• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2021

본 논의는 복합기제를 담은 미디어 텍스트의 확장 의미에 대한 인지화용적 의미 해석 이론을 토대로 대학생을 위한 의사소통 교육 및 한국어 연계 전공 교육자의 리터러시 교육의 연계가능성에 대해 논의된 질적 연구라 할 수 있다. 쌍방향적 의사소통 전략으로 활용된 미디어 콘텐츠 표현의 내포적 의미는 학습자 개개인의 인지환경에 따라 다각적인 해석으로 수용될 것이다. 그렇다면 콘텐츠 제작자가 의도한 일반적인 미디어 콘텐츠 의미 내용은 어떻게 수용되고 있는가. 이러한 의구심이 논의의 출발점이다. 필자는 문제해결을 위해 인지의미론의 실험화용적 방법론에 기대어, 인지언어학의 관련성 모델을 적용시켜 학습자의 창의적인 인지환경과 현시적 내용을 연결시켜 그 대비점을 모색하였다. 논의 결과 학습자 스스로 인지환경과 현시적 내용을 연결시킬 수 있는 주체성과 창의적 사고를 표현할 수 있는 기본 틀을 마련할 수 있었다. 특히 적극적이며 긍정적인 학습자들은 제작된 미디어 텍스트를 문제제기할 수 있는 토론의 능력과 텍스트에 내포된 의미의 타당성을 논증하기 위해 제 3의 대안을 제시하는 등 새로운 인지환경을 구축하는 직접적인 서술적 표현도 드러났다. 추후 복합기제가 담긴 미디어 텍스트는 현대 사회에서 다양한 매체를 통해 쉽게 이뤄지는 간접적이며 설득적인 의사소통 행위이기에 미디어 텍스트 제작자와 학습자의 신뢰적인 대화의 보편적 의사소통 원리가 존재해야 할 것이다

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.263-281
• /
• 1997

We studied the relationship between each type which was figured out by the question paper given to the patients who chiefly complained feeling of cold and Sasang constitution. The results are as follows. 1. Diagnoses in woman's disease with feeling of cold(冷病) are abdomnal mass(uterine myoma, ovarian cyst), dysmenorrhea, leukorrhea and infertility, orderly in number. They have commoness in the origin of disease which are stagnation of Qi(氣滯) and blood stasis(血瘀), cold(寒), damp(濕) and we can find the causes of feeling of cold are stagnation of blood(血瘀) and harmness of damp(水毒). 2. In the type of survey through the question paper, the largest number of the origin of that disease is cold, the next is blood stasis and dificiency of Qi(氣虛), dificiency of blood(血虛), stagnation of Qi, damp phlegm(濕痰) etc. 3. (1)The numbers by constitutional assortment of object are like this. Taeumin are 23 persons,Soumin 14 and Soyangin 6, so we can find the feeling of cold turn up evenly in all constitution but the number of Soyangin was relatively small. (2)The inclination of constitutional type is the highest in Soumin and they often have and feel strongly disorders of their body. (3)We could find the corelation of theoretical background of Sasang Medicine in constitutional type of survey. 4. (1)The numbers by constitutional assortment of the patients with feeling of cold and numbness(冷痺症) are like this. Taeumin are 16 persons, Soumin 7 and Soyangin 3, as are like the distribution of 3-(1). (2)The inclination of constitutional type is the highest Soumin, so they have multiple type of differentiation of symptoms and signs and their symptoms is old and severe, therefore they need long time for cure. In all, except the symptom with feeling of cold caused by dificiency of the blood and insufficiency of yang(氣虛와 陽虛) that we meet frequently on clinic is numerous, the number of that caused by stagnation of Qi and blood(氣滯와 血滯) alike dysautonomia is also large. And we can find the feeling of cold turn up evenly in all constitution but the number of Soyangin was relatively small. Within the case of Soumin, they have both dificiency of Qi and blood, have complex source, so their symptoms are old and severe and they need long time for cure. In Taeumin, they are of large number with dificiency of Qi and we think thst that are concerned with the symptom of exterior cold.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 1974

This study was made on patients who were Hospitalized due to sickness caused by the abuse of marihuana at the Psychiatric Section of a hospital during the period from Feb. to Oct., 1974. The following conclusion was obtained by reviewing the literature with respect to the nursing, and problem solving of those patients. 1. It appears that marihuana is a comparatively mild intoxicant in ordinary preparation without causing physical dependence or tolerance. 2. According to the status of men who are marihuana smokers, approximately 20% of them were college students, those preparing to retake college entrance examinations, non-employed and pharmacists. The men belong mostly to the middle foreigner′s mistress of higher, income bracket, and in the case of women, most of the smokers were US. servicemen entertainers. 3. Dynamic developmental factors: Case 1. : The patient had a characteristic, hysterical and emotionally unitable character, and was of low intelligence, In addition, to this already existing problem, the added uses of marihuana caused a mental illness to develope. Case 2 : The character, was reserved and introspective, her creative power and sentiment was fading and his ability of self-control was weakened. She used the smoking of marihuana to get rid of her own feeling of inferiority complex and tensions coming from interpersonal relationships. Case 3 : The patient was unconditionally resistive to the authoritativeness of superiors and irresponsible in his relationship with women, in his attitude concerning sex in general. He smoked marihuana because he felt become peace-loving and get enchanted experience through smoking it. 4. The points of issue appearing from the above case; (1) Movement of anti-social feelings against the "established system" by the youngsters. (2) Family problem. (3) Shamelessness, loss of motivation, disorderly attitude toward the sex, (4) Worries concerning the future. (5) Lack of knowledge concerning smoking of cigarette and marihuana. Chronic use of marihuana made, those youngman who had originally been ambitions to achieve something in life, lazy, inefficient, unable to make long-term plans, are such weak mined persons that they did not try to overcome problems when encountered. This will pose a great and important question in the mental health of the society, 5. Treatment and Problem sieving According to the literature, we will have to place importance upon hospitalized treatment The phases of treatment were divided into five parts. (1) Prehospital phase (2) Withdrawal Phase (3) Rehabilitation phase (4) Transitional phase (5) After-care phase The experiments have proved that there was much progress in the recovery of patients through environment therapy, supportive therapy and group psychotherapy. This was the above mentioned 5 phases of treating process in accordance with the weekly schedule of the hospital. It was thought that the patients would require prolonged after care management even after they were released from the hospital and that they will also require periodic visit, to the hospital and doctor′s interview with their family. In conclusion, the question of the young generation and marihuana smoking is becoming a great social problem in which their resistances to the "established system" and society is growing in the from of antiestablishment movements. In our country, the smoking of marihuana is gradually developing, therefore, I think, that it would be a very fortunate thing for us, if this report could be helpful for the motivation of further study on the questions of the young generation and its problems.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 2005

A potent demethylating agent, 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) has been widely used as in many studies on DNA methylation, regulation of gene expression, and cancer biology. The mechanisms of the demethylating activity were known to be formation of complex between DNA and DNA methyltransferase (MTase), which depletes cellular MTase activity. However, 5-AzaC can also induce hypermethylation of a transgene in a transgenic cell line, G12 cells and it was explained as a result of defense mechanisms to inactivate foreign gene(s) somehow. This finding evoked the question that whether the phenomenon of hypermethylation induced by 5-AzaC is limited to the transgene or it can be occurred in endogenous gene(s). In order to answer the question, mutagenicity test of 5-AzaC and molecular characterization of mutants obtained from the test were performed using an endogenous gene, thymidine kinase (tk) in Chinese hamster V79 cells. When V79 and V79-J3 subclone cells were treated with 1, 2.5 ,5, $10{\mu}M$ of 5-AzaC for 48 hours, their maximum mutant frequencies were revealed as $6\times10^{-3}\;at\;5{\mu}M$(350-fold induction over background) and $8\times10^{-3}\;at\;2.5{\mu}M$ (l,800-fold induction over background) respectively. Since the induction rates were too high to be induced by true mutations, many trifluorothymidine (TFT)-resistant $(TFT^R)$ cells were subjected to Northern blot analysis to check the presence of tk transcripts. Surprisingly, all clones tested possessed the transcripts in a similar level, that implicates the $TFT^R$ phenotype induced by 5-AzaC has not given rise to hypermethylation of the gene in spite of unusually high mutation frequency. In addition, it has shown that the TK activity in the pool of 5-AzaC-induced $TFT^R$ cells has about a half of that in spontaneously-induced $TFT^R$ cells or in non-selected parental V79-J3 cells. This result suggests that the mechanism(s) underlying the TFT-resistance between spontaneously occurred and 5-AzaC-induced cells may be different. These findings have shown that the $TFT^R$ phenotype induced by 5-AzaC has not given rise to hypermethylation of the tk gene, and 5-AzaC may be induced by one or combined pathways among many drug resistance mechanisms. The exact mechanisms for the 5-AzaC-induced $TFT^R$ phenotype remain to elucidate.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.414-422
• /
• 2010

의문문서의 감정영역에서는 잉크 구성성분의 조성 특성의 비교와 분류를 통하여 식별이 이루어진다. 잉크 분석은 TLC, HPLC/MS, GC/MS, LDI/MS를 이용한 조성분석으로 문서위 기재된 잉크의 조성과 변화에 근거하여 개별 특이성을 확인한다. 본 실험은 잉크 조성 특성 중 휘발성 성분을 확인하고자 5개국에서 생산된 검은색 볼펜잉크 56종을 수집하고 HS-SPME GC/MS를 이용하여 ethylbenzene $0.089\sim0.244\;{\mu}g$/mL, o-xylene $0.072\sim0.331\;{\mu}g$/mL, m,p-xylene $0.062\sim0.318\;{\mu}g$/mL, benzene $0.003\sim0.173\;{\mu}g$/mL, 1,1-dichloroethylene $0.003\sim0.295\;{\mu}g$/mL, toluene $0.007\sim0.484\;{\mu}g$/mL와 같은 휘발성 성분특성 자료를 확보하였으며 잉크시료 개체 특이성과 군집성을 바탕으로 식별자료로 활용할 수 있슴을 알 수 있었다.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.97-107
• /
• 2000

In human societies, there are various organizations which are unique and have different roles. Among them, hospital organization are much more complex than other organizations because of their multitude of professional groups each with its own goals. To achieve its purposes, hospital should manage each professional group effectively. Hospital nursing organizations are the core positions in hospitals for patient care. Therefore nursing organizations have have efficient nurse managers to lead nurses for their own purposes. First- line nurse managers have special tasks for patients and nurses, which include to motivating, managing communicating with the people. So they should have high self-efficacy, which is the belief that one can successfully perform the behaviors in question. Self-Efficacy of first line nurse managers that asked them for leading their staff, and their tasks, is essential to bring about self-realization of staff nurses through motivation and job satisfaction, taking advantage of sound surrounding which is able to operate her staff nurses in order to function efficiently. But there were few studies on the topic in a hospital setting. This study was designed to measure first-line nurse managers' self-efficacy. The subjects for this Study were 167 first-line nurse managers randomly selected from 18 university hospitals in Korea. The Self-Efficacy was measured using 'The general self-efficacy scale' developed by Sherer and Maddux(1982). The data were collected through questionnaires and analysed using SAS program, frequencies, percentages and Pearson' correlation coefficients. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The average of first- line nurse managers' self- efficacy was 66.7. 2. The correlation between first-line nurse managers' self- efficacy and general characteristics(age, education, career) was not significant. From the above findings, this study can suggest the following : 1. Repeat studies are needed in various hospital settings. 2. First-line nurse managers must be trained with special programs for each nursing organizations' purposes.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.27-29
• /
• 1995

Within regional and municipal planning we are using several levels or types of EIA in the city of Dresden. Some of these types, practical aspects and some experiences of our work will be presented in this contribution. Firstly I may introduce you to some general conditions for your better understanding of our principles of work. Surely you know about. the destruction of the political and economical structures in Eastern Germany since 1989. Until today our not quite simple task is to build up new ones. At the same time people were in great expectation of freedom and high standard of living as soon as possible. Economical difficulties increased in association with the breakdown of the market in Eastern Europe. How to rebuild industrial estatements and how to renew the traffic systems? We had to find answers to all these complex question. Should we only repair the former damages or could we reach a really environmental sound production for the future? The demand for a rapid economic growth is an incredible challenge for the application of new environmental ideas. I am truly not sure whether you know the city of Dresden or not. So I would like to give you a short introduction. Dresden is situated in a valley shaped by the river Elbe. There live about 500,000 people. Dresden has a great reputation for arts and sciences. Its also well know as a town of high technology industries such as electronics and optics. We restored the power plant and therefore we don't need any atomic power plants actually we haven't got one. Since 1990 there were founded many official agencies in Dresden because it is the capatal of Saxony. Considering nature and environment we there is a large forest area called "Dresdner Heide". The river Elbe and the meadows are situated on both sides of the river. There are a lot of green and free places in the city area too. Furtheron there is something unusual for a large city: about 50% of the drinking water resources mostly take place within the city itself. The origin is the ground water as well as water from the river Elbe after filtration of course.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제60권
• /
• pp.47-77
• /
• 2013

The way for seller to procure the goods for selling is to produce the goods at his own factory and to buy the manufactured goods from the other company. In order to produce the goods for selling the seller have to obtain the resource from the domestic company or overseas. In the middle of producing the goods to sell, seller may breach the right of a third party based on intellectual property rights. That is to say, seller may use the machine that has not itself been patented and use a process which has been patented by a third party. Seller may manufacture the goods which themselves are subject to the third party industrial property rights. Nowadays it is stressed the importance of intellectual property rights such as a patent, brand, and design. These factors consist of the core elements of the competitiveness of the goods. Many embedded software have been used in the various sector. So the disputes regarding to the intellectual property rights is gradually increasing in number. Article 42 of CISG defines the seller's delivery obligations and liabilities in respect to third party intellectual property rights and claims. It contains a special rule for this similar kind of defective in title, which tries to provide an proper solution to the complex problems caused by such rights and claims in international transactions. When seller will apply this clause to the business fields, there are several points to which seller should give attention. First, Intellectual property is general terms in intangible property rights, encompassing both copyright and industrial property. Which matter fall within the scope of intellectual property? The scope of intellectual property can be inferred from the relevant international conventions, which are based on broad international consensus. Second, Article 42 of CISG governs the relationship between the seller and the buyer, that is to say, questions of who has to bear the risk of third party intellectual property rights. The existence of such intellectual property rights, the remedies available and the question of acquiring goods free of an encumbrances in good faith are outside the scope of the CISG. The governing law regarding to the abovementioned matters is needed.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2014

It was early in the $20^{th}$ century when the space was begun to say through the mutual circumstances of form and contents. Adrian Forty explained that the characteristics of space can be divided into three steps by the period: a space of enclosure, a space as continuum and a space as an extension of the body. And there is common condition that all three spaces are accompanied by the form. In the new thinking of architectural form in terms of text in modern society, architecture becomes to more complex to understanding. Saying that there is nothing outside text (Il n'y a rien en dehors du text.) in the world, Jacques Derrida insisted the world to be texted and not to be special centrality, where can be existed by difference and delay its meaning. Text is the structural meaning (sign), not a metaphorical one (symbol). Without the symbol, the architecture can be recognized as text with signing to the form. For that, there is a question how can be explained the space in terms of text extracting the meaning and the symbol. Absolutely not intended by Mies van der Rohe, but in his works of houses and pavilion, its characteristics and traces of text can be seen. If it is possible to analyse his works in the textual view, space of Mies will be found in the same direction of text. And it will be an important opportunity to re-evaluate the space of Mies works standing in the heart of Modern Architecture.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.321-331
• /
• 2014

Vertebrata lanosa is an abundant and obligate red algal epiphyte of Ascophyllum nodosum that forms part of a complex and highly integrated symbiotic system that includes the ascomycete, Mycophycias ascophylli. As part of ongoing studies to resolve interactions among species in the symbiosis, we used pulse amplitude modulation fluorimetry of chlorophyll a fluorescence, from photosystem II (PSII), to measure the maximum quantum yield ($F_v/F_m$) of PSII [$QY(II)_{max}$] and relative photosynthetic electron transport rates (rETR), as a function of light intensity, in order to evaluate the photosynthetic capacity of the two algal symbionts in the field and in the laboratory under different treatments. Our primary question was 'Is the ecological integration of these species reflected in a corresponding physiological integration involving photosynthetic process?' In the laboratory we measured changes in $QY(II)_{max}$ in thalli of V. lanosa and A. nodosum over one week periods when maintained together in either attached or detached treatments or when maintained separated from each other. While the $QY(II)_{max}$ of PSII of A. nodosum remained high and showed no significant variation among treatments, V. lanosa showed decreasing performance in the following conditions: V. lanosa attached to A. nodosum, V. lanosa in the same culture, but not attached to A. nodosum, and V. lanosa alone. These results are consistent with observations in which rETR was reduced in V. lanosa maintained alone versus attached to A. nodosum. Values for $QY(II)_{max}$ in V. lanosa measured in the field in fully submerged thalli were similar to those measured in the laboratory when V. lanosa was attached to it obligate host A. nodosum. Our results provide evidence of a physiological association of the epiphyte and its host that reflects the known ecology.