• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

이 연구에서는 적층시험체 제작 방식에 따른 시멘트계 복합재료의 적층성능과 강도특성을 분석하였다. 레이어 높이에 따른 적층성능평가결과, 직선부과 곡선부에서 레이어 높이가 10 mm일 때 가장 높은 치수 안정성을 나타내었다. 몰드 타설 시험체와 Printing-Z 시험체의 재령 28일 압축강도는 동일한 압축강도 성능을 나타내었다. 반면, Printing-X 시험체의 재령 28일 압축강도는 71.72 MPa로 가장 낮았으며, 몰 드 제작 시험체와 Printing-Z시험체 대비 평균 8%가 낮은 압축강도를 나타내었다. 적층시험체의 쪼갬인장강도는 몰드 제작 시험체와 유사한 성능을 나타낼 수 있으나, 하중 가력방향에 대한 레이어의 방향과 시험체 내 레이어의 개수에 따라 10% 이상의 강도성능 저하현상이 나타날 수 있다. X-ray CT 분석을 통한 적층시험체의 계면 분석결과, 레이어의 계면을 따라 일정한 크기의 공극이 분포함을 확인하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 분리막 생물반응기(membrane bioreactor, MBR)에서 발생되는 생물막오염 완화에 탁월한 효과를 가진 분리막을 개발할 목적으로, 친수성 산소 기능기가 많은 탄소나노구체(carbon nanosphere, CNS)를 합성한 뒤, 이를 첨가제로 활용하여 친수성과 다공성 기공 구조를 갖는 고성능 한외여과막을 제조하였다. CNS는 막 표면에 초승달 모양의 기공을 형성하였고, CNS 함량을 4.6 wt%까지 증가시킴에 따라 최대기공 크기보다 큰 결함을 야기하지 않으면서 평균 표면 기공 크기를 약 40% 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, CNS 복합막의 다공성 기공 구조는 CNS의 등방성 형태와 상대적으로 낮은 입자 수밀도 덕분에 CNS 첨가에 따른 고분자 용액의 점도 급등이 방지됐기 때문이라고 판단된다. 그러나 너무 다공성이 커지게 되면 기계적 물성이 저하되므로, 기공구조와 기계적 성질을 포함한 종합적인 고려를 했을 때 CNS2.3이 가장 우수하다고 관측되었다. CNS2.3은 CNS0에 비해 수투과도가 2배 이상 높을 뿐만 아니라, MBR 공정에서 분리막 세정이 요구될 때까지의 운전 시간도 5배 이상 연장시킨 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.245-256
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• 1978

수도(水稻)에 대한 용성인비(熔成燐肥)의 입도별(粒度別) 효과를 밝히고저 분말도(粉末度)의 함량비율을 달리한 제품을 시용(施用)하여 토양(土壤) 및 식물체(植物體)중의 인산함량(燐酸含量)의 변화와 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 대한 영향을 포장시험(圃場試驗)과 폿트시험을 통하여 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 제품(製品) 및 분말도(粉末度)의 함량비율(含量比率)과 정조수량(正租收量)과의 관계(關係)에서 대립(大粒)의 분포(分布)가 많은 제품(製品)(16~28mesh)의 수량(收量)이 가장낮고 미분말(薇粉末)의 분포(分布)가 큰(100mesh 이하(以下)) 시판용성인비(市販熔成燐肥)보다는 중립(中粒)의 분포(分布)(28~48mesh)가 많은 제품(製品)의 수량(收量)이 가장 높았으나 유의성(有意性)이 있는 차이(差異)는 나타나지 않았다. 입도분포율(粒度分布率)에 따른 정조(正租)와의 관계(關係)는 28~48mesh의 분포(分布)가 56%, 48~65mesh사이의 분포(分布)가 44%인 제품(製品)이 수도(水稻)에서 인산흡수(燐酸吸收) 및 수량(收量)에 가장 이상적(理想的)인 비율(比率)로 추정(推定)된다. 2. 생육조사(生育調査)의 결과 전북통(全北統) 토양(土壤)은 단일제품에서는 분말도(粉末度)가 미세한 처리구에서 초기생육이 떨어진 경향으로서 분얼수가 적고 초장이 짧았으나 수확기에는 주당경수(株當莖數)가 오히려 증가된 경향이고 초장도 길었다. 복합제품의 경우에는 28~48mesh 입자(粒子)의 함량이 많은 제품의 처리구에서 생육(生育)이 좋았다. 예산통(禮山統) 토양(土壤)에서는 인산시용효과(燐酸施用效果)가 현저(顯著)하여 무인산구(無燐酸區)에서는 인산결핍현상(燐酸缺乏現象)이 전생육기간(全生育期間)동안 지속(持續)되었으며 대중소립간(大中小粒間) 생육차이(生育差異)는 초기(初期)에는 대립품(大粒品)의 생육(生育)이 양호(良好)하였고 후기(後期)에는 미립품(微粒品)의 생육(生育)이 회복되었으며 복합제품에는 48mesh보다 미세한 입자(粒子)의 함량이 많을수록 분얼경수가 적은 경향을 나타냈다. 3. 토양(土壤)중 유효인산(有效燐酸)의 함량은 단일제품 및 복합제품 모두 분말도(粉末度)가 미세할수록 많아지는 경향이였고 수도(水稻)의 생육기별(生育期別)로 식물체(植物體)의 인산흡수량(燐酸吸收量)이 증가됨에 따라 토양(土壤)중 인산(燐酸)의 함량이 감소(減少)되어 갔는데 분말도(粉末度)가 미세할수록 그 감소량(減少量)이 컸으며 토양(土壤)중에 인산함량(燐酸含量)이 많았던 숙답(熟畓)인 전북통(全北統) 토양(土壤)보다 예산통(禮山統) 토양(土壤)에서 무처리구에 비하여 처리구가 인산흡수량(燐酸吸收量)의 증가(增加)가 컸다. 4. 식물체(植物體)중 인산(燐酸)의 흡수량은 단일제품에서는 모두 분말도(粉末度)가 미세할수록 많아지는 경향이였으며 출수기에 그 차이가 컸으나 수확기에는 각 처리구 모두 비슷한 함량을 나타냈는데 복합제품에서는 전북통(全北統) 토양(土壤)의 포장시험(圃場試驗)에서 28~48mesh 입자(粒子)의 함량비율이 많은 제품의 처리구가 인산흡수량(燐酸吸收量)이 많았으며 폿트시험에서는 48mesh보다 큰 입자(粒子)의 함량비율이 53.4%, 48mesh보다 작은 입자의 함량비율이 46.6%에서 식물체(植物體)중의 인산(燐酸)의 흡수량이 가장 많았고, 예산통(禮山統) 토양(土壤)의 폿트시험에서는 48mesh보다 큰 입자(粒子)의 함량 비율이 47.8% 그리고 48mesh보다 작은 입자(粒子)의 함량비율이 50.2%에서 식물체(植物體)중의 인산(燐酸)의 흡수량이 가장 많았다. 5. 식물체(植物體)중의 인산(燐酸)과 규산흡수량(珪酸吸收量)의 비교(比較)에서 전북통(全北統) 및 예산통(禮山統) 토양(土壤)의 폿트시험 모두 제품의 분말도(粉末度)가 미세할수록 인산(燐酸)의 흡수량이 증가되는 반면에 규산(珪酸)의 흡수량은 감소(減少)되는 경향이었다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.559-575
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• 2014

Individual investors are increasingly flocking to message boards to seek, clarify, and exchange information. Businesses like Seekingalpha.com and business magazines like Fortune are evaluating, synthesizing, and reporting the comments made on message boards or blogs. In March of 2012, Yahoo! Finance Message Boards recorded 45 million unique visitors per month followed by AOL Money and Finance (19.8 million), and Google Finance (1.6 million) [McIntyre, 2012]. Previous studies in the finance literature suggest that online communities often provide more accurate information than analyst forecasts [Bagnoli et al., 1999; Clarkson et al., 2006]. Some studies empirically show that the volume of posts in online communities have a positive relationship with market activities (e.g., trading volumes) [Antweiler and Frank, 2004; Bagnoli et al., 1999; Das and Chen, 2007; Tumarkin and Whitelaw, 2001]. The findings indicate that information in online communities does impact investors' investment decisions and trading behaviors. However, research explicating the correlation between information on online communities and stock market activities (e.g., trading volume) is still evolving. Thus, it is important to ask whether a volume of posts on online communities influences trading volumes and whether trading volumes also influence these communities. Online stock message boards offer two different types of information, which can be explained using an economic and a psychological perspective. From a purely economic perspective, one would expect that stock message boards would have a beneficial effect, since they provide timely information at a much lower cost [Bagnoli et al., 1999; Clarkson et al., 2006; Birchler and Butler, 2007]. This indicates that information in stock message boards may provide valuable information investors can use to predict stock market activities and thus may use to make better investment decisions. On the other hand, psychological studies have shown that stock message boards may not necessarily make investors more informed. The related literature argues that confirmation bias causes investors to seek other investors with the same opinions on these stock message boards [Chen and Gu, 2009; Park et al., 2013]. For example, investors may want to share their painful investment experiences with others on stock message boards and are relieved to find they are not alone. In this case, the information on these stock message boards mainly reflects past experience or past information and not valuable and predictable information for market activities. This study thus investigates the two roles of stock message boards-providing valuable information to make future investment decisions or sharing past experiences that reflect mainly investors' painful or boastful stories. If stock message boards do provide valuable information for stock investment decisions, then investors will use this information and thereby influence stock market activities (e.g., trading volume). On the contrary, if investors made investment decisions and visit stock message boards later, they will mainly share their past experiences with others. In this case, past activities in the stock market will influence the stock message boards. These arguments indicate that there is a correlation between information posted on stock message boards and stock market activities. The previous literature has examined the impact of stock sentiments or the number of posts on stock market activities (e.g., trading volume, volatility, stock prices). However, the studies related to stock sentiments found it difficult to obtain significant results. It is not easy to identify useful information among the millions of posts, many of which can be just noise. As a result, the overall sentiments of stock message boards often carry little information for future stock movements [Das and Chen, 2001; Antweiler and Frank, 2004]. This study notes that as a dependent variable, trading volume is more reliable for capturing the effect of stock message board activities. The finance literature argues that trading volume is an indicator of stock price movements [Das et al., 2005; Das and Chen, 2007]. In this regard, this study investigates the correlation between a number of posts (information on stock message boards) and trading volume (stock market activity). We collected about 100,000 messages of 40 companies at KOSPI (Korea Composite Stock Price Index) from Paxnet, the most popular Korean online stock message board. The messages we collected were divided into in-trading and after-trading hours to examine the correlation between the numbers of posts and trading volumes in detail. Also we collected the volume of the stock of the 40 companies. The vector regression analysis and the granger causality test, 3SLS analysis were performed on our panel data sets. We found that the number of posts on online stock message boards is positively related to prior stock trade volume. Also, we found that the impact of the number of posts on stock trading volumes is not statistically significant. Also, we empirically showed the correlation between stock trading volumes and the number of posts on stock message boards. The results of this study contribute to the IS and finance literature in that we identified online stock message board's two roles. Also, this study suggests that stock trading managers should carefully monitor information on stock message boards to understand stock market activities in advance.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2009

지형 굴곡이 심한 하와이 화산섬의 경우, 측후소 분포가 매우 제한적이어서 공식적인 기온 분포도가 작성되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 기온 지도화의 문제점을 해결하는 방법으로 위성기반의 지표온도 자료로부터 기온추정치를 추출하여 내삽법에 필요한 입력자료로 사용하였다. 추출된 온도값을 표본값으로하여 거리 역비례 가중치법(IDW)과 공동크리깅 (cokriging)을 적용하여 기온추정치를 지도화하였다. 기온과 고도값을 함께 이용한 cokriging이 IDW에 비해 크게 향상된 추정 오차값을 나타내었다. Cokriging은 주 변수와 고도와 같은 추가 변수 간의 상관관계가 유의하게 나타날 때 효과적으로 사용되는 내삽법이지만, 내삽 정확도는 계절적인 기상조건에 민감하게 영향받는 것으로 조사되었다. 강수량이 크게 증가하는 우기에는 건기에 비해 공간적인 기온변화가 크며, 이에 따라 기온 추정 오차값도 우기에 높게 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.187-212
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• 2015

In this paper, various four variable refined plate theories are presented to analyze vibration of temperature-dependent functionally graded (FG) plates. By dividing the transverse displacement into bending and shear parts, the number of unknowns and governing equations for the present model is reduced, significantly facilitating engineering analysis. These theories account for parabolic, sinusoidal, hyperbolic, and exponential distributions of the transverse shear strains and satisfy the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. Power law material properties and linear steady-state thermal loads are assumed to be graded along the thickness. Uniform, linear, nonlinear and sinusoidal thermal conditions are imposed at the upper and lower surface for simply supported FG plates. Equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions for the free vibration analysis are obtained based on Fourier series that satisfy the boundary conditions (Navier's method). Non-dimensional results are compared for temperature-dependent and temperature-independent FG plates and validated with known results in the literature. Numerical investigation is conducted to show the effect of material composition, plate geometry, and temperature fields on the vibration characteristics. It can be concluded that the present theories are not only accurate but also simple in predicting the free vibration responses of temperature-dependent FG plates.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to find out drug use pattern of narcotic analgesics in university hospitals in Korea. A university hospital located in Kyungbuk province was chosen for this study. The drug use pattern was analyzed in terms of ingredient, administration route, patient type, and attending department. Amount of drug usage was counted by unit dose defined by the number of ampule or vial for injectable, tablet or capsule for oral, and each for patch preparations. Result showed that 11 narcotic analgesic ingredients were used during 2007-2009, and the drug usage was increased by about 20% annually during the period. Proportion of oral preparations used for pain management was about two third of all narcotic analgesics usage and kept increasing during the period. Proportion of the drug usage for outpatients was also steadily increased. Notably, the usage of oral preparations of oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone was rapidly increased for the management of cancer pain while the usage of codeine and codeine-containing composite preparations for cancer pain were minimal (<10%). About 90% of all narcotic analgesics were used by physicians in Internal Department, especially in Oncology Division of the Department. These findings suggest that pain management is becoming more aggressive and in agreement with WHO's guidelines regarding selection of administration route. However, in terms of 3-step ladder for cancer pain management, the drug use pattern was not congruent to WHO's guidelines. Therefore, in conclusion, it appears that physicians need to try to be congruent to the guidelines when using narcotic analgesics for cancer pain.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2014

최근 빈번하게 발생하는 대규모의 지진으로 구조물의 내진보강에 관심이 높아지고 있다. 내진설계가 반영되지 않은 기둥의 취성파괴는 구조물 전체 붕괴를 유발하기 때문에 내진보강이 필수적이다. 기존에는 단면증설법, 강판보강법, 섬유보강법이 내진보강법으로 주로 이용되었다. 하지만 이 보강법들은 구조물의 물리적 손상과 넓은 작업공간, 오랜 시간이 소요되는 단점이 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 기존에 개발된 FRP 보강재의 보강 성능을 평가하였다. 대상 시험체는 학교건물을 실험실 여건에 맞춰 80% 축소하여 제작하였다. 보강재의 재료를 유리섬유와 알루미늄 다공판을 사용하여 보강재를 제작하였다. 평가 결과 두 종류의 보강재를 사용한 모두에서 시험체의 내진성능이 증가하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2017

In this study, the influences of triaxial magnetic field on the wave propagation behavior of anisotropic nanoplates are studied. In order to include small scale effects, nonlocal strain gradient theory has been implemented. To study the nanoplate as a continuum model, the three-dimensional elasticity theory is adopted in Cartesian coordinate. In our study, all the elastic constants are considered and assumed to be the functions of (x, y, z), so all kind of anisotropic structures such as hexagonal and trigonal materials can be modeled, too. Moreover, all types of functionally graded structures can be investigated. eigenvalue method is employed and analytical solutions for the wave propagation are obtained. To justify our methodology, our results for the wave propagation of isotropic nanoplates are compared with the results available in the literature and great agreement is achieved. Five different types of anisotropic structures are investigated in present paper and then the influences of wave number, material properties, nonlocal and gradient parameter and uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial magnetic field on the wave propagation analysis of anisotropic nanoplates are presented. From the best knowledge of authors, it is the first time that three-dimensional elasticity theory and nonlocal strain gradient theory are used together with no approximation to derive the governing equations. Moreover, up to now, the effects of triaxial magnetic field have not been studied with considering size effects in nanoplates. According to the lack of any common approximations in the displacement field or in elastic constant, present theory has the potential to be used as a bench mark for future works.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1063-1081
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• 2015

In this paper, a new nonlocal hyperbolic refined plate model is presented for free vibration properties of functionally graded (FG) plates. This nonlocal nano-plate model incorporates the length scale parameter which can capture the small scale effect. The displacement field of the present theory is chosen based on a hyperbolic variation in the in-plane displacements through the thickness of the nano-plate. By dividing the transverse displacement into the bending and shear parts, the number of unknowns and equations of motion of the present theory is reduced, significantly facilitating structural analysis. The material properties are assumed to vary only in the thickness direction and the effective properties for the FG nano-plate are computed using Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme. The governing equations of motion are derived based on the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen in conjunction with the refined four variable plate theory via Hamilton's principle. Analytical solution for the simply supported FG nano-plates is obtained to verify the theory by comparing its results with other available solutions in the open literature. The effects of nonlocal parameter, the plate thickness, the plate aspect ratio, and various material compositions on the dynamic response of the FG nano-plate are discussed.