• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.447-452
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• 2015

This paper considers a two-stage make-to-stock production system. The first stage produces a single-component and the second stage produces a make-to-stock product using components. In addition to internal demands, the first stage faces external demands with the option of accepting or rejecting. To ration component inventory, the manufacturer adopts a static rule. This paper analyzes the production controls at both facilities that maximizes the manufacturer's profit. Using the Markov decision process model, we characterize the optimal production policy by two monotonic switching curves.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.3 s.205
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enforcement strategy for Consumer Service marketing of an e-Commerce shopping mall. An e-CRM for a Cosmetic e-Commerce shopping mall, Data Warehousing(DW) component, analysis of data mining of the DW, and web applications and strategies had to developed for marketing of consumer service satisfaction. The major findings were as follows: An RFM analysis was used for consumer classification, which is a fundamental process of e-CRM application. The components of the DW were web sales data and consumer data fields. The visual process of consumer segmentations (superior consumer class) for e-CRM solutions is presented. The association analysis algorithm of data mining to up-selling and cross-selling indicates an association rule. These e-CRM results apply web DB marketing and operating principles to a shopping mall. Therefore, the system applications of e-CRM to Consumer services indicate a marketing strategy for consumer-oriented management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.193-198
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• 2001

In the large scale B2B transaction like buying Express-Train or selling Daewoo Motor, a tremendous amount of variables and factors of chaos functionate in it directly or indirectly. To get effective information processing on the so called complex system like this, it should be possible to unite the global insight power of the human being and the local computing power of the machine. In this paper, we suggested a union model of human being and machine using Hugent concept. Hugent is defined as an agent model which allows us to chemically unite the human's component and the machine's component in terms of information processing. In this paper, we showed that some typical problems contained in the complex system can be treated more easily through the suggested Hugent concept.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2022

The renewable energy based MG is becoming one of the prominent solutions for greenhouse gas and constructing less power lines. However, how to procure the economics of MG considering the CO₂ emission and utility network impact is one of major issues as the proportion of renewable resource increases. This paper proposes the feasibility study scheme of campus MG and shows that the LCOE and CO₂ emission can be reduced by utilizing the excess power and introducing hydrogen system and plus DR. For this, the three cases: (a) adding the PV and selling excess power to utility, (b) producing and selling hydrogen using excess power, and (c) participating in plus DR are considered. For each case, not only the topology and component capacity of MG to secure economic feasibility, but also CO₂ emission and utility network effects are derived. If an electrolyzer with a capacity of 400 kW participates in plus DR for 3,730hours/year, the economic feasibility is securable if plus DR settlement and hydrogen sale price are more than 7.08¢/kWh and 8.3USD/kg or 6.25¢/kWh and 8.6USD/kg, respectively. For this end, continuous technical development and policy support for hydrogen system and plus DR are required.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

Purpose - This study investigates whether financial analysts consider the intangible investment implicit in selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenditures to forecast firms' future earnings. Research design, data, and methodology - Using 52,609 U.S. firm-year observations spanning 1984-2016, this study examines the association between the Intangible investment implicit in SG&A expenditures and properties of analysts' earnings forecasts. To estimate the Intangible investment of SG&A, I decompose SG&A excluding R&D and advertising expenditures into maintenance and investment components following Enache and Srivastava (2017). Results - The main results show that analysts' earnings forecast errors and dispersion in analysts' forecasts increase with the intangible investment derived from SG&A because the investment component of SG&A affects future earnings and the uncertainty of those earnings. However, these results are weakened in the wholesale and retail industries where firms have a higher level of investment component of SG&A. I attribute the weaker results to low R&D expenditures in those industries. Conclusion - This study indicates that financial analysts incorporate the intangible investment of SG&A into their earnings forecasts differently across firms and industries. Furthermore, this study supports the argument for the separate reporting of the investment nature of SG&A from other operating expenses such as maintenance nature of SG&A.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.271-280
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• 2017

Real-estate values and related economics are often the first read newspaper category. We are concerned about the opinions of experts on the forecast for real estate prices. The Box-Jenkins ARIMA model is a commonly used statistical method to predict housing prices. In this article, we tried to predict housing prices by combining independent component analysis (ICA) in multivariate data analysis and the Box-Jenkins ARIMA model. The two independent components for both the selling price index and the long-term rental price index were extracted and used to predict the future values of both indices. In conclusion, it has been shown that the actual indices and the forecast indices using ICA are more comparable to the forecasts of the ARIMA model alone.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2009

As the idea and function of the 'Model House' alters, so does the name - 'Housing Exposition' or 'Housing Cultural Center'. Its function Is not only to show and sell but to educate, promote and show culture. It works as a 'communication ground' about house. With the growing number of the Housing Cultural Center and the importance of function, major construction companies are building it competitively to connect the relationship with clients by expanding service. However, despite the necessity of 'Housing Cultural Center' is increasing, function and component of the Housing Cultural Center are yet defined and also specific direction of design, consumer services and programs are not properly established. Also, they are promoting and selling in lots only for a limited period which have problem in clients to participate and know about the characteristics of each companies promotion. Most of Housing Cultural Centers are similar in concept, shape, color use. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Housing Cultural Center with spacial and visual elements that comprise Housing Cultural Center, and study identity factors, distinct characteristics and build identity of the Housing Cultural Center. Ultimately, companies need to put forth to make difference in their own identity and apply it effectively in order to firmly establish identity.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.303-322
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• 2001

This paper proposes 2 problems of Internet Marketing. Firstly, nowadays many people are aware of Web Service and the services that are available in cyberspace. However they are not fully aware of the concepts and range of Web Services. Secondly, most of the research of Internet Marketing focuses on the service quality of cyber shopping using SERVQUAL in relationship to service quality of shopping malls. Therefore they have a lot of limitations because they do not understand all the media characteristics of Internet. Basically the Internet has service parts and also has characteristics of new advertising. But many research papers do not consider these respects. The purpose of this paper is to study of the effects of Web Service Quality on Internet Commerce Transactions. To accomplish the purpose of this paper effectively, theoretical background of web services was reviewed briefly. We defined Web Services and categorized them. We found that the components of Web Service Quality are Information Providing Service Quality and Advertising Service Quality. Factor analysis is conducted according to the dimensions of each component. We conducted Path analysis how these components affect buyers'attitude and buyers'attitude affect revisit intentions and buyer intentions. The results show that strategies of cycler brand construction are better than strategies of selling to web surfers. The strategies of cyber brand construction are related to buying in that customers increase their visits to the entrepreneur's Web site and this increases the loyalty to that site therefore this is related to buying habits.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2002

This test is to conduct applied research the reaction area of the Ti-cast metal body which is made use of Dental Phosphate-silica alumina bonded investment material selling at a market, and the cooling method is how to effect on the acicular. The experimentation is as followings, 1. Experimental specimens After invest with Dental Phosphate-silica alumina bonded investment material, the $10{\times}10{\times}1.0mm^3$ wax pattern was casted by Dental high vacuum argon centrifugal casting machine. 2. Test We can analyze SEM/EDS, XRD utilize the fractography(an optical microscope). 3. Conclusion The pure cast metal body constituted of reaction products layer, stability layer and contamination layer. This pure cast have no connection with the cooling condition. The pure Titanium shows difference in a component distribution according to the cooling condition. Through this experimentation we can establish that acicular in the pure Ti-cast metal is consist of Hexagonal structure a=2.9505$\AA$, c=4.6826$\AA$.

• Clean Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 1995

Clean Technology goes beyond Clean-UP (or "End of PiPe) Technologies to include Pollution prevention, waste minimisation, and cleaner production. However, the concept of Clean Technology goes deeper than changes in technology, to ways in which human needs can be satisfied sustainably. In other words, Clean Technology, concentrates on delivering a human benefit rather than making a product. Introducing cleaner technology may therefore involve new commercial relationships as well as new technological practices. In some economic sectors, this involves leasing or providing a service rather than selling a product. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an important tool in Clean Technology. LCA involves determining all the resources used and all the wastes and emissions produced in providing the human benefit. Use of LCA ensures that improved environmental performance in one part of the Life Cycle is not achieved merely at the expense of more environmental damage elsewhere. Going beyond LCA, the concepts of Life Cycle Design and "metabolised" use of materials are approaches to obtain maximum benefit from materials as they pass through the human economy. "Closed-loop" use can be a component of clean technology. Looking beyond simple re-use and recycling, a material may pass through a "cascade of uses". typically a series of applications with progressively lower performance specifications. Closed-loop use necessarily involves a change in commercial practice, because the material or product must be recovered after use.