• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.350-359
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• 2017

This paper presents a new holistic development approach for the carbon continuous-fiber composite frame of an automotive sunroof assembly. The original steel frame has been designed to get higher bending stiffness with its corrugated cross-sectional shape. The new approach uses the prepregs of a fast cure epoxy and PCM manufacturing processing. For higher productivity, the new frames feature a very simple plat cross sectional shape but achieve high bending stiffness through the laminate design. The sandwich structure with a PET foam core was presented. The frames were made of carbon UD laminae covered single carbon fabric on the outer surfaces. The fabrics provide torsional stiffness and also hold the carbon UD fibers floating in the low viscous epoxy resin of prepregs at the curing temperature during processing. The final product yields approximately 18 % savings in weight compared with the original.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권2호
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• pp.201-214
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• 2020

This study aims at evaluating composite moment frame structures (CFS) using wavelet analysis of the displacement behavior of these structures. Five seismic damage mitigation systems' models of 9-story CFS are examined namely, basic (Model 1), reinforced (Model 2), buckling restrained braced (BRB) (Model 3), lead rubber bearing (LRB) (Model 4), and composite (Model 5) moment frames. A novel integration between continuous and discrete wavelet transforms is designed to estimate the wavelet power energy and variance of measurements' behaviors. The behaviors of the designed models are evaluated under influence of four seismic loads to study the dynamic performance of CFS in the frequency domain. The results show the behaviors of models 3 and 5 are lower than other models in terms of displacement and frequency performances. Model 3 has been shown lower performances in terms of energy and variance wavelets along the monitoring time; therefore, Model 3 demonstrates superior performance and low probability of failure under seismic loads. Furthermore, the wavelet variance analysis is shown a powerful tool that can be used to assess the CFS under seismic hazards.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2002

항공기 동체의 주 구조를 이루는 스킨, 스트링거, 프레임을 복합재료 부재료 대체하여 파손 및 좌굴에 대해 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 각 부재의 하중은 기존 항공기 MD90-30의 하중을 적용하였으며, 스트링거, 프레임은 I, Z, T-type의 3가지 단면형상을 선정하여 해석하였다. 복합재료 부재의 적층각, 적층수에 따른 부재의 특성을 알아보고, 단면형상에 대한 비교를 수행하였다. 해석결과 파손은 적층각에 좌굴은 적층수에 많은 영향을 받으며, 스킨, 스트링거는 좌굴이 프레임은 축방향 하중에 의한 파손이 부재 설계의 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있었다. 스트링거, 프레임은 준등방성 적층의 경우 [0/60/-60]적층이 좋은 결과를 갖는 것을 알 수 있었고 단면형상에 대해서는 I-type이 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 또한 기존 알루미늄 부재와의 비교를 통해 복합재료 부재의 경량성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 기술사
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2001

Imported China Jades are mostly talc and serpentine groups, and that's occured troubles for our health and life of living organism. Serpentine is a group of common rock-forming minerals having the formula:(Mg$.$Fe)$^3$Si$_2$O$\_$5/(OH)$_4$. Sometime, simulated by nephrite or jade and translucent varieties we used for ornamental and decorative purposes. But it's forbid by heating materials for sauna and heating mats etc. that reason are it's occured asbestos dusts(chrysotile dusts) easily by the beating operations.

• Composites Research
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2015

이번 연구에서는 기존 철도차량의 대차 시스템에서 금속재로 제작되어온 대차 프레임 스킨을 대상으로, RTM 공정을 활용하여 복합소재로 제작할 때, 수치 해석 결과를 활용한 공정 특성을 분석하였다. 대차 프레임 스킨의 횡단면을 기준으로 두께의 변화에 따른 성형공정시간을 비교하였으며, 그에 따른 대차 프레임 스킨의 중량 변화도 함께 고려하였다. 결과적으로, 내부 섬유 매트의 부피가 일정하다는 가정하에 프레임 스킨 두께의 증가에 따라 RTM 공정시간은 줄어들었으며, 전체 시스템 중량도 감소하는 효과를 보였다. 이 결과를 토대로 향후 대차 프레임의 제조공정비용과 구조특성, 두 영역의 trade-off를 구현할 수 있는 설계 최적화 연구분야에서 제조공정 분야의 상대적 비용 산출을 위한 기본 자료로 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1805-1813
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 복합소재패널 즉 FRP 내력패널을 이용한 반강접 강골조의 내진성능평가이다. 강골조의 최적내진보강을 제안하기 위하여 중약지진 규모의 지진자료를 이용하여 모멘트골조에 복합소재패널의 보강위치를 바뀌어가며 해석을 수행하였다. 복합소재패널이 보강된 강골조의 지진해석은 시간이력해석을 이용하여 수행하였으며, 활용된 지반운동자료는 미국 NEHRP 프로젝트의 모멘트저항 골조에 활용한 자료 중, 50년 동안 지진이 일어날 가능성 10%, 50%의 확률을 가진 지진 20개씩을 활용하였다. 접합부는 현장에 많이 쓰이고 있는 반강접 접합부를 고려하였으며, 복합소재패널 연결부는 비선형 연결요소는 GAP을 사용하였다. 복합소재패널을 이용한 강골조가 패널을 보강하지 않은 무보강에 비해 보강패턴에 따라 보강효과를 검증해 보았으며, 보강 후 구조물응답에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.363-380
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• 2018

This paper presented an integral design procedure for demountable bolted composite frames with semi-rigid joints. Moment-rotation relationships of beam-to-column joints were predicted with analytical models aiming to provide accurate and reliable analytical solutions. Among this, initial stiffness of beam-to-column joints was derived on the basis of Timoshenko's plate theory, and moment capacity was derived in accordance with Eurocodes. The predictions were validated with relevant test results prior to further applications. Frame analysis was conducted by using Abaqus software with material and geometrical nonlinearity considered. Variable lateral loads incorporating wind actions and earthquake actions in accordance with Australian Standards were adopted to evaluate the flexural behaviour of the composite frames. Strength and serviceability limit state criteria were utilized to verify configurations of designed models. A wide range of frames with the varied number of storeys and bays were thereafter programmed to ascertain bending moment envelopes under various load combinations. The analytical results suggest that the proposed approach is capable of predicting the moment-rotation performance of the semi-rigid joints reasonably well. Outcomes of the frame analysis indicate that the load combination with dead loads and live loads only leads to maximum sagging and hogging moment magnitudes in beams. As for lateral loads, wind actions are more crucial to dominate the design of the demountable composite frames than earthquake actions. No hogging moment reversal is expected in the composite beams given that the frames are designed properly. The proposed analysis procedure is demonstrated to be a simple and efficient method, which can be applied into engineering practice.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.373-385
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• 2019

This paper presents a useful in-plane structural analysis of low-rise blind-bolted composite frames with semi-rigid joints. Analytical models were used to predict the moment-rotation relationship of the composite beam-to-column flush endplate joints that produced accurate and reliable results. The comparisons of the analytical model with test results in terms of the moment-rotation response verified the robustness and reliability of the model. Abaqus software was adopted to conduct frame analysis considering the material and geometrical non-linearities. The flexural behaviour of the composite frames was studied by applying the lateral loads incorporating wind and earthquake actions according to the Australian standards. A wide variety of frames with a varied number of bays and storeys was analysed to determine the bending moment envelopes under different load combinations. The design models were finalized that met the strength and serviceability limit state criteria. The results from the frame analysis suggest that among lateral loads, wind loads are more critical in Australia as compared to the earthquake loads. However, gravity loads alone govern the design as maximum sagging and hogging moments in the frames are produced as a result of the load combination with dead and live loads alone. This study provides a preliminary analysis and general understanding of the behaviour of low rise, semi-continuous frames subjected to lateral load characteristics of wind and earthquake conditions in Australia that can be applied in engineering practice.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.397-408
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• 2012

This paper describes the refined 3-D finite element (FE) modeling of composite frames composed of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns and steel-concrete composite beams based on the test to get a better understanding of the seismic behavior of the steel-concrete composite frames. A number of material nonlinearities and contact nonlinearities, as well as geometry nonlinearities, were taken into account. The elastoplastic behavior, as well as fracture and post-fracture behavior, of the FE models were in good agreement with those of the specimens. Besides, the beam and panel zone deformation of the analysis models fitted well with the corresponding deformation of the specimens. Parametric studies were conducted based on the refined finite elememt (FE) model. The analyzed parameters include slab width, slab thickness, shear connection degree and axial force ratio. The influences of these parameters, together with the presence of transverse beam, on the seismic behavior of the composite frame were studied. And some advices for the corresponding seismic design provisions of composite structures were proposed.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.501-514
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• 2011

Recently, there have been many cases in which the difficulty of repair and replacement of principal elements in the bearing wall structure for apartment buildings, which is a major part of apartment buildings in Korea, has led to the reconstruction of buildings rather than their remodeling. To address this problem, the Korea government now allows a floor area ratio of up to 20 %, and has relaxed the building height limits to encourage the use of a rahmen structure instead of a bearing wall structure. However, since reinforced concrete rahmen structures have many problems, including higher floor height and greater construction cost, a great deal of research into rahmen composite precast concrete structures have been conducted. Green Frame, one of the developed prototypes, is expected to provide economic benefits through in-situ production for precast concrete column and beam. For in-situ production of composite precast concrete members, a detailed plan for production, curing, and installation is needed. However, it needs to be confirmed that the space is sufficient to produce the precast concrete members on-site before planning those activities. Therefore, this study proposes in-situ production analysis of composite precast concrete members of Green Frame with the evaluation of structural safety and available area on the parking structure. The result of this study shows that the in-situ production of precast concrete members is possible through a case study.