• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.67.4-68
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• 2021

In studying the dynamical evolution of galaxy clusters, one intriguing approach is to compare the spatial distributions of various components, such as the dark matter, the member galaxies, the gas, and the intracluster light (ICL; the diffuse light from stars, which are not bound any individual cluster galaxy). If we find a visible component whose spatial distribution coincides with the dark matter distribution, then we could draw a dark matter map without requiring laborious weak lensing analysis. Furthermore, if the component traces the dark matter distribution better for more relaxed galaxy cluster, we could use the similarity as a dynamical stage estimator of the galaxy cluster. We present a novel new methodology to quantify the similarity of two or more 2-dimensional spatial distributions. We apply the method to a sample of galaxy clusters at different dynamical stages simulated within N-cluster Run, which is an N-body simulation using the galaxy replacement technique. Among the various components (stellar particles, galaxies, ICL), the velocity defined ICL+ brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) component traces the dark matter best. Between the sample galaxy clusters, the relaxed clusters show stronger similarity of the spatial distribution between the dark matter and ICL+BCG than the dynamically young clusters.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.2 no.1 s.3
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• pp.57-62
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• 2000

Open GIS Consortium(OGC) provides with Simple Features Specification for OLE/COM which is a system object technology of interoperability and reusable capability. In this research, the Spatial Reference System(SRS) component is developed based on the OGC specification using ATL. The component presents 44 map projections and transformations between different geographic coordinate systems utilizing the seven parameter(Bursa Wolf) and Molodenski's methods, a user can set up all objects and its attributes comprising SRS and can create SRS and save its setting using predefined text, WellKnownText. The Spatial Reference System component can be easily implemented into the variety of GIS software so that it reduces the developing time for a system and defines new reference system without difficulty.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1188-1190
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• 2003

Taipei Watershed Management Bureau (WRATB) is a government agency entitled for water resources protection at two major watersheds in order to provide drinking water for about four millions population in Taipei on a sustainable basis. At WRATB, there are two major public sewage treatment facilities which can convert sewage in each watershed into an acceptable state before they were discharged into rivers. More than 82% of household wastewater have been collected and treated by the two public sewage systems. However, households at remote area still need more effective sewage management prescriptions. The objective of this paper is to implement geographic information systems in order to provide more effective approaches that sewage management can be easier and cost effective. ArcIMS was implemented for Internet browsing and map server of those sewage facilities on personal computers, laptop computers. In the open field, ArcPAD was implemented with personal digital assistant (PDA) such that compact flash type's global positioning systems (GPS) and digital camera can be utilized with PDA. All sewage facilities digital files were convert into ArcMap format files. MapObjects and visual BASIC were used to create sewage application modules to meet every single technician personal flavor. ASP.NET was implemented for Internet database manipulations of all sewage databases. Mobile GIS was the key component of GIS applications in the open field for sewage management on a basis of house by house. Houses at remote area, which can not cover by the two public sewage systems, were managed by PDA and laptop computers with GPS and digital camera. Sewage management at Taipei Watershed Management Bureau is easier both in the open field and in the office. Integration of GPS, GIS, and PDA makes sewage management in the open field much easier. ArcIMS, MapObjects, ASP.NET and visual BASIC make sewage management can be done in the office and over Internet.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1047-1054
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• 2015

This paper presents an acoustic model transform method using untranscribed speech database for improved speech recognition. In the presented model transform method, an adapted GMM is obtained by employing the conventional adaptation method, and the most similar Gaussian component is selected from the adapted GMM. The bias vector between the mean vectors of the clean GMM and the adapted GMM is used for updating the mean vector of HMM. The presented GAMT combined with MAP or MLLR brings improved speech recognition performance in car noise and speech babble conditions, compared to singly-used MAP or MLLR respectively. The experimental results show that the presented model transform method effectively utilizes untranscribed speech database for acoustic model adaptation in order to increase speech recognition accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-49
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• 2014

Advertisement for one type of product competes against another type using different advertising strategies. It is important to know which factors influence people's perception of the message within the advertisement and their formation of attitudes towards the advertisement. Using multidimensional scaling, this study investigated what main factors were important when people perceive beverage advertisements on TV. A positioning map was constructed based on similarity ratings of 14 drink advertisements. We examined the meaning of the three dimensions of the positioning map by asking a different group of participants to rate on components of attention, attitudes toward advertisements and products, and intention to purchase the product in each advertisement. It was found that three dimensions in the map was attention to content, color, and motion respectively. More importantly, the attentional component to content was related to the attitude of affection and action toward a beverage introduced in advertisement. These results suggest that content-based attention in advertisements induces a positive attitude toward the advertisements.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.122-134
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• 2003

In recent, different kinds of nationwide thematic map have been developed based on NGIS, and each related research field has tried to develop GIS by utilizing this map. Also, Many researches on the geographic information data model has been conducted to improve the compatibility of developed system. The developed system in water resource field should reflect the dynamic characteristics of river flow. Because it should be considered from the design of data model, this study suggests the datamodel for designing geographical information database on water resources which is possible to linear reference capacity based on stream network. In order to examine the applicability of the suggested model, network component based system has developed. Finally, the river network based system shows the superiority in terms of its applicability comparing with other system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2003

An incremental kernel principal component analysis (IKPCA) is proposed for the nonlinear feature extraction from the data. The problem of batch kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is that the computation becomes prohibitive when the data set is large. Another problem is that, in order to update the eigenvectors with another data, the whole eigenspace should be recomputed. IKPCA overcomes these problems by incrementally computing eigenspace model and empirical kernel map The IKPCA is more efficient in memory requirement than a batch KPCA and can be easily improved by re-learning the data. In our experiments we show that IKPCA is comparable in performance to a batch KPCA for the feature extraction and classification problem on nonlinear data set.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5150-5155
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• 2011

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) are the most common dementia. In this paper, we proposed a region selection for classification of AD, VD and normal (NOR) based on micro-Raman spectra from platelet. The preprocessing step is a smoothing followed by background elimination to the original spectra. Then we applied the minmax method for normalization. After the inspection of the preprocessed spectra, we found that 725-777, 1504-1592 and 1632-1700 $cm^{-1}$ regions are the most discriminative features in AD, VD and NOR spectra. We applied the feature transformation using PCA (principal component analysis) and NMF (nonnegative matrix factorization). The classification result of MAP(maximum a posteriori probability) involving 327 spectra transformed features using proposed local region showed about 92.8 % true classification average rate.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-83
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• 2012

A knowledge map describes the network of related knowledge into the form of a diagram, and therefore underpins the structure of knowledge categorizing and archiving by defining the relationship of the referential navigation between knowledge. The referential navigation between knowledge means the relationship of cross-referencing exhibited when a piece of knowledge is utilized by a user. To understand the contents of the knowledge, a user usually requires additionally information or knowledge related with each other in the relation of cause and effect. This relation can be expanded as the effective connection between knowledge increases, and finally forms the network of knowledge. A network display of knowledge using nodes and links to arrange and to represent the relationship between concepts can provide a more complex knowledge structure than a hierarchical display. Moreover, it can facilitate a user to infer through the links shown on the network. For this reason, building a knowledge map based on the ontology technology has been emphasized to formally as well as objectively describe the knowledge and its relationships. As the necessity to build a knowledge map based on the structure of the ontology has been emphasized, not a few researches have been proposed to fulfill the needs. However, most of those researches to apply the ontology to build the knowledge map just focused on formally expressing knowledge and its relationships with other knowledge to promote the possibility of knowledge reuse. Although many types of knowledge maps based on the structure of the ontology were proposed, no researches have tried to design and implement the referential navigation-enabled knowledge map. This paper addresses a methodology to build the ontology-based knowledge map enabling the referential navigation between knowledge. The ontology-based knowledge map resulted from the proposed methodology can not only express the referential navigation between knowledge but also infer additional relationships among knowledge based on the referential relationships. The most highlighted benefits that can be delivered by applying the ontology technology to the knowledge map include; formal expression about knowledge and its relationships with others, automatic identification of the knowledge network based on the function of self-inference on the referential relationships, and automatic expansion of the knowledge-base designed to categorize and store knowledge according to the network between knowledge. To enable the referential navigation between knowledge included in the knowledge map, and therefore to form the knowledge map in the format of a network, the ontology must describe knowledge according to the relation with the process and task. A process is composed of component tasks, while a task is activated after any required knowledge is inputted. Since the relation of cause and effect between knowledge can be inherently determined by the sequence of tasks, the referential relationship between knowledge can be circuitously implemented if the knowledge is modeled to be one of input or output of each task. To describe the knowledge with respect to related process and task, the Protege-OWL, an editor that enables users to build ontologies for the Semantic Web, is used. An OWL ontology-based knowledge map includes descriptions of classes (process, task, and knowledge), properties (relationships between process and task, task and knowledge), and their instances. Given such an ontology, the OWL formal semantics specifies how to derive its logical consequences, i.e. facts not literally present in the ontology, but entailed by the semantics. Therefore a knowledge network can be automatically formulated based on the defined relationships, and the referential navigation between knowledge is enabled. To verify the validity of the proposed concepts, two real business process-oriented knowledge maps are exemplified: the knowledge map of the process of 'Business Trip Application' and 'Purchase Management'. By applying the 'DL-Query' provided by the Protege-OWL as a plug-in module, the performance of the implemented ontology-based knowledge map has been examined. Two kinds of queries to check whether the knowledge is networked with respect to the referential relations as well as the ontology-based knowledge network can infer further facts that are not literally described were tested. The test results show that not only the referential navigation between knowledge has been correctly realized, but also the additional inference has been accurately performed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2014

A depth map is an important component for stereoscopic image generation. Since the depth map acquired from a depth camera has a low resolution, upsamling a low-resolution depth map to a high-resolution one has been studied past decades. Upsampling methods are evaluated by objective evaluation tools such as PSNR, Sharpness Degree, Blur Metric. As well, the subjective quality is compared using virtual views generated by DIBR (depth image based rendering). However, works on the analysis of the relation between depth map upsampling and stereoscopic images are relatively few. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between subjective evaluation of stereoscopic images and objective performance of upsampling methods using cross correlation and linear regression. Experimental results demonstrate that the correlation of edge PSNR and visual fatigue is the highest and the blur metric has lowest correlation. Further, from the linear regression, we found relative weights of objective measurements. Further we introduce a formulae that can estimate 3D performance of conventional or new upsampling methods.