• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.395-412
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• 2012

The present work addresses the rotational capacity of steel-concrete composite beams, which is a key issue for the seismic design of composite frames. Several experimental tests from the literature are summarised, and the effects of various parameters on the available plastic rotation are discussed. Furthermore, a number of remarks are made regarding the need for supplementary experimental results. The authors carried out experimental tests on four composite beams in which the type, width and connection degree of the slab were varied. During the tests, the deflection and strains in the steel profiles and bars were measured and recorded, wherein the observed trends in the measured parameters indicated that the failure mode of the beam was influenced by global and local buckling. A comparison of the experimental results to the theoretical ultimate strengths and moment-curvature relationships confirms that buckling phenomena occurred after section yielding, even if a consistent plastic rotation developed. This rotational capacity is well evaluated by a formulation that is available in the literature.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1391-1407
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 Kam과 Chang의 연구와 같이 판의 최소 처짐, 판의 최대 모달 에너지 감쇠비 및 최대 고유 진동수를 설계제한 조건으로 택하고 Watkins와 Morris가 사용한 순환 선형 계획법을 이용하여 혼합 적층 복합 재료판의 최적설계를 수행하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.572-578
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• 1985

본 논문에서는 인벌류우트와 원고치형의 단점을 보완하고 양자의 장점을 취한 치형을 얻기위하여 피치점 부근에서는 인벌류우트치형으로 이끝부분에서는 원호로 하 고 이뿌리부분에서는 상대방 기어의 원호부분과 맞물릴 수 있는 곡선으로 하는 치형을 합성하고, 이 합성치형의 유효치형을 가공할 수 있는 랙치형을 이론적인 방법으로 구 하였다. 그리고, 이 합성치형의 유효치형에 대한 이끝과 이뿌리 두께의 변화와 물림 률을 검토하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to measure Micro vicker's hardness of 4 kinds of anterior Composite resins (Pyrofil light bond anterior, Lite-fil anterior, Photo clear fil anterior, Silux) and 6 kinds of posterior Composite resin (Pyrofil light bond posterior. Lite-fil posterior, Photo clear fil posterior, Occlusin posterior, Palfique light posterior, P-30, posterior) according to deference of depth and distance of light tip from surface of composite resin. Each composite resin was filled into Teflon tube of 5mm in diameter and 5mm in depth, celluloid matrix was covered and the light in accordance with each composite resin was irradiated in distance of zero millimeter and 1 cm from light tip to surface of composite resin for 30 seconds. Specimens were sectioned longitudinally with cutting device. Microvicker's hardness measurements ware made at the depth of surface, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 5mm from the surface to deep portion. Vicker's hardness numbers were taken on each depth under 200gm load for 30 seconds with MVK-E. The following results were: 1. The highest hardness value was measured at 1 mm depth. Then the deeper the depth, the lesser the hardness was observed. 2. The hardness value of anterior composite resins is lower than one of posterior composite resins. 3. Hardness number of composite resin irradiated in distance of zero millimeter from surface of composite resin was higher than one of 1 cm from surface of composite resin. 4. The pattern of hardness change at varying depth was similar to all the experimental material with no relation to distance of light from specimen.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.347-368
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa Composite oil(ZjJ-C_oil) and Aralia cordata var. continentalis Composite oil(ARC-C_oil) to NC/Nga mice induced in Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by DNCB. NC/Nga mice which have been induced to Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by DNCB are divided into 4 groups, the first is the mice which have been spread with izyphus jujuba var. spinosa Composite oil(ZjJ-C_oil), the second is the mice which have been spread with Aralia cordata var. continentalis Composite oil(ARC-C_oil), the third is which have been spread with dexamethasone (Dexa.) 0.5% on their Atopic lesion, the last is the control group. Then We analyzed skin clinical score, blood sample of each group of measure state of the dorsal skin, the number of immunocytes, and resect the skin lesion to anlayze the state of cells. There are meaningful results of measuring the number of IgE, IL-4, IL-13, $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-5, the total cells in ALN, dorsal skin, CD4+ Th, CD11b+/Gr-1+ in PBMCs, CD4+ Th, B220+/CD23+ in ALN, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ Th in dorsal skin, the level of COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $TGF-{\beta}1$, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA, the state of the skin lesion and cells in the group with ZjJ-C_oil, ARC-C_oil cream in comprarison with the control group.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.67-79
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• 1998

대부분의 GIS 응용 프로그램은 다수의 공간객체에 대하여 주로 읽기 연산을 수행하며 접근하는 공간객체가 복합 객체인 경우 그 복합객체와 그 복합객체가 포함하는 공간객체에 모두 접근하게 된다. GIS 응용 프로그램에서 공간객체의 생성, 삭제, 변경연산은 매우 드물게 일어나지만 다수의 공간객체에 대하여 수행된다. 본 논문은 GIS 응용 프로그램의 이러한 특성을 고려하여 다수의 공간객체들을 신속히 탐색하기 위한 다단계 사전인출 질의의 개념을 제시하고 생성하는 영속객체들을 최적의 성능으로 데이타베이스에 반영하기 위한 지연쓰기 기능을 객체지향 데이타베이스 시스템인 바다-III에 설계하고 구현한 내용을 제시한다. 다단계 사전인출 질의는 그 질의를 만족하는 객체들뿐만 아니라 그 객체들이 포함하는 객체들을 사용자가 명시한 단계만큼 데이타베이스로부터 인출하여 클라이언트 캐쉬에 등록하는 기능이다. 지연쓰기 기능은 응용 프로그램이 생성한 객체들에 대하여 서버의 부담을 최소화하고 클라이언트와 서버간의 통신을 최소화하면서 데이타베이스에 반영하는 기법이다. 이들 두 기능은 GIS 응용과 같이 다수의 복합객체를 탐색하고 생성하는 응용에 적합하다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.458-462
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• 2005

This paper deal with the optimal lamination condition of cylindrical shell applied new composite URN300 for a study of composite empirical formula. Finite element analyses for isotropic materials considered element numbers and boundary conditions are compared with existing empirical formulas to apply FE analysis for composite. And composite tensile test is done to know the composite material applied FE analysis for composite. The results of FE analyses for isotropic materials have indicated that Optimal element number and boundary condition were 1600 and both simple support. These conditions were applied in composite FE analyses. Ply orientations and lamination patterns in FE analyses for composite were considered. Ply orientations are $0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;60^{\circ},\;75^{\circ},\;and\;90^{\circ}$. Lamination patterns are $[\pm\theta/0/90]_{14s]$ and $[\pm\theta_{14}/0_{14}/90_{14}]_s$ in FE analysis. Lamination pattern $[\pm\theta_{14}/0_{14}/90_{14}]_s$ is the equivalent model of $[\pm\theta/0/90]_{14s}$. At the result of this study, the FE analyses for composite have indicated that the optimized ply orientation $75^{\circ}$ is and real model must use in FE analysis for accurate results.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1995

In this paper, we derive the formular that the number of configuration on the rectangular arrays is counted by the composite shift operator method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.383-398
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• 2011

This paper investigates the nonlinear analysis of concrete-filled steel composite columns subjected to axial loading to predict the ultimate load capacity and behaviour of the columns. Finite element software LUSAS is used to conduct the nonlinear analyses. The accuracy of the finite element modelling is verified by comparing the result with the corresponding experimental result reported by other researchers. Nonlinear analyses are done to study and develop different shapes and number of cold-formed steel sheeting stiffeners with various thicknesses of cold-formed steel sheets. Effects of the parameters on the ultimate axial load capacity and ductility of the concrete-filled steel composite columns are examined. Effects of variables such as concrete compressive strength $f_c$ and cold-formed steel sheet yield stress $f_{yp}$ on the ultimate axial load capacity of the columns are also investigated. The results are shown in the form of axial load-normalized axial shortening plots. It is concluded from the study that the ultimate axial load capacity and behaviour of the concrete-filled steel composite columns can be accurately predicted by the proposed finite element modelling. Results in this study demonstrate that the ultimate axial load capacity and ductility of the columns are affected with various thicknesses of steel sheets and different shapes and number of stiffeners. Also, compressive strength $f_c$ of the concrete and yield stress $f_{yp}$ of the cold-formed steel sheet influence the performance of the columns significantly.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop a buckling analysis technique for a windpower system structure under environmental loadings (hydrostatic pressure) using FEM. We analyzed an isotropic material and composite material and made a comparison using buckling pressure formulas. First, finite element analyses for an isotropic material (SC410) were performed to obtain the variation of buckling pressure for the number of elements and boundary conditions in a pressure-shell model, and the numerical results were compared with those of existing empirical formulas. Then, additional finite element analyses based on the results of the isotropic material (SC410) were performed to determine the optimum lamination angle and pattern for a composite material (URN300). The results of the FE analyses for the composite material were also compared with those of existing empirical formulas. The ply orientations (lamination angles) used in the FE analyses were $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$, and. The lamination patterns in the FE analyses were and. The lamination pattern was assumed to be the equivalent model of. The results of the FE analyses for the isotropic material (SC410) indicated that the optimal values for the number of elements and the boundary conditions were 6000 and both simply supported, respectively. The results of the FE analyses for the composite material (URN300) showed that the optimal ply orientation was $60^{\circ}{\sim}75^{\circ}$.