• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.674-681
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• 2023

Bile pigment, bilirubin, and biliverdin concentrations may change as a results of biliary tract cancer (BTC) altering the mechanisms of radical oxidation and heme breakdown. We explored whether changes in bile pigment components could help distinguish BTC from benign biliary illness by evaluating alterations in patients with BTC. We collected bile fluid from 15 patients with a common bile duct stone (CBD group) and 63 individuals with BTC (BTC group). We examined the bile fluid's bilirubin, biliverdin reductase (BVR), heme oxygenase (HO-1), and bacterial taxonomic abundance. Serum bilirubin levels had no impact on the amounts of bile HO-1, BVR, or bilirubin. In comparison to the control group, the BTC group had considerably higher amounts of HO-1, BVR, and bilirubin in the bile. The areas under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses of the BVR and HO-1 were 0.832 (p<0.001) and 0.891 (p<0.001), respectively. Firmicutes was the most prevalent phylum in both CBD and BTC, according to a taxonomic abundance analysis, however the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was substantially greater in the BTC group than in the CBD group. The findings of this study showed that, regardless of the existence of obstructive jaundice, biliary carcinogenesis impacts heme degradation and bile pigmentation, and that the bile pigment components HO-1, BVR, and bilirubin in bile fluid have a diagnostic significance in BTC. In tissue biopsies for the diagnosis of BTC, particularly for distinguishing BTC from benign biliary strictures, bile pigment components can be used as additional biomarkers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.76-93
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the core components required of nurses to provide quality nursing care to patients and analyze the significance of these components in the hospital's various units to maintain a high level of competence among nurses. Method: The study evaluated 3 categories included 35 subcategories with 148 core components that were derived from literature review and interviews of nursing professionals. The nursing professional category included 18 subcategories with 98 components, the organizational culture category included 4 subcategories with 16 components, and the temperament-attitude category included 13 subcategories with 34 components. The study included 335 nurses with more than one year of hospital experience and measured disparities among different hospital units. The data was analyzed with SPSS-Win 10.0, differing perceptions of the importance of general traits among the participants were measured using standard deviation, and differing perceptions of the importance of professional traits among the participants were assessed using ANOVA and subsequently with the Bonferroni Test. The reliability of the aforementioned research tools were evaluated using the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Result: The results of the study were as follows: 1. Among the three categories, temperament-attitude category was perceived to be the most important, followed by nursing professional category and organizational culture category. Among the ten most important subcategories within the three categories, safety and infection prevention as well as responsibility were perceived to be the most important, followed by promotion of physiologic adaptation, document management and presentation, self-control, ethics, observance law, coping with emergency, humanity, and medication. 2. The relative importance of category associated with the core competencies within the hospital unit were as follows : 1) The units that rated nursing professional category as being the most significant were: internal medicine, surgical unit, mother-child unit, emergency room, intensive care unit, and operating room, in that order. 2) The units that rated the organizational culture competencies as being the most significant were: mother-child unit, internal medicine, surgical unit, emergency room, operating room, and intensive care unit, in that order. 3) The units that rated temperament-attitude category as being the most significant were: internal medicine, surgical unit, emergency room, mother-child unit, operating room, and intensive care unit, in that order.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.1-2
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• 2000

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the onventional rotating barrel, vibrational barrel(vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components. The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed thatbthe average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value. Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components. However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. 2H20 + e $\rightarrow$M/TEX> 20H + H2.. Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure there by resulting to bad plating condition.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.847-855
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• 2014

We developed a highly refractive index planarization layer showing a very smooth surface for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) light extraction, and we successfully prepared a highly efficient white OLED device with an embossed nano-structure and highly refractive index planarization layers. White OLEDs act as an internal out-coupling layer. We used a spin-coating method and two types of $TiO_2$ solutions for a planarization of the embossed nano-structure on a glass substrate. The first $TiO_2$ solution was $TiO_2$ sol, which consists of $TiO_2$ colloidal particles in an acidic aqueous solution and several organic additives. The second solution was an organic and inorganic hybrid solution of $TiO_2$. The surface roughness ($R_a$) and refractive index of the $TiO_2$ planarization films on a flat glass were 0.4 nm and 2.0 at 550 nm, respectively. The J-V characteristics of the OLED including the embossed nano-structure and the $TiO_2$ planarization film were almost the same as those of an OLED with a flat glass, and the luminous efficacy of the aforementioned OLED was enhanced by 34% compared to that of an OLED with a flat glass.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.830-837
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• 2007

Background and purpose : Stroke is one of the most deadly diseases and a leading cause of disability. Lipids confer an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In spite of many studies on the relationship between stroke and lipids, their relationship is not clear. This study was undertaken to determine whether lipids were associated with stroke. Method : We compared the components of blood lipids between stroke patients group (n=217,Cases), non-stroke control group (n=160, Controls) and healthy control group without hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, or hyperlipidemia (n=140, Normals). These data were statically analyzed by general linear models and binary logistic regression analysis to get each adjusted odds ratio. Result : The results were as follows. The blood levels of total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol) were significantly higher in patients of ischemic stroke, while the blood levels of T-Chol and LDL-Chol were significantly lower, and the blood levels of TG significantly higher in patients of hemorrhagic stroke. The blood level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol) was significantly lower in all cases. Conclusion : These results suggest that high TG and low HDL-Chol may be risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke, high T-Chol and LDL-Chol may be risk factors of ischemic stroke, and low T-Chol and LDL-Chol may be risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke in Koreans.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.370-375
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• 2003

The radial acting load of vane on the camring in oil hydraulic vane pumps with and without intra­vanes have been investigated. The influences of the discharge pressure and rotating speed of the vane to the load were discussed. The variations of the radial acting load of a vane were calculated on the basis of the results measured for the dynamic internal pressure in the four chambers surrounding a vane. It provides essential information for the study of pump dynamics and control, the pump design and the analysis of tribological problems in the sliding components.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2006

This study is on the development of algorithm of surge test for quality control on electrical parts of throttle body in automobiles with internal combustion engine, not only to know its condition to be good or not, but also jugding its condition to be classified into six types. To know whether its condition to be good or not, comparing and analyzing between two waveforms generated from master and test coil of throttle body. If test net area is below 20% of master area, the condition of test coil is good. By analyzing test coil waveform to master coil waveform, the condition of test coil into winding badness, insulation badness, layer and corona discharge, short badness should known. Therefore quality control system on electrical parts of throttle body should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.50-55
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• 2008

CNC wire bending machines are used in industries to make a type variety of wire products such as long links. The machines have a long arm device to rotate in order to remove forming errors by flexibility of wire. Generally, the machines which constructed servo motors in the arm have the rotating range of the arm under 360 degree because the servo motors connect with fixed control devices on frame by many cables. The rotating angle under 360 degree limits working speed and forming geometry. Therefore this study developed a gear train to drive a parts in arm and to be independent on arm rotation movement. The developed gear train can transfer four movements to four components in arm and is consists parallel of four pairs of satellite gear trains. This study constructed the CNC wire bending machine with the developed gear train and verified that the gear train could drive internal components independently on arm rotation.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.35-38
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• 2021

The article discusses approaches to the definition and understanding of artificial intelligence, research directions in the field of artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence in the anthropological dimension; the importance of the systems approach as a methodological basis for the design of intelligent systems; structural and functional components of intelligent systems; intelligent systems in the technological aspect; problems and prospects of relations in the system "man - intellectual system".

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1199-1205
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• 2009

The purpose of this case-control study was done to examine the relationship among the cerebral infarction, blood lipids and homocysteine. We compared the components of blood lipids and homocysteine between cerebral infarction patients group (n=127) and controls group (n=158). We performed Pearson's chi-square test and Student's t-test for univariate analysis, Binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis to evaluate risk factors of cerebral infarction and Pearson's correlation analysis to investigate correlation between blood lipids and homocysteine. The results were as follows. The blood levels of High density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-Chol) and Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol) were significantly lower in patients group, while age, the blood levels of Triglyceride(TG) and homocysteine were significantly higher in patients group. Hypertension had a 4.62 odds ratio, $TG{\geq}150\;mg/d{\ell}$ had a 2.33 odds ratio, HDL-Chol ${\leq}40\;mg/d{\ell}$ had a 6.85 odds ratio, but sex, DM, T-Chol, LDL-Chol had no direct relationship with odds ratio(non significant). In addition, among T-Chol and TG , HDL-Chol, LDL-Chol, they had positive correlation each other. Between TG and HDL-Chol had negative correlation each other. Homocysteine was not correlated with blood lipids adjusted for age and sex. These results suggest that low HDL-Chol and high TG may be risk factor of cerebral infarction. The correlation between homocysteine and blood lipids was not proven.y urther reserch on the subject is needed.