• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제35권5_1호
• /
• pp.715-726
• /
• 2019

고해상도 위성영상의 보급이 증가함에 따라, 위성영상으로부터 정확한 3차원 정보를 생성하기 위한 기술의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 영상의 변화탐지 및 객체추출 등 응용 분야에서 많이 활용되고 있는 수치지형모델(digital terrain model, DTM)을 생성하기 위해서는 수치표면모델(digital surface model, DSM)에 존재하는 수목, 건물 등 비지면 객체를 추출하고 지면의 높이를 추정하는 과정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 KOMPSAT-3A 스테레오 영상에서 추출된 DSM으로부터 자동으로 DTM을 생성하기 위한 방법을 제시한다. 기 구축된 저해상도 지형자료를 활용하여 비지면 영역을 탐색하고 지면의 높이값을 추정하는 기법을 개발했다. 산악지형, 건물밀집지역, 평지, 복합지 등 다양한 지형 특성을 갖는 4곳의 실험 지역에서 생성된 DTM의 수직 정확도는 약 5.85 m로 나타났다. 제안된 기법을 통해 지표면의 정밀한 형상을 나타내는 고품질의 DTM 생성이 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2021

During our observations of changes in halophyte distribution in Hampyeong Bay over a period of five years, we found that the distribution area showed a maintenance for Phragmites communis community, a tendency of gradual increase for Zoysia sinica community, gradual decrease for Suaeda maritima community, and disappearance for Limonium tetragonum community during the studied period. The Phragmites communis community stably settled in areas adjacent to land and appeared not to be significantly affected by physical factors (such as tides and waves) or disturbances caused by biological factors (such as interspecific competition). Among studied species, germination time was shown to be the fastest for Suaeda maritima. In addition, this species showed certain characteristics that allowed it to settle primarily in new habitats formed by sand deposition as its growth was not halted under conditions with high amounts of sand and high organic matter content. However, in areas where Zoysia sinica and Suaeda maritima resided together, the area inhabited by Suaeda maritima gradually decreased due to interspecific competition between the two species. This was believed to be the result of a sharp decrease in the germination of Suaeda maritima since May, while the germination of Zoysia sinica was continuously maintained, indicating that the latter had an advantage in terms of seedling competition. In the case of the Limonium tetragonum community, its habitat was found to have been completely destroyed because it was covered by sand. The study area was confirmed to have undergone a large change in topography as tides and waves resulted in sand deposition onto these lands. Hampyeong Bay is considered to have experienced changes in halophyte distribution related to certain complex factors, such as changes in physical habitats and changes in biological factors such as interspecific competition.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 2021

Changes in a marine environment have a broad socioeconomic implication on fisheries and their relevant industries so that there has been a growing demand for the medium-range (months to years) prediction of the marine environment Using a medium-range ocean prediction model (Ocean Mid-range prediction System, OMIDAS) for the northwest Pacific, this study attempted to assess seasonal difference in the mid-range predictability of the sea surface temperature (SST), focusing on the Korea seas characterized as a complex marine system. A three-month re-forecast experiment was conducted for each of the four seasons in 2016 starting from January, forced with Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) forecast data. The assessment using relative root-mean-square-error was taken for the last month SST of each experiment. Compared to the CFSv2, the OMIDAS revealed a better prediction skill for the Korea seas SST, particularly in the Yellow sea mainly due to a more realistic representation of the topography and current systems. Seasonally, the OMIDAS showed better predictability in the warm seasons (spring and summer) than in the cold seasons (fall and winter), suggesting seasonal dependency in predictability of the Korea seas. In addition, the mid-range predictability for the Korea seas significantly varies depending on regions: the predictability was higher in the East Sea than in the Yellow Sea. The improvement in the seasonal predictability for the Korea seas by OMIDAS highlights the importance of a regional ocean modeling system for a medium-range marine prediction.

• 대기
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.183-196
• /
• 2019

High-quality and high-resolution meteorological information is essential to reduce damages due to disastrous weather phenomena such as flash flood, strong wind, and heat/cold waves. There are many meteorological observation stations operated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). Nonetheless, they are still not enough to represent small-scale weather phenomena like convective storm cells due to its poor resolution, especially over urban areas with high-rise buildings and complex land use. In this study, feasibilities to use additional pre-existing networks (e.g., operated by local government and private company) are tested by investigating the effects of network density on the gridded horizontal distribution of two meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation). Two heat wave event days and two precipitation events are chosen, respectively. And the automatic weather station (AWS) networks operated by KMA, local-government, and SKTechX in Incheon area are used. It is found that as network density increases, correlation coefficients between the interpolated values with a horizontal resolution of 350 m and observed data also become large. The range of correlation coefficients with respect to the network density shows large in nighttime rather than in daytime for temperature. While, the range does not depend on the time of day, but on the precipitation type and horizontal distribution of convection cells. This study suggests that temperature and precipitation sensors should be added at points with large horizontal inhomogeneity of land use or topography to represent the horizontal features with a resolution higher than 350 m.

• 한국기후변화학회지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.331-344
• /
• 2015

A long-term gridded historical data at 3 km spatial resolution has been generated for practical regional applications such as hydrologic modelling. However, overly high or low values have been found at some grid points where complex topography or sparse observational network exist. In this study, the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method was applied to properly smooth the overly predicted values of Improved GIS-based Regression Model (IGISRM), called the IDW-IGISRM grid data, at the same resolution for daily precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature from 2001 to 2010 over South Korea. We tested various effective distances in the IDW method to detect an optimal distance that provides the highest performance. IDW-IGISRM was compared with IGISRM to evaluate the effectiveness of IDW-IGISRM with regard to spatial patterns, and quantitative performance metrics over 243 AWS observational points and four selected stations showing the largest biases. Regarding the spatial pattern, IDW-IGISRM reduced irrational overly predicted values, i. e. producing smoother spatial maps that IGISRM for all variables. In addition, all quantitative performance metrics were improved by IDW-IGISRM; correlation coefficient (CC), Index Of Agreement (IOA) increase up to 11.2% and 2.0%, respectively. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were also reduced up to 5.4% and 15.2% respectively. At the selected four stations, this study demonstrated that the improvement was more considerable. These results indicate that IDW-IGISRM can improve the predictive performance of IGISRM, consequently providing more reliable high-resolution gridded data for assessment, adaptation, and vulnerability studies of climate change impacts.

• 대기
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.185-198
• /
• 2021

In this study, we examined a spatial downscaling method based on Gradient and Inverse Distance Squared (GIDS) weighting to produce high-resolution grid data from a numerical weather prediction model over Korean Peninsula with complex terrain. The GIDS is a simple and effective geostatistical downscaling method using horizontal distance gradients and an elevation. The predicted meteorological variables (e.g., temperature and 3-hr accumulated rainfall amount) from the Limited-area ENsemble prediction System (LENS; horizontal grid spacing of 3 km) are used for the GIDS to produce a higher horizontal resolution (1.5 km) data set. The obtained results were compared to those from the bilinear interpolation. The GIDS effectively produced high-resolution gridded data for temperature with the continuous spatial distribution and high dependence on topography. The results showed a better agreement with the observation by increasing a searching radius from 10 to 30 km. However, the GIDS showed relatively lower performance for the precipitation variable. Although the GIDS has a significant efficiency in producing a higher resolution gridded temperature data, it requires further study to be applied for rainfall events.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.5-20
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 토석류의 유동과 밀도 변화를 분석하기 위해 운동량방정식으로 단순화된 2상 유한체적모델(Landflow 모델)을 구성하였으며, Hershel-Buckley 유동모델을 사용하여 토석류의 내부 및 기저 마찰과 복잡한 지형 및 연행침식을 분석하였다. 또한 토석류 해석 모델을 수치적으로 해결하기 위하여 Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact(HLLC) 방법을 포함한 관련 유한체적모델을 도입하여 토석류의 경계면에 대한 해를 구하였다. 충격흡수능력, 수치적 등방성, 모델정확도, 질량보존을 검증하기 위해 제안된 모델을 기반으로 원형 댐파괴, 비뉴턴 유체의 댐파쇄 및 다중 토석류 사례분석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과로부터 본 해석모델의 토석류 해석에 대한 수치적 안정성과 정확도를 확인하였다. 또한, 다양한 유동학적 특성의 토석류 흐름을 체계적으로 시뮬레이션하고 토석류 유동특성이 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2021

Recently, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is increasing in the field of land information acquisition and terrain exploration through high-altitude aerial photography. High-altitude aerial photography is suitable for large-scale geographic information collection, but has the disadvantage that it is difficult to accurately collect small-scale geographic information. Therefore, this study used low-altitude UAV to monitor changes in small rural spaces around rural resources, and the results are as follows. First, the low-altitude aerial imagery had a very high spatial resolution, so it was effective in reading and analyzing topographic features. Second, an area with a large number of aerial images and a complex topography had a large amount of point clouds to be extracted, and the number of point clouds affects the three-dimensional quality of rural space. Third, 3D mapping technology using point cloud is effective for monitoring rural space and rural resources because it enables observation and comparison of parts that cannot be read from general aerial images. In this study, the possibility of rural space analysis of low-altitude UAV was verified through aerial photography and analysis, and the effect of 3D mapping on rural space monitoring was visually analyzed. If data acquired by low-altitude UAV are used in various forms such as GIS analysis and topographic map production it is expected to be used as basic data for rural planning to maintain and preserve the rural environment.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2022

국내에서 수행된 대부분의 항만구조물에 대한 월파량 산정 실험은 구조물 전면 바닥 경사가 일정한 조건 또는 전면경사면이 설치되지 않은 상태에서 수행되었다. 금번 실험에서는 직립식 호안도로 전면의 수심을 단면수로에 재현하고 외해에서 파랑 내습시 월파량을 계측하였다. 월파량의 계측은 수리실험이외에 OLAFoam을 적용하였다. 계측결과는 기존 연구성과인 EurOtop과 비교하였다. 실험 결과비교를 통하여 직립식 구조물의 경우 전면 경사면의 영향이 매우 큰 것을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 EurOtop 등의 적용시 이에 대한 검토가 필요할 것이다. 또한 OLAFoam을 활용하여 복잡한 지형을 갖는 구조물에 대해서도 월파량 예측이 가능할 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2023

In recent years, technological developments have rapidly increased the number of complex structures and equipment in the industrial. Accordingly, the prognostics and health monitoring (PHM) technology has become significant. The safety assessment of industrial sites requires data obtained by installing a number of sensors in the structure. Therefore, digital twin technology, which forms the core of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is attracting attention in the safety field. The research on digital twin technology of structures subjected to seismic loads has been conducted recently. Hence, this study proposes a digital twin system that estimates the responses and arbitrary load in real time by utilizing the minimum sensor to a pipe that receives a seismic and arbitrary load. To construct the digital twin system, a finite-element model was created considering the dynamic characteristics of the pipe system, and then updating the finite-element model. In addition, the calculation speed was improved using a finite-element model that applied the reduced-order modeling (ROM) technology to achieve real-time performance. The constructed digital twin system successfully and rapidly estimated the load and the point where the sensor was not attached. The accuracy of the constructed digital twin system was verified by comparing the response of the digital twin model with that derived by using the load estimated from the digital twin model as input in the finite-element model.