Strength ratio in the design code, material failure criteria and pultruded manufacture thickness are selected as the design constraints to enhance the material performance of FRP decks. From the results of the numerical investigation, we obtained the optimum deck section profile for conventional using object.

• Composites Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 이음부가 초고성능콘크리트 교량 바닥판의 정적 거동에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 규명하고, 이음부 철근의 최소겹침이음길이를 제안하였다. 총 6개의 실험부재를 제작하였으며 4점 휨 실험에 의하여 성능을 평가하였다. 이음부는 UHPC의 높은 부착특성으로 인하여 단순하면서도 매우 효율적인 구조가 될 것으로 기대되는 철근겹침이음을 대상으로 하였다. 실험결과로부터 이음부의 설치에 의한 UHPC의 인장기여도 감소에 따라 약 30% 수준의 휨강도 감소가 발생되는 것으로 측정되었고, 150 mm 이상의 철근겹침이음길이를 확보하면 연속된 철근을 사용한 경우와 거의 유사한 강도와 연성을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2007

본 연구는 복합재료 교량시스템의 규준 정립을 위한 연구로서 실제 설계 시공되어진 복합재료 교량의 정밀해석수행과 이를 통한 복합재료 교량의 파괴거동 및 설계기준 등을 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 효율적인 연구를 위하여 실제 미국 NEW YORK주 내에 설계 시공되어있는 Noncomposite-FRP 복합재료 교량을 대상으로 해석적 연구를 수행하였으며 본 연구에서 사용된 해석적 모델을 토대로 실제 미국에서 기 수행되어진 교량 거동에 관한 해석 및 실험하중 평가와 그 결과를 비교하였다. 특히 국내 복합재료 교량의 해석적 설계기준 평가를 위하여 보다 실질적이고 정확한 파괴모드의 조사 및 분석이 요구되어지므로 본 연구에서는 이를 위하여 기존의 해석적 연구에서 가벼운 중량으로 인하여 무시되었던 자중의 영향과 각 적층 layer에 설계된 ply orientation을 고려하여 해석하였다. 그 결과 자중을 고려한 복합재료 패널들의 경우, 제작 결함에 따른 이음부 파괴가 없을 경우 교량 상부 구조 중 횡축 보에서의 국부 좌굴 파괴가 교량의 파괴를 지배할 것으로 본 연구결과에서 예측되었다. 이는 복합재료 교량 제작 시 복합재료 상판 패널과 보의 이음부가 Noncomposite로 제작되는 경우 실제 제작되어진 복합재료 상판의 고 강성에 의하여 재하 하중에 의한 하부 강재 거더 좌굴이 선행되는 것으로 판단된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Theories for composite material structures are too difficult for such design engineers for construction and some simple but accurate enough methods are necessary. The author has reported that some laminate orientations have decreasing values of $D_{16}$, $B_{16}$, $D_{26}$ and $B_{26}$ stiffnesses as the ply number increases. For such plates, the fiber orientations given above behave as specially orthotropic plates and simple formulas developed by the author. Most of the bridge deck structures on girders have large aspect ratios. For such cases further simplification is possible by neglecting the effect of the longitudinal moment terms $M_x$ on the relevant partial differential equations of equilibrium. In this paper, the result of the study on the subject problem is presented.

• Composites Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 초고성능콘크리트 교량 바닥판과 콘크리트 거더 사이의 연결부의 전단에 대하여 도로교설계기준과 AASHTO LRFD 교량설계기준에서 요구되는 규정을 평가하였다. 2면 전단실험을 통해 연결부 접촉면에서의 합성 거동을 분석하였고, 실험결과와 현행 기준에 의해 계산된 수평전단강도를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 실험결과에 의한 수평전단강도가 현행 기준식에 의한 값보다 더 보수적인 예측치를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Composites Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2006

In this paper, a long gauge Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor system is described and long gauge FBGs are well-suited for measuring the upper parts of the bridge piers under the extremely severe movement conditions. In the experiments, we used more than 30m long FBG sensors to measure the movement of top part of the bridge piers which are separated from the main bridge by cutting the decks. With the actuator, the deck and girders were pushed and released. We checked the movement of the top of the pier while releasing the pressure of the actuator with the long gauge fiber sensor. In order to measure the movement of the upper part of the pier, the reference point must be outside of the pier. Using the optical fiber sensors, one end of the sensor is attached to the top of the pier and the other end is attached to the bottom of the next pier. The fiber sensors showed good response to the release loading and we could calculate the movement of the top part of the pear.