• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 1997

A new probing mechanism and an active compliance control algorithm have been developed for the in-circuit test of a PCB( printed circuit board ). Commercially available robotic probing devices are incapable of controlling contact force generated through rigid probe contacts with a solder joint, at high speed. The uncontrollable excessive contact force often brungs about some defects on the surface of the solder joint, which is plastically deformable over some limited contact force. This force also makes unstable contact motions resulting in unreliable test data. To overcome these problems, we propose that a serially connected macro and micro device with active compliance provide the best potential for a safe and reliable in-circuit test. This paper describes the design characteristics, modeling and control scheme of the newly proposed device. The experimental results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed system.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2023

This study focuses on analyzing medical device standards and regulatory requirements in the medical device industry, based on the Medical Device Act in Korea. The objective of this analysis is to determine whether the domestic standards for medical devices in Korea align with international and regional standards. Furthermore, it aims to identify the current application of domestic standards in ensuring the safety and essential performance of medical devices. The analysis revealed that out of a total of 281 domestic standards, 127 standards reference international standards. In terms of the application of domestic standards to specific items, there were 473 types of instruments/machines, 30 types of medical supplies, and 45 types of dental materials. However, the level of compliance with international standards among the domestic medical device standards was only 21%. Upon detailed analysis, general and collateral standards accounted for 24%, while particular standards accounted for 19%. This indicates a significant deviation from the latest international standards. On the other hand, the level of compliance with international standards was analyzed to be 60% for particular standards and 72% for general and collateral standards in Korean industrial standards (KS). Considering these results, the disparities between domestic standards and international standards underscore the need for discussions on domestic medical device regulation and standardization. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the significance of maintaining up-to-date medical device standards and ensuring their alignment with international standards to ensure the safety and quality of medical devices. The findings highlight the necessity for further efforts to strengthen the domestic standardization system in order to promote the development of safe and high-quality medical devices.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1998

Dynamic behavior of a scroll compressor has been investigated analytically. The equations of motion of moving elements of the scroll compressor such as the orbiting scroll, anti-rotation device, slider bush, and the crank shaft with eccentric crank pin have been set up. As the solutions of these equations, reaction forces between the moving elements, and also between the moving elements and the compressor frame have been calculated. The reaction forces from the moving elements to the frame are the unbalanced forces, which produce accelerations of the compressor body. These accelerations can be used as a measure of the compressor vibration. The major contributions to the unbalanced forces come from the orbiting movement of the orbiting scroll.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제41권
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• pp.79-102
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• 2009

L/C transaction, the most important issue for the seller and the buyer is the theory of documentary transaction and the theory of strict compliance which are the principles of L/C transactions. According to the leading cases in England and America where the practice of L/C transactions was created and developed, the descriptions of the commodities specified on all the documents which are submitted based on an L/C, should be identical to the descriptions of commodities specified in the L/C. And further, many leading cases of L/C continuously repeat to emphasize strict compliance. However, the recent leading cases in and out of the country show that the principle of strict compliance is being weakened. The leading cases in America show two trends of weakening the principle of strict compliance. That is, on the contrary to strict compliance, tends to apply substantial compliance (which puts more value on the substance of the documents). These leading cases reflect the attitudes of the judicial and the legislative authorization that don't want to approve formal approach to the commercial law. Recently, the Supreme Court of Korea is giving a decision on the principle of strict compliance, "The documents attached to an L/C should strictly comply with the conditions in the L/C, but it doesn't mean that they should be perfectly identical without any mistake in words. In case the bank can understand through reasonable care that a small mistake in words is too trivial to give different meaning or to give damage to the conditions of the L/C, the documents are regarded to comply with the conditions of the L/C. However, the judgment should be based on whether the difference between the documents and the L/C can be admitted by the international standard bank transaction practice or not." This decision tells that the principle of strict compliance is quite much modified so application of this modification can't be ignored. However, from the viewpoint of the party who requests to open an L/C, there is a criticism that a bank's arbitrary judgement can be involved. Therefore, reviewing the original purpose of L/C transactions (activating international transactions), the principle of strict compliance may be thought old-fashioned because it emphasizes a form, but in reality, for prompt transaction and payment, the principle of strict compliance should be observed in L/C transactions. And further, if a legislative device is prepared to systematically compensate for several side-effects, the principle of strict compliance will improve dynamic flow of prompt and low-costly L/C transactions. On the other hand, it will be able to protect the interested parties.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

It is important to begin left ventricular assist device (LVAD) treatment at appropriate time for heart failure patients who expect cardiac recovery after the therapy. In order to predict the optimal timing of LVAD implantation, we predicted pumping efficacy of LVAD according to the severity of heart failure theoretically. We used LVAD-implanted cardiovascular system model which consist of 8 Windkessel compartments for the simulation study. The time-varying compliance theory was used to simulate ventricular pumping function in the model. The ventricular systolic dysfunction was implemented by increasing the end-systolic ventricular compliance. Using the mathematical model, we predicted cardiac responses such as left ventricular peak pressure, cardiac output, ejection fraction, and stroke work according to the severity of ventricular systolic dysfunction under the treatments of continuous and pulsatile LVAD. Left ventricular peak pressure, which indicates the ventricular loading condition, decreased maximally at the 1st level heart-failure under pulsatile LVAD therapy and 2nd level heart-failure under continuous LVAD therapy. We conclude that optimal timing for pulsatile LVAD treatment is 1st level heart-failure and for continuous LVAD treatment is 2nd level heart-failure when considering LVAD treatment as "bridge to recovery".

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2007

In a number of fields, robots are being used for two purposes: efficiency and safety. Most robots, however, have single-actuator mechanism for each joint, where the tasks are performed with high stiffness. High stiffness causes undesired problems to the environment and robots. This study proposes redundant actuator mechanism as an alternative idea to cope with these problems. In this paper, Double-Actuator Unit (DAU) is implemented at each joint for applications of multi-link manipulators. The DAU is composed of two motors: the positioning actuator and the stiffness modulator, which enables independent control of positioning and compliance. A three-link manipulator with DAUs enables adaptive control of RCC. By modulating the joint stiffness of the manipulator and controlling the position of RCC, we can significantly reduce contact force during assembly tasks and surgical procedures.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.68-79
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• 1997

A six DOF fine manipulator based on magnetic levitation is developed. Since most of magnetic levitation system are inherently unstable, a proposed magnetically levitated fine manipulator is implemented by use of an antagonistic structure to increase stability. From mathematical modeling and experiment, the equations of motion are derived. In addition, a six DOF sensing system is implemented by use of three 2-axis PSD sensors. A model reference-$H_{\infty}$ controller is applied to the system for the position control, In application of the fine manipulator, a wafer probing system is proposed to identify nonfunctional circuts. The probing system requires compliance to avoid destruction of DUT(device under test). A feedfor- ward-PD controllers are presented by the terms of the position accuracy, the settling time and the force accuracy.y.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2024

본 논문은 스마트폰 탈착형 혈관 탄성 모니터링 모듈을 제안한다. 제안하는 센서 모듈은 광용적맥파(photoplethysmogram, PPG)를 계측하고 가속도 맥파를 복원한다. 복원된 가속도 맥파로부터 특징점을 추출하며, 해당 특징점을 이용하여 혈관 탄성 수치를 추정한다. 해당 모듈은 스마트폰의 USB 단자를 통해 전원을 공급 받으며, 블루투스 방식으로 가속도 맥파 파형과 혈관 탄성 수치를 스마트폰으로 전송한다. 스마트폰으로 전송된 파형과 혈관 탄성 수치는 안드로이드 어플리케이션을 통해 화면에 디스플레이 된다. 본 연구는 PPG 계측의 일관성을 평가하는 기법을 제안하며, 해당 기법은 모듈의 프로세서 내에 구현되었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 혈관 탄성 모니터링 모듈은 PPG 신호의 계측 및 분석을 지원하지 않는 스마트폰에 쉽게 탈착이 가능한 형태로 적용이 가능하며, 혈관 탄성의 손쉬운 계측 및 수치 분석을 제공하는 특징을 지닌다. 구현된 혈관 탄성 모니터링 모듈의 성능 검증을 위해, 29명의 피험자를 대상으로 혈관 탄성 수치와 맥압을 측정하였다. 맥압은 상용 혈압계를 이용하여 획득하였으며, 해당 지표는 혈관 탄성을 나타내는 대표적 지표에 해당한다. 분석 결과, 제작된 혈관 탄성 모니터링 모듈로부터 획득한 혈관 탄성 수치와 맥압 간의 피어슨 상관계수는 0.778이며, 두 수치 간의 비교적 높은 상관 관계를 확인하였다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2004년도 하계학술발표 논문집
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• pp.138-138
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• 2004

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2009

Disposal infusion device is known to be useful for chemotherapy. Anti-cancer drug can be released by the force of carbon dioxide or balloon. In this study, we compared the$Anapa^{(R)}$ (LC0020) with B Company (LV2 ml) in terms of infusion rate and stability. Infusion rate was determined every six minute using software, MSI08IH. Stability of 5-fluorouracil was examined periodically using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Infusion rates of gas-derived $Anapa^{(R)}$ device were 2.29, 1.86, 1.98 ml/hr and those of balloon-derived B Company device were 1.71, 1.58, 1.37 ml/min. There were no significant differences in stability of 5-fluorouracil between $Anapa^{(R)}$ and B Company devices. In summary, gas-derived $Anapa^{(R)}$ device is thought to be comparable or superior to balloon-derived B Company device as far as infusion rate and stability are concerned. We expect that $Anapa^{(R)}$ as a home infusion device can be employed to improve a quality of life and compliance of cancer patients.